• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.474-483
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• 2016

Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) is a mixture of quercetin glycodsides consisting of isoquercitrin and its ${\alpha}-glucosylated$ derivatives containing one to seven additional linear glucose moieties. The aim of this study was to assess whether or not EMIQ attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced body weight gain and changes in plasma indices of obesity in mice. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed chow diet, HFD, and HFD containing 1.2% EMIQ for 10 weeks. EMIQ significantly (P<0.05) reduced body weight gain (-21%), total visceral fat-pad weights (-31%), and plasma levels of triglycerides (-17%), total cholesterol (-19%), and free fatty acids (-26%) in HFD-fed mice. EMIQ significantly increased protein kinase A (PKA) expression in the epididymal adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. Expression of adipogenesis-related genes significantly decreased, whereas expression of fatty acid oxidation-related and thermogenesis-related genes increased in epididymal adipose tissue of EMIQ-fed mice compared with HFD-fed mice. These results suggest that the protective effects of EMIQ against HFD-induced adiposity in mice appear to be associated with PKA-mediated signaling cascades involved in adipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and thermogenesis in adipose tissue.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.819-828
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• 1993

The reaction of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are important in cholesterol esterification and transfer for the reverse cholesterol transport(RCT) system. The purpose of this study were to assess the effects of fatty acid unsaturation on RCT system. After 12 female human subjects consumed a prescribed high saturated fat diet prior to the period, two groups of six subjects were provided with a high PUFA(corn oil) or a high SFA(butter) as major fats in a 40 en % fat diet. Butter feeding increased plasma total-(34%), esterified-(96%), HDL_3$-(23%), LDL-(20%), and VLDL plus LDL(35%) cholesterol while corn oil feeding decreased esterified-(25%), LDL(15%) cholesterol and TG(27%). There were significant differences of fats on total-(p=0.0001), esterified-(p=0.0001), total HDL-(p=0.005), $HDL_2$-(p=0.01)and LDL-(p=0.0001) cholesterol. LCAT activity did not change during the period but highly correlated to apo A-I in HDL which was increased in the corn oil group. The 2.5 fold increased CETP activity in the butter group during the period might be related to changes in plasma VLDL plus LDL cholesterol level which were increased in the butter group.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of invasive low level laser acupuncture therapy(LLLAT) at Yolgyol+yogu(LU7+LR5) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, lipid metabolism and liver function in hyperlipemia rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet cup(Control group), high fat diet and 15 mW/5 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(15 mW/5 min group), 15 mW/10 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(15 mW/10 min group), 30 mW/5 min LLLAT at LU7+LRS(30 mW/5 min group), 30 mW/10 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(30 mW/10 min group). LLLAT was treated at the 15,30mW-5,10min once a 2day during 5 weeks. Results : Body weight was decreased significantly in 30 mW/s min group and 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. Food intake was decreased significantly in 15 mW/5 min group and 15 mW/10 min group compared with control group. Food efficiency was decreased significantly in 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. In the lipid metabolism, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and free fatty acid were increased significantly in 15 mW/5 min group and 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. LDL-cholesterol was increased in 30 mW/10 min group and phospholipids was decreased significantly in all experimental group compared with control group. triglyceride was not showed significant result in all experimental group. In the liver function, AST was not showed significant result in all experimental group, ALT and ALP were increased significantly in 30 mW/10 min group, ALP was decreased in 30 mW/5 min group compared with control group. Conclusions : LLLAT at LU7 and LR5 can manage hyperlipemia by controlling body weight, food intake, food efficiency ratio and lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.896-902
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• 2003

The present study was carried out to investigate the antiobesity effects of Platycodon grndiflorum extract on body weight changes and serum lipid composition of rats fed high fat diet. The Platycodon grandiflorum has been widely used as a folk food in the Orient for many centuries. We had experiment with Platycodon grandiflorum extract in order to find cure effects for obesty. The changes of the body weights in Platycodon ggrandiflorum extract treatment group showed a decrease in comparison with control group. Weekly body weights of PG group are respectively 243.7$\pm$2.0g, 283.5$\pm$4.3 g, 310.5$\pm$6.5 g, 333.2$\pm$7.5 g, 361.0$\pm$10.4 g, 390.5$\pm$11.5 g, 436.0$\pm$11.8 g, 454.4$\pm$11.4 g, 484.4$\pm$10.1 g. Body weight of PC groups are decreased compared with those of control group, but the rates are not significant. Total cholesterol of PG group(77.2$\pm$3.3 mg/dl) is decreased by 7.0% compared with that of control group. Serum triglyceride of PG group(103.6$\pm$9.0mg/dl) is decreased by 21.1% compared with that of control group. Serum free fatty acid of PG group(630.1$\pm$45.9 $\mu$Eq/l) is decreased by 19.6% .compared with that of control group. Total lipid amount of PG group(393.6$\pm$23.7 mg/dl) is decreased by 9.1% compared with that of control group. The above results suggest that Platycodon grandiflorum extract could prevent or cure metabolic diseases by preventing hyperlipemia caused by high fat diet.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

This study investigated the effect of different dietary fats and fibers on colon tumor incidence and cell proliferation, the levels of eicosanoids and polyamines in colonic mucosa of DMH-treated rats. The experiment was conducted on male Sprague Dawley rats using a 2 $\times$3 factorial design with two fats (corn oil and DHA-rich fish oil) and two fibers (cellulose and pectin) and a fiber-free control. The rats were find an experimental diet containing 15% (w/w) dietary fat and 6% (w/w) fiber for 25 weeks. Tumor incidence was Bower in rats fed fish oil as opposed to corn oil. The levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosanoids ($PGE_2, and TXB_2$) in normal colonic mucosa were significantly lower in rats fed fish oil and there was a concomitant increase of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The levels of eicosanoids and AA in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those of normal colonic mucosa. The level of polyamines in normal colonic mucosa was not affected by dietary fats but was significantly lower than that in rumor tissues. Dietary fiber did not have a significant effect on rumor incidence and the levels of AA, eicosanoids and polyamines. Overall, fish oil rich in DHA reduced cell prolifiration and thus inhibited colon carcinogenesis through its effect on the distribution of AA and production of eicosanoids in normal colonic mucosa. However, its effect on colon carcinogenesis revealed a lack of consistency depending on the type of dietary fiber in diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 1987

Thirty mael Sprague Dawley rats of 3 weeks of age were adopted to investigate changes in nutritive quality of the traditional, fermented soybean foods, Meju and Chungkugjang prepared by culturing with Aspergillus oryzae and the rice straw, respectively. The levels of each dietary protein were set at 10% . The effect of supplementation of fermented soybean on the rat diet was evaluated by measuring growth rate, feed efficiency. weight of the pancreas and biological values, such as NPU, PER and NPR on day 10. After incubation of soybean with Aspergilllus oryzae and the rice straw, the contents of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were increased, but the levels of crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract were reduced. The amounts of feed intake, body weight gain an feed efficiency were greater for the rats fed dietscontaining heated unfermented soybeans or Meju compared to rats fed the diet containing raw soybeans. Pancreating enlargement was observed in the rats fed diets containing raw soybeans. The values of NPR and PER in rats fed diets containing Meju and Chungkugjang were significantly higher than those of rats fed diets containing raw soybeans. The values of NPU in rats fed diets containing raw soybans, heated unfermeted soybeans. Meju and Chungkugjang were 39.40%, 40.60%, 45.00% and 46.205, respectively, demonstrating no significant differences.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 1995

For studying the effect of different dietary fats on carcinogenesis, fatty acid composition of membrane and lipid peroxidation were measured. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diet containing 15%(w/w) beef tallow or soybean oil. A single dose of 50 mg 2-AAF/kg B.W. was injected i.p. in each diet group 10 times. Rats were sacrifled after 1, 5, 10, and 15 weeks from the first injection. By 2-AAF injection, !ipid peroxidation increased slightly compared to control group. The rats fed on different fats had similar MDA production and those fed on soybean oil had slightly higher free radical concentration measured by ESR. In young rats, iipid peroxidation level was high and hydroxy radical production was higher in soybean oil group than in beef tallow group. With age, the lipid peroxidation values were decreased initially then increased. The fatty acid composition in microsomal membrane was reflected by dietary fatty acid composition. In soybean oil group, monoenoic acid was lower and polyunsaturated fatty acid was higher than beef tallow group. Linoleic acid contents showed the most discrepancy among groups. By 2-AAF treatment, iinoleic acid content and unsaturation index increased in soybean oil group. But in beef tallow group, there was no difference in fatty acid contents.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the Effect of soybean oil, dried palm oil powder and monoglyceride supplementation on growth performance and serum lipid changes in weaned pigs. One hundred twenty five cross-bred pigs((Y×L)×D, 6.00±0.79kg average initial BW) were used in a 21 d growth trial. Dietary treatments included SOY(containing 5% soybean oil), PALM(containing 5.5% dried palm oil powder) and SOPM0, 12.5 and 25(containing 2.5% soybean oil and 2.7% dried palm oil powder containing 0%, 12.5% and 25.0% monoglyceride, respectively). For the whole period, ADFI was increased in dried palm oil powder containing monoglyceride and PALM treatments compared with SOY and SOPM0 treatment(P<0.05). ADG and G/F were not affected by treatments. Digestibility of fat was higher(P<0.05) for pigs fed SOY diet than fed other diets. SOPM diets containing monoglyceride showed increased fat digestibility compared with PALM diet(P<0.05). SOPM12.5 and SOPM25 treatments were no difference with SOY treatment. However, there were no significant differences in digestibilities of DM, N and DE(P>0.05). Backfat thicknesses were not significantly different among treatments. Pigs fed SOY diet was decreased in serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total lipid and was increased in free fatty acid than those fed other diet. Also, triglyceride concentration in serum was increased in PALM treatment compared with SOPM treatment(P=0.06). In conclusion, feeding soybean oil in weaned pigs showed higher fat digestibility and lower cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in serum than feeding only dried palm oil powder. Also, pigs fed monoglyceride were improved fat digestibility compared with those fed dried palm oil powder only.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.586-592
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of Stevia rebaudian bertoni leaf extract on lipid profiles in C57BL/6J mice, as compared to stevioside. Fourty mice were divided into four groups: NC (normal diet and DW), HC (high fat diet and DW), HLSV (high fat diet and stevia leaf extract, 1 mL/kg/day), and HSS (high fat diet and stevioside, 1 mL/kg/day). Serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the HLSV and HSS groups than in the HC group. Epididymal fat pad weights were significantly lower in the HLSV and HSS groups than in the HC group. We also evaluated the serum and liver carnitine levels (NEC, AIAC, ASAC, TCNE) of all the groups. These results were supported by the mRNA expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism (ACC, PPAR${\alpha}$, ACS, CPT-I) assessed by RT-PCR. Overall, the results show the antiobesity effects of stevia leaf extract as compared to stevioside in high fat diet induced obese mice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.247-251
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of onion extract on growth performance, meat quality and blood profiles of White mini broilers. Total of 600 one-d-old male White mini broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed control diets (non-medicated commercial diet or antibiotics medicated) or experimental diets (non-medicated diets containing 0.3% or 0.5% onion extract) for 5 wks. The final body weight (BW) and weight gain of the group fed non-medicated control diet were lower than those of medicated control group (p<0.01). The chicks fed diet with 0.3% or 0.5% onion extract showed a similar BW to that of medicated control group. The relative weight of various organs, such as liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, abdominal fat, and the activities of serum enzymes were not affected by dietary treatments. There were no significant differences in meat color among groups. Whereas, groups fed diets containing onion extract had slightly lower cooking loss and higher shear force value, but not significantly. The concentrations of serum free cholesterol and triacylglycerol in groups fed diet containing onion extract were significantly decreased compared with those of controls (p<0.01). In conclusion, the onion extracts exerted a growth-promoting effect when added in White mini broiler diets, reflecting potential alternative substances to replace antibiotics.