• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.640-645
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• 2001

In order to evaluate the change in plasma and fecal mineral content of calves to 6 days of age, and to clarify the relationship between electrolyte status and fecal consistency in calves at 6 days of age, data were collected from 52 Holstein calves. Fecal DM and Na of calves decreased at 6 days of age, but fecal Ca, P, Mg, K, Fe and Zn increased. Plasma Ca, inorganic P, Mg, Na, and Fe as well as blood hematocrit and hemoglobin of calves decreased at 6 days of age, but plasma alkaline phosphatase increased. Colostral Ca, P, Mg, Fe and Zn decreased with time postpartum, but colostral Na and K were not affected. The high plasma Na and K of calves at 6 days of age were influenced by the values at birth. There were negative correlations between fecal DM and fecal Na, and fecal K, of calves at 6 days of age, negative correlations between fecal DM and plasma Na, with plasma K. Plasma and fecal Na as well as plasma and fecal K of calves at 6 days of age were increased by the occurrence of diarrhea. These results suggest that the electrolyte status of calves at 6 days of age is adversely affected by the occurrence of diarrhea, and high plasma K and Na of calves at 6 days of age may be partly due to the electolyte status of calves at birth.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.184-187
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• 2018

Characteristics of fecal sites of the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans was analyzed based on 132 sites of total 19 places. The fecal sites were more frequently found in winter (43.9%), and then followed by autumn (27.3%), spring (23.5%), and summer (5.3%). With the exception of summer, the fecal sites were more frequently found at the root collar than on the forked tree (p<0.01). Among 132 fecal sites, 88 sites (66.7%) were found on the rood collars and the other 44 sites (33.3%) were posited in the forked trees. Brown or red clay pellets were found at 44 fecal sites (33.4%) and 43 fecal sites (32.6%), and then black and yellow pellets were at 22 fecal sites (16.7%) and 19 fecal sites (14.3%), respectively. Green pellets were rarely found only at 4 sites (3.0%). Feces tend to have bright colors (brown, red clay and yellow) in winter and black in summer. Fecal sites with yellow pellets were much less found in all of the three seasons with the exception of winter, but highly increased in 25.4% in winter. The fecal sites with brown (33.4%) and red clay pellets (32.6%) were most frequently found through the four seasons.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.288-292
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• 2007

Seafood, if eaten raw, carries the risk of food poisoning. Seafood poisoning is often caused by pathogenic microorganisms originating from fecal contamination, such as Salmonella sp. and norovirus. Fecal coliforms are an important indicator of fecal contamination. Therefore, data on fecal coliforms are very important for evaluating the safety of fisheries in coastal areas. In this study, 2,226 sea water samples were collected from the southeast coast of Korea, and total and fecal coliforms were compared and analyzed. Total coliforms were detected in 76.5% of the samples and 71.4% of the total coliforms were fecal coliforms. At sea water temperatures above $20.0^{\circ}C$, total coliforms were found in 78.8% of the samples and fecal coliforms constituted 72.0% of the total coliforms. In sea water below $19.9^{\circ}C$, the respective values were 74.6% and 70.9%. These results suggest that temperature does not have a significant effect on the detection of fecal coliforms. When the salinity exceeded 30.0%o, total coliforms were found in 72.1% of the samples and fecal coliforms constituted 66.0% of these. At salinities below 29.9%o, the respective values for total and fecal coliforms were 90.4% and 85.2%. These results strongly suggest that the detection of fecal coliforms is proportional to the amount of precipitation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.437-443
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic (LAP) product supplementation on the blood profile, fecal noxious gas emission, and fecal shedding of lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria in healthy adult Beagle dogs. In total, 14 Beagle dogs with an average initial body weight of 10.19 ± 0.61 kg were randomly assigned into two dietary treatments,with and without LAP supplementation, for a 28-day feeding trial. At the end of the experiment, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the concentration of serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), blood lymphocyte percentage, fecal hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and total mercaptans (R.SH) emission, and fecal coliforms counts. However, the serum concentrations of the triglyceride and fecal ammonia (NH₃) emission of the LAP treatment were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the group compared with the CON dogs. Fecal total lactic acid bacteria counts were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the LAP treatment. In conclusion, the supplementation of LAP in Beagle dog diets could decrease the blood triglyceride level and enhance the gut Lactobacillus count which may have positive effects on dogs.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2010

This study was conducted to assess the validity of fecal coliforms to fecal streptococci ratio (FC/FS) for distinguishing the human from animal origin of fecal pollution in surface water. FC/FS ratio determined in effluent from municipal wastewater and human feces treatment plant (WWTP) and in downstream close to discharge of human feces was above 4 which indicates human origin. However FC/FS ratios determined seasonally in other water zones of the Nakdong River, even in the same sampling site, varied differently (above 4 or less than 0.7) due to different survival time of FC and FS and other environmental factors such as rainfall in watershed. Compared to other season, FC/FS ratios in winter were much lower regardless of the origin. It is concluded that the FC/FS ratio determined in surface water is not always valid for determining the origin of fecal pollution.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2016

Cheonggye-cheon is a partly restored urban stream located in central Seoul. We monitored fecal contamination using three different fecal indicators, total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and E. coli, to assess differences in each indicator on days of varying weather conditions. Presumptive TC, FC and E. coli colonies were identified by their 16S rRNA sequences. The results showed that enumeration of E. coli provided a better reflection of fecal contamination of the stream than TC and FC. The main sources of contamination were the inflow of fecal-polluted groundwater from the vicinity of a subway line and two inflowing streams. The fecal contamination was worsened on days with heavy rain because untreated sewage from a collecting facility flowed into the stream. Moreover, growth potential of fecal indicator (E. coli) in situ induced by algal exudates was measured. Our results suggest that an appropriate standard based on E. coli rather than TC and FC should be established for improving water quality management strategies of Cheonggye-cheon in the future.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.417-420
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• 2009

Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. Dog is the definitive host for N. caninum and can infect dairy cattle. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Neospora oocysts in feces of dogs from dairy farms. A total of 174 fecal samples was collected from 89 farm dogs and 85 household dogs during 2006 and 2008. Fecal samples of dogs were microscopically examined for detecting Hammondia Neospora-like oocysts (HNLO) by Mini $Parasep^{(R)}SF$ fecal parasite concentrator. HNLO were microscopically detected in 4 fecal samples (2.2%). The fecal samples with HNLO were examined by N. caninum-specific PCR. Two of the samples were positive for N. caninum. The 2 positive fecal samples were selected for inoculation to calves. Two inoculated calves were seronegative by ELISA for 4 months post-infection. This is the first report of finding N. caninum DNA in feces of farm dogs in Mashhad area, Iran.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1996

Bacterial transformation of bile acids is possibly involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. n several epidemiological studies, the fecal bile acid dietary fiber are related to the indicence of colonic cancer. This study investigated the influence of age, dietary fiber intake on fecal bile acid profiles in healthy subject. The dietary fiber were assessed by mean of 24 hour dietary recall method, the subjects consist of 238 members aged 20 to 64 years old and feces are collected from the subjects. Fecal bile acids and neutral sterols were analyzed by gas chromatography. Mean dily crude fiber intake level was 7.7$\pm$1.4g(dietary fiber : 16.7$\pm$3.5g), dietary fiber intake range being 6.5-36.8g. The dietary fiber intake in elederly subject was significantly lower than in the other younger groups. Dietary fiber intakes was negatively correlated with the total bil acid concentation in feces. Probably, a decrease in dietary fiber intake results in higher fecal bile acid concentrations. The secondary bile acid concentration is related to the colon cancer, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were significantly higher in elderly subjects. Concentration of fecal total bile acid, deoxycholic acid, coprostanol, coprostanone were higher in low dietary fiber intake group. These results suggest that the risk factor for colon cancer might be reduced, when dietary fibers are consummed more.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.662-668
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of soy oligosaccharide consumption on feces bifidobacteria proliferation and feces lipid profiles in Korean young women. Eight healthy young women (25 - 34 years) were fed 15 g/day of soyoligosaccharide solution, containing 3 g of oligosaccharide as form of raffinose and starchyose, for 15 days with their habitual meals. Soyoligosaccharde intake increased the numbers of fecal total bacteria significantly until 10 days (p < 0.05) and the numbers of fecal bifidobactreia were significantly increased until 15 days (p < 0.05) . The fecal pH was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by soyligosaccharide intake. Fecal lipid concentration showed the trend to increse, especially fecal triglyceride level was significantly increased by soy oligosaccharide intake (p < 0.05). The water contents of feces, the amount of feces, evacuation frequency and taking time to evacuation were not affected by soyoligosaccharide intake. The color of feces changed to yellow-brown, and hardness of stool and effort to evacuation were reduced by soyoligosaccharide intake. These results suggest that soyoligosaccharide intake (3 g/day) in young women improved the gut microflora and fecal lipid profile. Therefore, soy oligosaccharide has a potential to be used as one of the promising prebiotics, and controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer duration are need to be studied further.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.40-52
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• 2001

Using a biochemical indicator, the effects of fecal pollution in the estuary of the Nakdong river and in the Chinhae Hay were investigated from summer to winter in 1997-1998. The biochemical indicator used in this study was coprostanol (5-cholestan-3-ol) which is a kind of fecal sterol. It is a useful tracer of fecal pollution, as it is only found in feces of mammals including humans. Coprostanol was less affected by surrounding environments than other indicators of fecal pollution such as fecal coliform or ammonium and was proved to be a good indicator of fecal pollution. Therefore, long-term observations of coprostanol and related compounds could be used as useful indicators for the effects of feces on marine environments and ecosystems.