• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.104-115
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• 2008

Purpose: A study of the family planning and Maternal-Child Health Services that disciplined itself in primary health care post form 1980 to 2009. Method: Investigation studies family planning in primary health care post and a change process of a Maternal-Child Health Services into case by case until 2009 from 1980. Results: Our country family planning business began at economic development dimensions in order to solve a poverty issue. This business goal were childbirth decrease of pregnancy possibility couple aged 19~49 and improve to mother and child health. For this goal, all kinds of health education included sex education and contraception education, contraception service, comprehensive maternal and child health service that management of front and back of childbirth etc. are provided. According to fail down a birthrate from 6.0(1962) to 1.25(2009), the nation reached to a dilemma called childbirth encouragement policy. Conclusions: Decrease of labor supply by low birthrate, decrease numerical an employed person by aging was brought a labor shortage and decrease of productivity of labor of industrial manpower. Deterioration phenomenon of financial income and expenditure by consumption and investment contraction caused decrease of slowdown of economic growth and potential growth rate, and a social cost burden is increased by deterioration financial old man support burden increase by this and pensions and health insurance, a sharp increase of social welfare cost etc. Now, in order to solve a low birth issue, the government establishes a whole nation forwarding system and establishes basic plan social low birth and advanced age, and to prepare for childbirth fault factors removal and advanced age society shall endeavor.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.519-539
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• 1993

A total of 264 independently oriented core samples were collected from 26 sites in the southwestern part (the Naktong Trough) of the Cretaceous $Ky{\check{o}}ngsang$ Basin in south Korea. The sampled formations comprise the sedimentary Shindong and the Hayang Groups of the Lower Cretaceous age. Alternating field and thermal demagnetizations were conducted. Characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) was relatively easily isolated in each formation except in the Chinju formation, from which only remagnetization circles were observed. Even though an extensive use of the fold test was not possible due to the nearly homoclinal nature of the strata in the area, we believe that the ChRM of each formation is of primary origin based on the following grounds: The in-situ ChRM direction of each formation is different from the present geomagnetic field direction. Fisherian precision parameter becomes enhanced through the tilt correction in all formations, closely to the values required for a positive fold test. Three out of the five studied formations pass the reversal test. The mean palaeomagnetic pole position from the studied area is found to be statistically different from the contemporary pole from the Chinese block exclusive of the Shandong area. The difference in magnetic declination suggests a $14.5^{\circ}$ (${\pm}10.5^{\circ}$) clockwise rotation of the studied area relative to the Chinese block comprising the west of the Tan-Lu fault. On the other hand, any significant difference in magnetic inclination and concurrent palaeolatitude is not observed between the studied area and China as well as the other area (Taegu-Andong area) in the $Ky{\check{o}}ngsang$ Basin. The dual nature of the magnetic polarity confirmed in all formations suggests an older than 124 Ma (Neocomian or older) age of the studied sedimentary strata.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 1990

Magnetic anisotropy of a total of 213 independently oriented Tertiary rock samples from Pohang-Ulsan area has been studied. The sampled strata comprise basalts, tuffs and black shale, and range in age from Eocene to Miocene. The previous palaeomagnetic studies indicate that their magnetic carrier minerals are titanomagnetites. Among 23 sampled sites, 11 sites were found to preserve magnetic load foliation parallel to the bedding plane caused by the Iithostatic load of the overlying strata. Other 4 sites showed magnetic lineation indicating the flow direction of lava and tuffs. The remaining 8 sites revealed the magnetic tectonic foliation nearly vertical to the bedding plane. This magnetic foliation is interpreted to be generated by tectonic compression which acted nearly horizontally during the solidification stage of the strata. The compression directions deduced from the tectonic foliation of the 8 sites can be grouped into internally very consistent two group: a N-S trending one and the other WNW-ESE trending one. It is interpreted that the former N-S compression was associated with the N-S spreading of the East Sea(Sea of Japan) and the dextral strike-slip movement of the Yangsan-Ulsan fault system. The latter WNW-ESE compression is interpreted to represent the folding and reverse faulting activity in the Korean and Tsushima straits during middle/late Miocene times.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 1996

Electrum-sulfide minerals of the Namsan Au-Ag mine were deposited in two stages of quartz and calcite veins that fill fault planes in Mesozoic granitic rocks (230~155 Ma). The K/Ar radiometric dating of hydrothermal sericite indicates that mineralization is early Cretaceous age ($127{\pm}3.0Ma$). Mineralogic, fluid inclusion and sulfur isotopic data show that ore minerals were deposited at temperatures between $340^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$ from fluid with salinities of 3 to 6 equiv. wt % NaCl. Evidence of fluid boiling (and $CO_2$ effervescence) indicates a maximum pressures of 100 bars. The formation temperature and $fs_2$, of Au-mineralization from the Namsan mines are mainly $280{\sim}230^{\circ}C$ and $10^{-11}{\sim}10^{-13}$ atm, respectively. Au deposition was likely a result of boiling caused to chemical change (pH, $f_{O2}$, ${\Sigma}_{H_2S{\cdot}{\cdot}}$) of ore-fluids. Sulfur isotope composition of sulfide minerals (${\delta}^{34}S=5.1$ to 8.2‰) are consistent with ${\delta}^{34}S_{{\Sigma}{H2S}}$ value of +6 to +7‰, suggesting an igneous source of sulfur partially mixed with wall-rock sulfur.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.63
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• pp.61-79
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• 2004

The Franz Josef Glacier is sited 250 m above sea level. The moisture westerly winds from Tasman Sea and the feature of the alp geomorphology have made the Franz Josef Slatier. That is why the Franz Josef Slatier is. The Franz Josef Slatier has receded during the past century in response to global warming since the end of the Little ice Age in the 1890s. Even between 2002 and 2003, the Franz Josef Glacier is confirmed retreat ins. This is confirmed by climate factors. The expressing of the Franz Josef Slatier retreating in 2003 which is advanced air temperature and amount of precipitation in 1998 than compared another years. There are lots of metamorphic rock as known biotite, schist, greywack and the Alpine Fault is passing near the Franz Josef Glacier. The grooved and scratching trend surface the rock are observed as the evidence of retreating glacier left.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-34
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• 1968

Manganese ore deposits of the Samhan Changgun Properties are located at the valley of west-lope-side of Changgun-bong (1132m) occupied over the Myon border between Sochon-myon and Jaesan-myon Pongwha-gun, Kyongsang-Pukdo. Geology of the more property and it's vicinity consists of Wonnan formation and Yulri formation of pre-Cambrain and Changgun limestone formation, Mica-schist formation, quartizite formation and Jaesan formation (containing coal bearing zone the unknown age. And granites and dykes were intruded into the above formation later. 1. Management deposits is embedded the formation of Janggun limestone especially Contact zone in the contact zone to of Chunyang Granite limestone enclosed by Granite, and Maginal zone of fault line in the limestone. Therefore, Chunyang Granite is Closely related to ore deposit. Pegmatite which is near by ore deposit was intruded before mineralization and it seems to be a channelway of ore solution. The most important ore deposits of property grouped into south deposit, east deposit, east-Gachon deposit, South-Gachon deposit, Durimgok deposit and West deposit, out-crops at several place. Besides these deposits there also are several prospects on outcrop scathered. Hydrothermal alteration take place strongly in the well rock and it's sequence are Characterized as following; 1) Dolomitization 2) Carbonization 3) Mamgamotozation 4) Pyritization 5) Silicification 6) Oxidation 2. The grade of manganese dioxide is up to Mn 45% in Maximum, but generally, averaging Mn 30~35% of high grade ore and averaging Mn 30~32% of manganese carbonates are mined in his property.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 1972

The Second Yeon Hwa Mine which belongs to a so called Lead-Zines Belt Area in the central east Korea is located at about 10 km northeast of the Seogpo railway station on Yeongdong Line. The exploitation of the mine started in June, 1969 and furnished the machinary ore dressing plant in November, 1971. The current monthly production of rude ore is 15,000 meteric tons. The results of the study on the lead-zinc-copper deposits of the Second Yeonhwa mine are summerized as follows: (1) main ore deposits of the mine are localized in the Pungchon Limestion formation of Cambrian age, (2) related ingneous rock with ore deposits is granite porphyry, which distributed in NS and $N50^{\circ}W$ trend, (3) ore solution ascended along the $N50^{\circ}W$ trend which represents folding axis and fault plane and mineralized selectively in the limestone formation. (4) high grade ore deposits are localized in concave and convex boundaries of granite porphyry, and hanging walls of shale bed ($P_2S$ shale bed) in Pungchon Limestone formation and (5) skarn minerals are consisted of garnet, hedenbergite, diopside, and sulfide minerals are composed of zincblenede, galena, phyrhotite, pyrite and some amount of chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2002

Dating and dosimetry using electron spin resonance (ESR) in 20th Century developed at both Yamaguchi University and Osaka University have been reviewed with emphasis on new prospects and strategies in 21th century. Natural radiation have been generating radicals that accumulated in archaeological and geological materials. ESR detects these radicals and the ESR signal intensity is proportional to the radiation dose and therefore the age. The assessment of the total dose of natural radiation and the annual dose rate give their ESR ages. The ESR dating of stalactites and stalagmites ant Akiyoshi cave in Yamaguchi prefecture in 1975 was extended to anthropological dating using bones and tooth enamel excavated in Greek Petralona cave. Fossils of shells and corals gave the ages of marine terraces and sea-level changes. Quartz grains gave the ages of geothermal alteration and fault movements. Future ESR dating of ices at outer planets anf their satellite are also investigated as basic studies for ices od $H_2O,\;CO_2,\;SO_2$ as well as terrestrial hydrates in laboratory. Atomic bomb radiation dosimetry at Hiroshima and Nagasaki using ESR lead to the dosimetry of personnel, Chemobyl and JCO criticality accidents. Monitoring of radiation dose with sensitive materials with tissue equivalence are being developed. finally a new scanning ESR imaging apparatus (a near field microwave microscope) developed in our laboratory gave ESR images of Radicals from fossils to Si-CVD and diamond films as summarized in my book in 2002.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.94-101
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• 2020

In the age of industry 4.0, artificial intelligence is being widely used to realize machinery condition monitoring. Due to their excellent performance and the ability to handle large volumes of data, machine learning techniques have been applied to realize the fault diagnosis of different equipment. In this study, we performed the failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor by using deep learning and big data. Several tests were performed to identify the main failure mode of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and it was noted that the capacitance reduced significantly over time due to overheating. To reflect the capacitance degradation behavior over time, we employed the Vanilla long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network architecture. The LSTM neural network has been demonstrated to achieve excellent long-term predictions. The prediction results and metrics of the LSTM and Vanilla LSTM models were examined and compared. The Vanilla LSTM outperformed the conventional LSTM in terms of the computational resources and time required to predict the capacitance degradation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.579-585
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• 1995

The Samkwang mine is Cretaceous gold-silver-bearing deposits located in the western part of the Ogcheon belt The ore deposits have been emplaced within granite gneiss of the Precambrian age. The Au-Ag deposits are hydrothermal-vein type, characterized by arsenic-, gold- and silver-bearing sulphides, in addition to the principal ore-forming sulphides arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite. Their proven reserves are 355,000 MT, and grades are 8.4 g Au/t and 13.6 g Ag/t. On the basis of their structural characters, the Au-Ag-bearing quartz veins are classified into three types of ore veins; (1) The Main vein shows $N40^{\circ}-80^{\circ}E$ strike and $55^{\circ}-90^{\circ}SE$ dip, (2) the Sangban vein shows E-W strike and $30^{\circ}-40^{\circ}S$ dip, and (3) the Gukseong vein has $N25^{\circ}-40^{\circ}W$strike and $65^{\circ}-80^{\circ}SW$ dip. The emplacements of the ore veins are closely related to the minimum stress axis $({\sigma}_3)$ during the strike-slip movement of the study area. The ore-bearing veins filled with extension fractures during strike-slip movements were sequentially emplaced as follows: I) When ${\sigma}_1$ operates obliquely to NE-series discontinous surface, the Main fault zone $(F_1)$ developes. 2) During the same time, extension fractures ($T_1$ Gukseong veins) take place. 3) When the fault progress continuously, the existing $T_1$, may be high angle and $T_2$ (Daehung vein) developes continuously. 4) When ${\sigma}_1$ changes to sinistral sense, $T_3$ (basic dyke) occurs. 5) When a reverse fault becomes active, the Sangban vein is branched from the Guksabong vein.