• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1993

국내 김치류 가운데 향토식품으로서 연구개발의 필요성이 있는 갓의 비휘발성 유기산, 무기질, 지방산조성 및 섬유소 등에 대한 성분분석 결과는 비휘발성 유기산은 잎줄기보다 잎에 많았으며, 특히 malic acid의 함량이 79.lmg%로서 가장 높았고, citric acid는 23.7mg%로서 잎의 함량이 잎줄기보다 4배 정도 더 많았다. 잎과 잎줄기의 무기질은 칼슘(143.7, 81.3mg%)과 마그네슘(22.7, 14.5 mg%)이 높게 나타났으며, 대체로 잎의 무기질함량은 잎줄기에 비하여 1~1.8배 정도 많았다. 특히 철 (6.9, 7.3mg%)은 다른 십자화과 채소에 비하여 상당히 많았다. 총지질을 구성하는 지방산 조성은 $\alpha$-linolenic acid, palmitic acid 그리고 linoleic acid가 대부분을 차지하며, 불포화지방산의 함량이 포화지방산에 비하여 3.7배 많으며, 잎과 잎줄기의 P/S비율이 각각 4.1과 2.9로서 잎이 1.4배 높았다. 식이성 섬유질 중 펙틴질에 있어서 잎과 잎줄기의 알코올불용성성분 (AIS)은 9.4및 6.7%로서 잎의 AIS함량이 1.4배 많았으며, 잎과 줄기에서 공통적으로 AIS는 열수수용성펙틴(HWSP), 인산염가용성펙틴(HXSP), 염산가용성펙틴(HSP)이 4.1 : 2.8 : 1의 비로 구성되며, HXSP와 HSP의 함량이 크게 차이를 보였다. 또한 총 식이성섬유질의 함량은 잎과 잎줄기에서 각각 1.2와 2.8%를 함유하며, ADF에 비하여 NDF함량이 많았으며, 리그닌이 가장 적었다. 셀루로스는 헤미셀루로스에 비하여 2.1배 많았으며, 대체로 잎줄기에는 잎에 비하여 각 식이성 섬유소의 함량이 약간씩 높았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1524-1528
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary fiber on the activities of malic enzyme and citrate lyase involved in fatty acid metabolism in the colon epithelium of pigs. Thirty-six weaned 5 weeks old crossbred (Yorkshire${\times}$Swedish Landrace) piglets originating from twelve litters were randomly assigned to either a low fiber diet containing 10% non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), a control diet containing 14.7% NSP or a high fiber diet containing 20% NSP. The activity of malic enzyme in the colonic epithelium of pigs significantly (p<0.05) increased with age during the suckling-weaning transition. There was a tendency (p<0.10) of decreased malic enzyme activity in the colonic epithelium of pigs fed on the high fiber diet. At week 6, a lowered (p<0.01) activity of malic enzyme in pigs fed on the low fiber diet compared with that in pigs fed on the high fiber and the control diets. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in the activity of citrate lyase observed either between pigs with different ages or between pigs fed with various diets. The current data suggest that piglets during the suckling-weaning transition have a limited capacity to synthesize fatty acids from carbohydrate derivatives in the coloncytes. In addition, lipogenesis in coloncytes was enhanced with age during the suckling-weaning transition. A tendency (p<0.10) to an increased capacity to utilize acetyl-CoA in coloncytes of pigs has been observed for the high fiber diet. Moreover, the present work indicated that dietary fiber resulted in a lowered rate of lipogenesis and a reduced activity of malic enzyme.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.240-252
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary nicotinic acid (NA) on apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiota in uncastrated Xiangzhong black cattle. Methods: Twenty-one uncastrated Xiangzhong black cattle (385.08±15.20 kg) aged 1.5 years were randomly assigned to the control group (CL, 0 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet), NA1 group (800 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet) and NA2 group (1,200 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet). All animals were fed a 60% concentrate diet and 40% dried rice straw for a 120-day feeding experiment. Results: Supplemental NA not only enhanced the apparent nutrient digestibility of acid detergent fiber (p<0.01), but also elevated the rumen acetate and total volatile fatty acid concentrations (p<0.05). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of rumen microbiota revealed that dietary NA changed the diversity of rumen microbiota (p<0.05) and the abundance of bacterial taxa in the rumen. The relative abundances of eight Erysipelotrichales taxa, five Ruminococcaceae taxa, and five Sphaerochaetales taxa were decreased by dietary NA (p<0.05). However, the relative abundances of two taxa belonging to Roseburia faecis were increased by supplemental 800 mg/kg NA, and the abundances of seven Prevotella taxa, three Paraprevotellaceae taxa, three Bifidobacteriaceae taxa, and two operational taxonomic units annotated to Fibrobacter succinogenes were increased by 1,200 mg/kg NA in diets. Furthermore, the correlation analysis found significant correlations between the concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and the abundances of bacterial taxa, especially Prevotella. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that dietary NA plays an important role in regulating apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber, acetate, total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and the composition of rumen microbiota.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the overall effects of a tailored Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) nutritional intervention program which included omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, on dietary self-efficacy, dietary knowledge, and dietary behaviors in Korean elderly women with abdominal obesity. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of the program on metabolic syndrome parameters including the antioxidant capacities in these subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted for 8 weeks. The experimental group (n = 21) received a weekly tailored nutritional program for 8 weeks and the control group (n = 18) received only one educational session. The clinical survey was conducted before and after the intervention period. RESULTS: After the intervention, dietary self-efficacy (P = 0.023), frequency of fruit intake (P = 0.019), and dietary fiber intake (P = 0.044) were higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The oxidative stress (P < 0.001) was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Moreover, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P = 0.023) had significantly decreased in the experimental group but not in the control group after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention program including omega-3 fatty acid supplementation had a positive effect on dietary self-efficacy, dietary behaviors, and oxidative stress among aged women with abdominal obesity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.516-525
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• 2010

아마인의 유용성분에 대해서 알아보고 가열과정을 통한 성분변화 및 다른 종유작물과 유지의 물리화학적 성분과 비교, 평가하였다. 조지방은 37~43%, 탄수화물은 30~35%, 조단백질은 18~23%, 조회분은 3~4% 그리고 수분 함량은 0.2~6.8%의 함량을 나타내었다. 식이섬유 함량은 생아마인보다 가열 처리한 볶음 아마인에서 SDF의 함량이 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 상대적으로 IDF의 함량도 감소하기 때문에 TDF의 함량은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그리고 총 식이섬유 함량은 28~31%로 높은 함량을 보였다. 또한 아마인의 주요 유용성분을 살펴본 결과, 비타민은 ${\gamma}$-tocopherol(E), 아미노산은 agrginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid가 높은 함량을 보였다. 이들은 생아마인보다 볶음 아마인에서 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 아마인의 무기물 함량을 분석한 결과, 칼슘, 칼륨, 마그네슘, 인이 주요 구성성분이었다. 물리화학적인 특징으로 요오드가, 비누화가, 산가를 분석하였으며, 브라운 아마인유는 각각 204.1 g/100 g, 193.6 mg/g, 1.59 mg/g을 나타내었으며, 골드 아마인유는 각각 203.0 g/100 g, 189.9 mg/g, 2.35 mg/g으로 조사되었다. 아마인유의 지방산 함량에서는 전체적인 구성 비율을 볼 때 ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid(ALA, C18:3n-3)가 약 55.5~56.1% 로 가장 높은 함량을 차지하였다. 그리고 브라운보다는 골드 아마인유의 ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid의 함량이 약간 높았다. 높은 ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid 함량은 아마인유가 오메가-3 지방산이 강화된 식품 개발에 좋은 자원이 될 것으로 사료된다. 또한 다가 불포화지방산 함량이 약 71%로 함유되어 있으며, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid 등 필수지방산의 함량이 높아 식품의 영양학적인 의의가 크며, 양질의 식용유로 사용 가능할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1975-1984
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• 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effects of body weight (BW) and fiber sources on nutrient digestibility, fiber fermentation and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration in different intestinal segments of growing pigs fed high-fiber diets. Methods: Nine barrows with initial BW of 25.17±0.73 kg and 9 barrows with initial BW of 63.47±2.18 kg were allotted to a duplicate 9×2 Youden Square design with 3 dietary treatments and 2 periods. The dietary treatments were formulated with 3 different high-fiber ingredients: corn bran, sugar beet pulp, and soybean hulls, respectively. Each diet was fed to 3 barrows with different stage of BW in each period. Results: There were no differences in the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of most nutrients between pigs at different BW stages. Pigs at 60 kg had greater (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and had greater (p<0.05) hindgut disappearance of IDF and cellulose than pigs at 25 kg. The acetate, propionate and total SCFA concentrations in ileal digesta and feces of pigs at 60 kg were greater (p<0.05) than those of pigs at 25 kg. In addition, fiber sources affected (p<0.05) the AID of gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein, SDF and hemicellulose, the hindgut disappearance and ATTD of dietary fiber components, the lactate and propionate concentrations in ileal digesta and the butyrate, valerate and total SCFA concentrations in feces. There were interactions (p<0.05) between BW and fiber sources on the AID of GE, OM, EE, SDF, hemicellulose, the ATTD of EE, TDF, and IDF, and the hindgut disappearance of SDF and hemicellulose. Conclusion: Increasing BW mainly improved the digestibility of dietary fiber fractions, and the dietary fiber sources influenced the digestibility of almost all the dietary nutrients in growing pigs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2001

Much attention has been given to the role of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed in preventing and treating osteroporosis recently. Although numerous studies were done on effects of safflower oil, no attention was given to the role of dietary fiber of safflower seeds. This study was aimed at investigating physiological significance of defatted safflower seed as a source of dietary fiber. Sprague Dawley female rats were assigned one of 5 groups: ovariectomized control (Ovx-control) group and ovariectomized rats 15% (Ovx-ss15) and 30% defatted safflower seed (Ovx-SS30), sham-operated (Sham) group and a normal group. Cholesterol was supplemented to all diets at 0.5% except the normal diet. Ovariectomized rats were pair-fed isocalorically to the Sham group. Ovariectomy caused heavier body weight, but feeding 30% safflower seed brought back to the level of Sham group. Activities of disaccharidases of jejunal mucosa were significantly lowered in Ovx-control group compared to those of Sham, and supplementation of safflower seed tended to increase the activities. Fecal weight of Ovx-SS15 and Ovx-SS30 were almost twice as those of Ovx-control Sham. Propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations per g of feces of Ovx-SS15 and daily excretion of these fatty acids were significantly increased as compared to those of Sham and Ovx-control. In concentration defatted safflower seed supplementation significantly increased fecal bulk and short chain fatty acid production in large intestine of rats.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.358-369
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• 1997

우리나라 주요 사망원인중의 하나가 되고 있는 혈관질환의 주된 위험인자로 고콜레스테롤 혈증이 지적되고 있다. 콜레스테롤 저하효과가 있는 식이 인자에는 단백질의 종류, 지방의 종류와 양, 식이섬유, 우유, 칼슘, flavonoid 등이 있다. 특히 수용성 식이 섬유의 콜레스테롤 저하효과는 현저하며 동물실험과 인체실험을 통하여 확인되었다. 혈장 콜레스테롤 저하효과가 현저한 식이섬유에는 psyllium husk, pectin, oat fiber, guar gum, sodium alginate 등이 있으며, 농도에 비례하여 그 효과가 커지는 것은 아닌듯하다. 수용성 식이섬유의 콜레스테롤 저하효과에 대한 정확한 기작은 알려져 있지 않으나 몇 가지 가설이 제시되고 있다. 첫째, 식이섬유가 장에서 점성용액을 형성하여 지질 흡수를 저해함으로써 혈장과 간 콜레스테롤 농도를 낮춘다는 것이며, 둘째, 체내 콜레스테롤이 체외로 배설되는 유일한 경로인 담즙산의 소장흡수를 방해하고 변으로의 배설을 증가시켜 체내 콜레스테롤 pool 크기를 감소시킨다는 것이다. 세째, 대장미생물에 의해 생성된 식이섬유의 발효부산물인 short chain fatty acids가 콜레스테롤의 합성을 저해한다는 것이다. 이외에도 여러 가설들이 제시되고 있으며, 이러한 가설들이 서로 상호 배제적인 것은 아니며, 단독으로 혹은 복합적으로 작용하는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.269-275
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• 1989

현율무, 율무쌀, 율무겨 그리고 현염주를 시료로 하여 일반성분, 총 식이섬유 함량, acid detergent fiber 함량, lignin 함량, 수분 결합력, 아미노산 조성 및 중성지질 조성 등을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 율무쌀의 총 식이섬유량은 2.70% 였고, 현율무는 3.86% 였으며 현염주는 4.33% 그리고 율무겨는 13.12%였다. Acid detergent fiber 양은 율무쌀이 1.81%로 가장 낮았고 현율무, 현염주는 각각 3.45%, 3.26%로 비슷한 값이었다. 율무겨에서 추출한 총 식이섬유와 acid detergent fiber 의 수분 결합력을 측정하여 비교한 바 총 식이섬유의 수분 결합력은 $2.63{\pm}0.02g\;H_2O/g\;TDF$로 매우 낮았고, acid detergent fiber의 수분 결합력은 $5.89{\pm}0.152g\;H_2O/g\;ADF$였다. 율무쌀, 현율무, 현염주 그리고 율무겨의 아미노산 조성은 glutamic acid 함량이 가장 높았고 다음이 leucine 이었으며, 율무쌀의 경우 leucine 의 chemical score는 189로 매우 높았으며 반면에 lysine의 chemical score는 22-32 사이로 매우 낮아 율무, 염주의 제한 아미노산이 되었다. 지질성분은 중성지질이 80.89%-96.55% 범위로 대부분을 차지했고, 당지질이 2.35%-7.48% 사이로 현염주의 당지질 함량이 가장 낮았다. 인지질은 함량이 매우 낮아서 1.10%-2.12% 범위였다. 각 지질 성분의 지방산 조성은 palmitic acid, oleic acid 그리고 linoleic acid 였으며 현염주를 제외하고는 조성상에 크게 차이가 나지 않았다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.592-602
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• 2005

This study was conducted to compare nutrient intakes regarding stages of change in dietary fiber increasing behavior. Subjects were consisted of healthy 383 college students (2S0 females and 133 males) in Kyunggi-Do. Stages of change classified by an algorithm based on 6 items were designed each subjects into one of the 5 stages: precontemplation (PC), contemplation (CO), preparation (PR), action (AC), maintenance (MA). Nutrient intakes were assessed by 24-hr recall method. Regarding the S stages of changes, PR stage comprised the largest group $(39.4\%)$, followed by AC $(33.7\%)$, MA$(14.6\%)$, PC$(7.6\%)$, CO$(34.7\%)$. Female were more belong to either AC or MA. The higher stage of change in dietary fiber increasing behavior, the higher self-efficacy. In all male and female, there were no differences in energy, protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol intakes across the 5 stages. But, fiber, postassuim (K), vitamin A and vitamin C intakes of AC or MA were higer than those of PC, CO and PR $Energy\%$ from fat of $PR(25.4\~26.5\%)$ was higher than $20\%$, and those of AC and MA was lower than the other groups. Dietary P/S and ${\varepsilon}6/{\varepsilon}$ 3 ratios of AC and MA were similar to the recommended ratio. Female of PR had the most total saturated fat and palmitic acid and those of MA had the least. Male of PR had the least $\alpha-LNA\;({\varepsilon}3)$ and total ${\varepsilon}3$ fatty acids and those of MA had the most. In male and female in AC or MA, fiber and K intakes from breakfast, dinner and snack and vitamin C intakes from all meals were higher than those of the other stages. These results of our study confirm differences in stages of change in fiber intake in terms of nutritional status. To have lower $energy\%$ from fat, higher intakes of K, fiber and vitamins, desirable ratio of dietary fatty acids, it needs consistent nutritional education leading to the AC or MA of fiber increasing behavior.