• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.90-99
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• 2017

Fish muscles are classified into white and red muscles, and the chemical composition of the two fish muscles have many differences. Few reports have assessed the health-promoting functions of white fish muscle proteins (WFP) and red fish muscle proteins (RFP). We therefore evaluated the mechanisms underlying the alteration of lipid profiles and cholesterol metabolism following the intake of WFP prepared from cod and RFP prepared from light muscles of tuna. Male Wistar rats were divided into six dietary groups: casein (23%), WFP (23%), and RFP (23%), with or without 0.5% cholesterol and 0.1% sodium cholate. Compared to the WFP-containing diet, the RFP-containing diet supplemented with cholesterol and sodium cholate significantly increased serum and liver cholesterol contents. However, in the RFP groups, an alteration in cholesterol metabolism including an increased tendency to excrete fecal sterols and hepatic cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase was related to the reduction of hepatic cholesterol contents. This phenomenon might be related to the tendency of an increased food intake in RFP-containing diets. These results highlight the differential effects of WFP and RFP on serum and liver lipid profiles of Wistar rats fed non-cholesterol- or cholesterol-containing diets under no fasting condition.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2010

To identify the treatment effect of lactic acid bacteria for diabetes, the treatment effects of a single administration of acarbose (a diabetes treatment drug) or lactic acid bacteria, and the mixture of acarbose and lactic acid bacteria on diabetes in a type 1 diabetes animal model, were studied. In this study, streptozotocin was inoculated into a Sprague-Dawley rat to induce diabetes, and sham control (Sham), diabetic control (STZ), STZ and composition with live cell, STZ and composition with heat killed cell, STZ and composition with drugs (acarbose) were orally administered. Then the treatment effect on diabetes was observed by measuring the body weight, blood glucose, and serum lipid. For the histopathological examination of the pancreas, the Langerhans islet of the pancreas was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the renal cortex, outer medullar, and inner medullar were also observed. The induced diabetes decreased the body weight, and the fasting blood glucose level decreased in the lactic-acid-bacteria-administered group and the mixture-administered group. In addition, the probiotic resulted in the greatest decrease in the serum cholesterol level, which is closely related to diabetes. Also, the hematoxylin and eosin staining of the Langerhans islet showed that the reduction in the size of the Langerhans islet slowed in the lactic-acid-bacteria-administered group. The histopathological examination confirmed that the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy decreased in the group to which viable bacteria and acarbose were administered, unlike in the group to which dead bacteria was administered. The mixture of lactic acid bacteria and acarbose and the single administration of lactic acid bacteria or acarbose had treatment effects on the size of the Langerhans islet and of the kidney histopathology. Thus, it is believed that lactic acid bacteria have treatment effects on diabetes and can be used as supplements for the treatment of diabetes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.451-458
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• 1990

고혈압 증세를 나타내는 정상체중과 비만의 SHR/Mcc-cp 숫쥐들에게 0.001% estrone 식이를 생후 6주부터 18주까지 투여하고, 매주 일회 24시간 금식 시키는 동안 뇨를 채취하여 뇨단백량을 측정하였다. Estrone 식이를 시작하기 직전에는 정상체중의 쥐와 비만의 주 모두에게서, estrone 식이군과 대조군 사이에 뇨단백량이 있어서, 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나, 정상체중의 쥐에게서, estrone 투여후 1주부터 estrone 식이군의 뇨단백량이 내조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 비만인 쥐도 estrone 식이후 1주부터 estrone 식이 군의 뇨단백량이 대조군에 비해 현저하게 낮아지기 시작해서 제 5주부터는 유의한 차이가 보였다. 그러므로, 0.001% estrone 식이가 성장기의 정상체중과 비만의 SHR/Mcc-cp 숫쥐들의 단백뇨 상태를 호전시킴을 발견했다. 또한, SHr/Mcc-cp 쥐들이 13주령 이전에는 정상체중의 쥐들이 비만인 쥐들보다, 더 높은 뇨단백량을 보였으나, 그이후부터 18주 사이의 주령에는 정상체중의 쥐와 비만의 쥐들 사이에는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 그러므로, SHR/Mcc-cp 쥐에게 있어서, 비만증 자체가 단백뇨 증세를 악화시키는 요인이 아님을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2024

Objectives : Jeopgoltang (JGT) is a new Korean herbal medicine formulation that is used to treat bone fractures. Although JGT is frequently used in clinical practice, there is a lack of scientific evidence on its safety. This study aimed to evaluate the preclinical toxicity of JGT using a single oral dose toxicity test in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods : Five male and female rats per group were orally administered 1,250, 2,500, or 5,000 mg/kg of JGT after fasting for 12 h. Mortality and changes in clinical signs, body weight, and necropsy findings were monitored for 14 days according to the guidelines of the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Results : No significant clinical signs or mortality were observed after a single administration of up to 5,000 mg/kg. In addition, no significant necropsy findings related to JGT administration were observed. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results suggest that approximate Lethal Dose (ALD) of JGT on SD rats is over 5,000 mg/kg.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.552-561
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• 2023

The endocrinology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its predisposing factors have been studied extensively while its skeletal effects have received negligible research despite this being a global disease. The cellular and molecular association between proximal humeral fractures and T2D has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to study bone cell quantities and immunolabel osteogenic and antiosteogenic cytokines. The study used 12-week-old rats (23 males) consisting of 8 Sprague Dawley (SD) and 15 Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley (ZDSD). Weekly mass measurements were taken while fasting blood glucose levels were recorded every 2 weeks with oral glucose tolerance tests conducted once every 4 weeks. Upon termination at the age of 28 weeks, humeri were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, prior to decalcification in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The bone samples were then processed in ascending grades of alcohol using an automatic processor before embedding in paraffin wax. Sections were cut at 5 ㎛ thickness in a series for Haematoxylin and Eosin stain, and immunohistochemistry was performed with the anti-tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), anti-alkaline phosphatase (ALP), anti-bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3), anti-transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), anti-aged glycation end product (AGE) antibodies in the sequence. ZDSD rats had more adipocytes, BMP3 and AGEs expression with higher numbers of TRAP positive osteocytes and fewer ALP cells although no differences were found in TGFβ1 immunopositivity. We also found that T2D increases the number of AGEs immuno-positive cells, as well as its extracellular expression, thus providing a conducive environment for the interaction of the osteogenic cytokine and its antagonist to suppress osteoblastogenesis. ZDSD groups had higher adipocyte numbers therefore increased marrow adiposity in T2D.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.122-136
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• 2023

Depression is a prevalent global problem since ages, predominately treated with SSRI. Cipralex, is an antidepressant of the SSRIs class used as a remedy for mood, depression and anxiety. Silymarin (SIL), a natural free radical scavenging, has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This hypothesis evaluates, for the first time, the role of cipralex on the structure of the endocrine and exocrine components of the pancreas and assess the beneficial effects of SIL on these changes. Forty-five rats were divided into control, cipralex, and cipralex plus SIL groups. During sacrifice, all rats and pancreases were weighed and the ratio of pancreatic weight (PW) to rat weight (RW) was calculated, blood samples were collected to estimate fasting glucose, insulin and amylase levels, the specimens were prepared for histological, immunohistochemical (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], caspase 3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], and anti-insulin antibody), and morphometrical studies. Cipralex group exhibited marked destruction of the pancreatic architecture of the exocrine and endocrine parts, with a dense collagen fiber deposition. Also, there is highly significant decrease (P<0.001) of PW/RT ratio, insulin, and amylase levels, the number and diameter of islets of Langerhans, the number of PCNA positive immunoreactive cells, and the number of insulin positive β-cells. Furthermore, a highly significant increase of glucose level, iNOS, TNF-α, and caspase-3 positive immunoreactive cells in the islets of Langerhans and acinar cells were observed. SIL improves the pancreatic histological architecture, weight loss, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses. Administering SIL is advantageous in managing cipralex induced pancreatic injury via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic qualities.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate extract from mixed culture with Trichloloma matsutake mycelium in oriental medicine and cereal medium(OCM) to develop new material for pharmaceutical products and medicinal food for diabetes mellitus. To evaluate of hypoglycemic activity of OCM extracts, we examined the inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidasein OCM, blood glucose level and liver function of streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rat. Experimental group was divided into 6 groups: first, it was divided into normal control group(hereafter NC group) and diabetes-induced group, and diabetes-induced group was subdivided into diabetic control group(DC group), treated by hot water extracts group(HE), ultra sonic waves, micro waves, and micro bubble extracts g roup(UE), crude polysaccharide of HE group (HEE) and crude polysaccharide of UE group(UEE) at a dose of 300mg/kg/body weight, respectively. In diabetic-induced groups, after streptozotocin was melted in 0.01M citrate buffer at 50mg/kg/body weight, when the non-fasting blood glucose levelwas 300 mg/dl or more in blood collected from the tail vein, it was regarded as diabetic induction and then such diabetic-induced experimental animals were used in this experiment. At the end of the experiment, blood glucose level increased by 4.19% in DC group but significantly decreased by 32.34%, 19.19%, 17.81% and 17.64%, respectively in UEEE, UE, HE, and HEE groups. In the cases of AST, ALT, and ALP, the experiment group treated with extracts showed significantly lowerblood glucose level than DC group. The levels of BUN and uric acid were found to be lower in the UMPM extract group(UE) than HW extract group(HE), which implies that herb medicine medium extracts in which Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured are effective in reducing impaired liver function as well as high blood glucose level caused by diabetes. In addition, the administration of low temperature UMPM extracts was found to produce better results than that of high temperature hot water extracts. In this regard, it is expected that extracts from herb medicine obtained by cultivating Tricholoma matsutake mycelia will be widely used as new ingredients for foods and medicines for prevention and treatment of diabetes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1554-1559
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• 2008

STZ를 이용한 당뇨유발은 독성물질에 의한 췌장 세포의 파괴를 인위적으로 유도시킴으로써 일정하게 고혈당을 유지 시켜주는 방법이다. 장기적인 고혈당은 인슐린의 민감도를 감소시키고 췌장기능을 저하시키며 잠재적으로는 당뇨병의 악화 및 심혈관 합병증을 유도한다(28,29). 이에 본 연구에서는 STZ로 당뇨를 유발한 흰쥐에 AD복합물을 단회 및 반복 투여한 후 혈당변화에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 AD복합물의 단회 투여에서 시간별($0{\sim}4$시간)로 혈당변화가 관찰되었다. DC군의 공복혈당은 $437.3{\pm}28mg/dL$에서 3시간 후의 혈당이 $443.3{\pm}28mg/dL$로 거의 변화가 없었던 반면 AD1군은 $414.0{\pm}19mg/dL$에서 $358{\pm}35mg/dL$로 AD2군은 $401.0{\pm}28mg/dL$에서 $351{\pm}16mg/dL$로 혈당이 낮춰졌다. 또한 경구당부하 실험에서는 DC군에 비해 AD복합물 투여군이 포도당 투여 1시간 후의 혈당상승을 억제하고 빠른 속도로 원래의 혈당으로 회복시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과들이 AD복합물의 장기투여에서도 나타나는지 확인하기 위하여 STZ로 당뇨를 유발시킨 흰쥐에 4주 동안 AD복합물을 투여하고 1주마다 혈당변화를 측정한 결과 DC군은 4주 동안 투여 전(0주) 혈당인 $385{\pm}9mg/dL$를 마지막 주인 4주까지 $365{\pm}6mg/dL$로 꾸준히 비슷하게 유지한 반면, AD1군은 투여 전 혈당인 $349{\pm}9mg/dL$에서 $260{\pm}8mg/dL$로 감소한 것으로 나타났고 AD2군은 투여 전 혈당인 $430{\pm}10mg/dL$에서 $267{\pm}38mg/dL$로 공복 시 혈당저하 효능을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 AD복합물의 투여는 당뇨로 인한 체중감소를 억제하는 효과가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 체내의 당대사를 촉진시켜 공복혈당감소와 체중감소억제 효과가 나타난 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2010

STZ으로 당뇨를 유발 8주 후 당뇨대조군은 공복혈당이 $451{\pm}42.6\;mg/dL$인데 비해 Kocat-D1-1(Kocat-D1 추출물을 0.25 g/kg/day 투여한 군)에서는 $334.3{\pm}32.9\;mg/dL$, Kocat-D1-2(Kocat-D1 추출물을 1 g/kg/day 투여한 군)에서는 $259.5{\pm}35.0\;mg/dL$로 투여 농도에 의존적으로 당뇨대조군에 비해 유의적 수준으로 혈당이 낮아졌다. OGTT 검사에서도 180분 경과 후에도 당뇨대조군은 포도당 투여전보다 혈당이 $55.5{\pm}5.1\;mg/dL$ 높았으나 Kocat-D1-2는 $17.0{\pm}7.4\;mg/dL$로 유의적으로 낮아졌다. STZ에 의해 유도된 당뇨쥐는 정상대조군에 비해 혈장내의 GOT($411.3{\pm}31.3\;U/L$), GPT($162.3{\pm}23.2\;U/L$) 모두 현저히 증가하였다. 이에 비해 Kocat-D1-2 군에서는 GOT($247.0{\pm}33.4\;U/L$), GPT($116.3{\pm}17.4\;U/L$) 모두 유의적인 수준으로 당뇨대조군에 비해 감소하였다. 알부민 수치 또한 정상대조군 $3.9{\pm}0.1\;U/L$에 비해 당뇨대조군은 $2.7{\pm}0.3\;U/L$으로 낮아졌으나 Kocat-D1-2군에서는 $3.0{\pm}0.1\;U/L$로 증가하였다. HDL-콜레스테롤 수치 또한 정상대조군이 $26.8{\pm}3.9\;mg/dL$인데 비해 당뇨대조군은 $11.7{\pm}1.3\;mg/dL$로 낮아졌다. 그러나 Kocat-D1을 투여한 두 군 모두 각각 $22.3{\pm}2.0$, $26.8{\pm}1.2\;mg/dL$로 유의적인 수준으로 증가하였다. 간조직의 조직학적 관찰에서도 당뇨대조군의 경우 간세포사이에 지방구가 관찰되었으나, Kocat-D1-2는 거의 정상대조군과 유사하였으며 지방구를 관찰 할 수 없었다. 각 실험군의 혈액 중 인슐린 농도를 측정한 결과 정상대조군 $0.18{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$인데 비해 당뇨대조군은 $0.05{\pm}0.04\;ng/mL$로 낮아졌으나 Kocat-D1-1은 $0.11{\pm}0.05$, Kocat-D1-2는 $0.13{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$로 증가하였다. 췌장의 베타세포의 상대적 용적을 측정한 결과 Kocat-D1-2 군은 당뇨대조군의 $12.9{\pm}7.9%$에 비해 $49.4{\pm}4.2%$로 유의적인 수준으로 증가하였다. Kocat-D1-1군에서도 당뇨대조군보다 증가하는 경향은 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. Kocat-D1은 인슐린을 분비를 촉진시켜 혈당을 강하시키는 항당뇨효과를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 아직 명확한 학명 규명이 규명되지는 않았지만 Kocat-D1은 의약품 소재 및 기능성 식품 소재로서의 활용가능성이 있음을 본 연구를 통해 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1584-1591
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• 2008

클로렐라의 생리활성작용 중 인슐린작용 활성 및 항당뇨효능이 보고된 바 있으나 클로렐라 열수 추출물(Chlorella hot water extract, CE)에 의한 혈당치 조절에 관한 연구는 보고된 바 없다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 실험적인 당뇨유발물질 streptozotocin (STZ)을 성장기 SD계 수컷 흰쥐에 단회 복강 주사하여 당뇨를 유발시킨 CE 무첨가 STZ-Control군, CE 3% 첨가 STZ+CE3군 및 CE 6% 첨가 STZ+CE6군, 그리고 정상군(Normal군)으로 실험 설계하여 4주간 식이와 함께 물을 자유 급여하였다. 공복 및 비공복시 혈당치는 정상군보다 당뇨 대조군에서 현저히 증가하여 당뇨 유발이 확인되었고, 이러한 혈당치 증가는 클로렐라 열수 추출물 분말 3% 첨가 STZ+CE3군 및 6% 첨가 STZ+CE6군에서 각각 감소하였다. 혈중 인슐린 농도는 당뇨 대조군에서 낮게 나타났으나 클로렐라 열수 추출물 분말 첨가식이 투여군들에서 인슐린 농도 감소현상이 상쇄되었다. 또한 정상군보다 STZ- 당뇨 대조군에서 Fructosamine 및 뇨당이 증가하였으나, 클로렐라 추출물 투여 STZ+CE3군 및 STZ+CE6군에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 특히 이러한 효과는 클로렐라 열수 추출물 첨가농도 의존적이었다. 클로렐라 추출물 투여군에서 혈당치 감소의 기작을 검토하기 위하여 인슐린 합성과 분비에 관여하는 췌장의 췌도 베타세포의 면역반응에 의한 조직검사에서 정상군의 정상적인 둥근 모양의 형태를 잘 유지하고 있었으나, STZ-당뇨 대조군에서는 베타세포가 심하게 파괴되어 극소수 존재함으로서 면역 반응성이 매우 미약하였다. 그러나 클로렐라 열수 추출물 투여군에서 농도 의존적으로 베타세포가 많아지면서 정상군과 비슷한 췌도 세포의 형태를 유지하고 있었다. 클로렐라 열수 추출물은 STZ 에 의해 파괴된 베타세포를 회복시키는 효능이 강한 것으로 보여 진다. 이러한 결과는 클로렐라 열수 추출물에 의해 인슐린을 생산해 내는 췌도 베타세포가 회복됨에 따라 인슐린 증강 작용으로 혈당치 강하 효과가 실험 동물을 통하여 확인되었다.