• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1398-1408
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• 2003

Tensile and LCF(low cycle fatigue) tests were carried out in air at wide temperature range 20$^{\circ}C$-750$^{\circ}C$ and strain rates of 1${\times}$10$\^$-4//s-1${\times}$10$\^$-2/ to ascertain the influence of strain rate on tensile and LCF properties of prior cold worked 316L stainless steel, especially focused on the DSA(dynamic strain aging) regime. Dynamic strain aging induced the change of tensile properties such as strength and ductility in the temperature region 250$^{\circ}C$-600$^{\circ}C$ and this temperature region well coincided with the negative strain rate sensitivity regime. Cyclic stress response at all test conditions was characterized by the initial hardening during a few cycles, followed by gradual softening until final failure. Temperature and strain rate dependence on cyclic softening behavior appears to result from the change of the cyclic plastic deformation mechanism and DSA effect. The DSA regimes between tensile and LCF loading conditions in terms of the negative strain rate sensitivity were well consistent with each other. The drastic reduction in fatigue resistance at elevated temperature was observed, and it was attributed to the effects of oxidation, creep and dynamic strain aging or interactions among them. Especially, in the DSA regime, dynamic strain aging accelerated the reduction of fatigue resistance by enhancing crack initiation and propagation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1153-1157
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• 2013

증기터빈의 터빈 블레이드는 발전소 핵심설비 중 하나로, 로터의 디스크에 결합되어 회전함으로 써 증기 에너지를 기계적 에너지로 변환시켜주는 역할을 하고 있다. 최근 터빈의 잦은 기동정지로 인해 블레이드 회전에 따른 원심하중이 반복적 작용하고 이에 따른 저압 증기터빈 최종단 블레이드의 손상이 자주 보고되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 터빈 블레이드에 발생되는 손상을 분석하여 블레이드에 발생되는 저주기 피로수명을 평가하였다. 증기터빈 최종단 블레이드의 균열발생 수명을 결정하기 위해 유한요소법으로 계산한 탄성응력에 Neuber's rule을 적용하여 진변형율 진폭을 계산하였으며, 예측된 수명과 블레이드 실제 기동정지횟수가 잘 일치됨을 보였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.765-770
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• 2017

Ni기 초내열합금인 GTD111 DS는 가스터빈 블레이드에 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 실제 운전조건과 유사한 조건을 설정하여 GTD111 DS의 저주기 피로시험을 실시하였다 상온, $760^{\circ}C$, $870^{\circ}C$의 온도범위와 다양한 변형률에서 저주기 피로시험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 총 변형률이 증가함에 따라 피로수명은 감소하였다. 상온 및 $760^{\circ}C$에서는 주기적 경화반응이 나타났으며 $870^{\circ}C$에서는 주기적 연화반응이 나타났다. $870^{\circ}C$에서 응력완화 현상은 유지시간에 따른 크리프의 영향으로 나타났다. 피로수명과 총 변형률의 관계는 Coffin-Manson 식을 통해 얻었다. 파단면은 SEM을 통해 초기균열 및 피로진전지역을 관찰하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.153-174
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• 2012

Micromechanical facture models can be used to predict ductile fracture in steel structures. In order to calibrate the parameters in the micromechanical models for the largely used Q345 steel in China, uniaxial tensile tests, smooth notched tensile tests, cyclic notched bar tests, scanning electron microscope tests and finite element analyses were conducted in this paper. The test specimens were made from base metal, deposit metal and heat affected zone of Q345 steel to investigate crack initiation in welded steel connections. The calibrated parameters for the three different locations of Q345 steel were compared with that of the other seven varieties of structural steels. It indicates that the toughness index parameters in the stress modified critical strain (SMCS) model and the void growth model (VGM) are connected with ductility of the material but have no correlation with the yield strength, ultimate strength or the ratio of ultimate strength to yield strength. While the damage degraded parameters in the degraded significant plastic strain (DSPS) model and the cyclic void growth model (CVGM) and the characteristic length parameter are irrelevant with any properties of the material. The results of this paper can be applied to predict ductile fracture in welded steel connections.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2007

Steam generator tubes are degraded from wear, stress corrosion cracking, rupture and fatigue and so on. Therefore, the failure assessment of steam generator tube is very important for the integrity of energy plants. In the steam generator tubes, sometimes, the local wall thinning may result from severe degradations such as erosion-corrosion damage and wear due to vibration. In this paper, the elasto-plastic analysis was performed by FE code ANSYS on steam generator tubes with wall thinning. Also, the four-point bending tests were performed on the wall thinned specimens, and then it was compared with the analysis results. We evaluated the failure mode, fracture strength and fracture behavior from the experiment and FE analysis. Also, it was possible to predict the crack initiation point by estimating true fracture ductility under multi-axial stress conditions at the center of the thinned area from FE analysis.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1259-1268
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• 1995

The stress distribution around micro holes and the behavior of stress interaction between micro holes are considerd in the study. Several conclusions are extracted as follows : (1) The stress interaction varies with the distance e between micro holes. When the two micro holes are spaced in such a manner that theri two closest points are separated by a distance of micro hole radius (e=1), stress distribution is affected by a opposite micro hole in all the closest region. In addition, if two closest points are seperated by twice the distance of a micro hole radius (e=2), stress distribution is affected by a opposite micro hole in the region of -0.8.leq.x/r.leq.0.8 and the interaction effect can be neglected for e=4. (2)If the depth becomes larger than the radius, or the radius varies, the shape and magnitude of stress distribution around micro holes varies. (3) Hoop stress around a micro hole for the two dimensional configuration is larger than that of the three dimensional micro hole located on the surface of material for .theta. < 60.deg., but it is reversed for .theta > 60.deg.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2006

The cold expansion method (CEM) is one of the widely used a method to improve the fatigue behavior of materials in aerospace industry. Such improvement is due to the compressive residual stress developed when a tapered mandrel goes through the fastener holes a little smaller than the mandrel. CEM is retarded of crack initiation due to the compressive residual stress developed on the hole surface. Many researchers are studied a finite element analysis of residual stress around fastener hole. But in case of real model, fastener hole has a clamping force after CE. Therefore, it is respected that residual stress distributions should be changed due to clamping forces. In this paper, it was performed finite element analysis of residual stress by clamping force after CE in the plate having adjacent holes. From this study, it has been found that compressive residual stress near the hole increases according to clamping force. Also, the more increase clamping force, the more increases compressive residual stress. However, tensile residual stress increase beyond clamping force area.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권5호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2020

In the present study, the fracture toughness of U-shaped notches made of aluminum alloy Al7075-T6 under combined tension/out-of-plane shear loading conditions (mixed mode I/III) is studied by theoretical and experimental methods. In the experimental part, U-notched test samples are loaded using a previously developed fixture under mixed mode I/III loading and their load-carrying capacity (LCC) is measured. Then, due to the presence of considerable plasticity in the notch vicinity at crack initiation instance, using the Equivalent Material Concept (EMC) and with the help of the point stress (PS) and mean stress (MS) brittle failure criteria, the LCC of the tested samples is predicted theoretically. The EMC equates a ductile material with a virtual brittle material in order to avoid performing elastic-plastic analysis. Because of the very good match between the EMC-PS and EMC-MS combined criteria with the experimental results, the use of the combination of the criteria with EMC is recommended for designing U-notched aluminum plates in engineering structures. Meanwhile, because of nearly the same accuracy of the two criteria and the simplicity of the PS criterion relations, the use of EMC-PS failure model in design of notched Al7075-T6 components is superior to the EMC-MS criterion.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2018

In this paper, specimen tests with simulated large seismic conditions have been carried out to investigate damage characteristics such as structural deformation and crack initiation under seismic loading. The mechanical behavior of the specimens is predicted by numerical simulations and the strain-based damage evaluations are performed. Finite element analyses of the specimens under the simulated seismic loading at room and operating temperatures were carried out for low alloy steel and stainless steel materials. Peak strain amplitude, cumulative fatigue damage and cumulative strain limit damage are calculated considering the nature of cyclic loading. In all cases, the allowable damage criteria are exceeded at the time of observing cracks visually in the tests. Therefore, it is confirmed that the material behavior due to the large seismic loads can be predicted by the numerical method and the structural damage of the materials can be evaluated conservatively based on the strain criteria.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

WLCSP(wafer level chip size package)는 웨이퍼 레벨에서 패키지 공정이 이루어지는 차세대 패키지 중 하나이다. WLCSP는 웨이퍼 레벨에서 패키지 공정이 이루어진다는 특징으로 인하여 웨이퍼당 생산되는 반도체 칩의 수에 따라 그 패키징 비용을 크게 줄일 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 응력 버퍼 역할을 하는 기판을 없애는 혁신적인 구조로 인하여 솔더 조인트의 신뢰성이 기존의 BGA 패키지에 비하여 취약하게 되는데, 이러한 솔더 조인트 신뢰성에 대하여 반도체 칩과 솔더볼을 연결하는 폴리머 절연층은 열팽창계수 차이에 의해 발생하는 응력을 흡수하는 중요한 역할을 하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 하이닉스에서 개발한 Omega-CSP를 사용하여 솔더볼 배열 변화와 제 1 절연층의 특성에 따른 솔더 조인트의 열피로 특성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 절연층의 특성 변화가 솔더 조인트의 열피로 특성에 주는 영향은 솔더볼 배열 구조에 따라 변화되는 것을 확인하였다.