• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.77-101
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• 2009

Organic farming in Korea has mainly focused on producing vegetables in plastic film house and cereals in paddy field. For high productivity of vegetables and cereals, most Korean farmers have not applied crop rotation in the cropping system. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of crop rotation on the yield of red pepper and green onion, the changes in soil fertility and the potential as green manure of rye and hairy vetch. Rye and hairy vetch were cultivated for winter season every year, and directly incorporated into the soil. The yield of red pepper fruits in organic farming using crop rotation (OFCR) decreased 23 to 36% compared with conventional farming system (CFS). Whereas, green onion showed the increased yield of about 13%. In OFCR, total carbon content of soil was higher, however available phosphate content lower than conventional farming. As a result of measuring the bulk density of soil, OFCR and CFS were 1.26 to $1.35Mg/m^3$ and 1.37 to $1.42Mg/m^3$, respectively. Carbon and nitrogen contents of microbial biomass in OFCR were obviously higher compared with the CFS. In the plot cultivated rye for winter season, the weed germination was strongly reduced (about 52 %). Balance of macro nutrient elements, nitrogen and phosphate, in the application of rye and hairy vetch had a minus value. For potassium, the output value was higher than the input one, therefore organic farming under red pepper-rye or hairy vetch systems requires applying additional potassium input. Also, we selected two hairy vetch varieties of cv. Hungvillosa and Ostsaat which can be adapt at Korea climate. In order to estimate a yield of green manures, the weight of shoot and root was measured. The ratio of shoot and root between rye and hairy vetch showed 0.88 and 1.91, respectively. The potential levels of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium which could be supplied from rye were 7.7, 7.8 and 21.9 kg/10a and from hairy vetch were 17.0, 8.6 and 22.9 kg/10a, respectively. So we recommend that cultivating hairy vetch, as a nutrient supplier, and rye, as an amendment to enhance the soil physical property, for winter season be practical method in Korea organic farming system.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2021

Hydroponic farming is a method to grow a plant without soil. Plants can be grown on water or hydroponic growing media, and they are fed with mineral nutrient solutions, which are fertilizers dissolved into water. Hydroponic farming has the advantage of increasing plant productivity over conventional greenhouse farming. Previous studies of hydroponic nutrient wastewater from acyclic hydroponic farms pointed out that hydroponic nutrient wastewater contained residual nutrients, and they were drained to a nearby river bank which causes several environmental issues. Also, previous studies suggest that excessive use of the nutrient solution and disposal of used hydroponic growing media and crop wastes in hydroponic farms are major problems to hydroponic farming. This study was conducted to determine the impact of hydroponic nutrient wastewater, used hydroponic growing media, and crop wastes from acyclic hydroponic farms on the surrounding environment by analyzing water quality and soil analysis of the above three factors. Three soil cultivation farms and several hydroponic farms in the Gangwon C region were selected for this study. Samples of water and soils were collected from both inside and outside of each farm. Also, a sample of soil and leachate from crop waste piles stacked near the farm was collected for analysis. Hydroponic nutrient wastewater from acyclic hydroponic farm contained an average of 402 mg/L of total nitrogen (TN) concentration, and 77.4 mg/L of total phosphate (TP) concentration. The result of TP in hydroponic nutrient wastewater exceeds the living environmental standard of the river in enforcement decree of the framework act on environmental policy by 993.7 times. Also, it exceeds the standard of industrial wastewater discharge standards under the water environment conservation act by 6~19 times in TN, and 2~27 times in TP. Leachate from crop waste piles contained 11,828 times higher COD and 395~2662 times higher TP than the standard set by the living environmental standard of the river in enforcement decree of the framework act on environmental policy and exceeds 778 times higher TN and 5 times higher TP than the standard of industrial wastewater discharge standards under the water environment conservation act. For more precise studies of the impact of hydroponic nutrient wastewater, used hydroponic growing media, and crop wastes from acyclic hydroponic farms on the surrounding environment, additional information regarding a number of hydroponic farms, arable area(ha), hydroponic farming area, seasonal, weather, climate factor around the river, and the property of the area and farm is needed. Analysis of these factors and additional water and soil samples are needed for future studies.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2004

Hemming is the last farming process in stamping and determines external quality of automotive outer panels. Few numerical approaches using 3-dimensional finite element model have been applied to a hemming process due to small element size which is needed to express the bending behavior of the sheet around small die comer and comparatively big model size of automotive opening parts, such as side door, back door and trunk lid etc In this study, part model assembling method is suggested and applied to the 3-dimensional finite element simulation of flanging and hemming process far an automotive front hood.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to develop GLEANS-PADDY model to predict nutrients loading from paddy-field areas. This model is developed by modifying the GLEANS model which is used for uplands, and composed of hydrology and nutrient submodels. The optimal field size for CLEANS-PADDY model application is about up to 50 ha with mild slope, relatively homogeneous Soils and spatially rainfall, and a single crop farming. The CLEAMS model is modified to handle ponded soil surface condition and saturated soil profile in paddy field. In the hydrology submodel of the CLEAMS-PADDY model. the ponded depth routing method is used to handle the ponded water condition of paddy field. To compute potential evapotranspiration the FAO-24 Corrected Blaney-Criddle method is used for paddy field instead of Penman-Monteith method in the CLEAMS model. In the nutrients submodel of the CLEAMS-PADDY model, the soil was assumed saturated and soil profile in the root zone was divided into oxidized and reduced zones.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.493-494
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• 2022

The development of livestock faces intensive farming results in a rising need for recognition of individual animals such as cows and pigs is related to high traceability. In this paper, we present a non-invasive biometrics systematic approach based on the deep-learning classification model to pig face identification. Firstly, in our systematic method, we build a ROS data collection system block to collect 10 pig face data images. Secondly, we proposed a preprocessing block in that we utilize the SSIM method to filter some images of collected images that have high similarity. Thirdly, we employ the improved image classification model of CNN (ViT), which uses the finetuning and pretraining technique to recognize the individual pig face. Finally, our proposed method achieves the accuracy about 98.66%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.576-585
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• 1991

General procedures of seed preparation as conventional guide had been established in China before most of Korean literature documented them. ‘Chwijongbeob’ (method of seed select) was to select good quality of seeds and to discard the rest. In ‘Seonjongbeob’ (method of seed grading) although China employed only ‘Sooseonbeob’ (method of seed select with water), but seeds were selected in order of selection of seeds by winds, selection of seeds by sieve and selection of seed with water in Korea. As compared with the recent techniques, those methods were perfect techniques for selection of good quality seeds of rice, except for method of seed selection by salt water was developed. The method for measurement of seed moisture, and for measurement of melted snow, spoiled urine and extracted juice by boiling water with the bone of livestock were originated from ancient China. The farming books in Korea were more or less followed the above methods. However, these techniques were complicated and impractical interms of validity and rationality. Also, it is judged that these tchniques are more appropriate in dry areas and alkaline soil of China rather than in Korean conditions. The plowing is a work to begin farming, and is operated for air ventilation between atmosphere and earth. Also, this techniques was adopted in the farming books from the early to the late Chosun dynasty without changes. Fields were deep-plowed in the first, in fall (or in spring) and for cultivation, and were shallow -plowed in the second, in spring (or in summer) and in intertillage. The former was for water reserve and land preparation, and the later was for weed control with intertillage. However, plowing in fall which was different from fallowing in dry areas, was recommended in Korea (Jikseol). but was not practiced in Sejongsilrok. This was changed with time, and plowing for cultivation in Korea was interrelated with use of green manure crops, method of plowing of upseting plough, method of manure practice and sometimes dry plowing. In addition, until the 15th century method of using a kind of plowing-tool made of log as farm tools was created to support reclamation for enlargement of farm land in mountaineous and coastal areas. For desolate farm lands by many internal and external disturbances, one tried to recover yield ability by increasing labor productivity from the 17th or 18th century. To do this, ‘Banjongbeob’ (culture method by upset plowing weed control) and ‘Hwanubeob’(culture method by firing weed control) which were cultural methods of ancient China were readapoted but the results were not clearly informed. Also, the reality of those was reexamined in the end of the Chosun dynasty.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.59-68
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• 2015

Traditional structure analysis method is based on numerical matrix analysis to use the geometries consisting of the structure. The characteristics require a lot of computer memories and computational time. To avoid these weaknesses, new approach to analyze truss structure was suggested by adopting topological load redistribution method. The axial forces to be not structurely analyzed yet against outside loads were redistributed by using nodal equation of equilibrium randomly at each node without constructing global matrix. However, this method could not calculate the axial forces if structure is statically indeterminate due to degree of many indeterminacies. Therefore, to apply the method suggested in this research, all redundancies of truss structure were replaced by unit loads. Each unit load could make the deformation of a whole structure, and a superposition method was finally adopted to solve the simultaneous equations. The axial forces and deflections agreed with the result of commercial software within the relative error of 1 %, whereas in the case that the axial forces are relatively very smaller than others, the relative errors were increased to 2 %. However, as the values were small enough not to be considered, it was practically useful as a structural analysis model. This model will be used for structural analysis of truss type of large structure such as agricultural farming facility.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.644-652
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• 2002

Increasing demands for Electric Resistance Welded pipes of high quality with thick wall require c lose investigations in edge deformation by slitting, strip deformation during break down farming, and difference of circumferential length. In order to obtain good quality of a welding zone, it is necessary to predict the edge shape of the initial strip. The modeling of the multi-pass thick tube roll forming process with rigid plastic finite element method ultra the edge shape prediction of an initial strip with 2nd-degree polynomial regression method are presented. Edge shapes of initial strip have been analyzed by the finite element method and designed by the regression method to satisfy the requirements in target fin pass. It is concluded that the proposed edge design method results in optimal edge shapes sat string the design requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.127-134
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• 2000

The current three-stage cold farming process to produce a flange is investigated for the purpose of improvement of manufacturing process. The main goal of this study is to obtain an appropriate process sequence, which can produce the required part with less manufacturing cost. The current process sequence is simulated using finite element method and design criteria are examined. Based on the results of simulation of the current three-stage process. a design strategy for improving the process sequence is analyzed using the thick-walled pipes. Because it has a reduced process-sequence without buckling of the workpiece or overloading of tools, the new process has distinct advantages over the conventional process. Numerical results show that the newly proposed process with selected presses is the most economical way to produce the required part.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.3-11
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to develop water saving irrigation method using water balance model in order to save rural water. Daily water balance components such as irrigation water, drainage water, effective rainfall, ET, and infiltration were measured in paddy fields. Model simulations were performed for different outlet heights and ponding depths. The outlet heights and the ponding depths are 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm, respectively. Based on the simulation very shallow ponding depth of 2 cm with 10 cm outlet height showed the largest effective rainfall ratio and the smallest irrigation amount. Until the introduction of laser leveling dozer and automatic inlet control devices, it would be desirable to adopt 4cm ponding depth because of difficulty of land leveling and frequency of farmer's field visit. The results of this study will be applied in the paddy farming and can improve water use efficiency.