• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.511-526
• /
• 2010

We need fundamental plan to develop Environment-friendly agriculture which has essential effect to agriculture and rural community. It should be avoided the structural problem that the farming corporations has gone through in present. Firstly, it needs to be systematized and constructed farming complex for the priority. The government initiated Environment-friendly agriculture business and expanded agriculture business as the part of the policy. There are some researches which have been studied the systematization and the construction of farming complex. It is suggested and mentioned various kinds of policies and directions so far. But, it is not mentioned any practical models. That means it seems to be various differences between each farming corporations in the structural cases. This research suggests the most optimized model of Environment-friendly agriculture by analyzing structural differences between 'Natur' farming Corp and 'Sancheong-gun' expanded Environment-friendly farming complex.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.43-58
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to present the measures for the stable environment-friendly rice's production, farm income increase and consumption revitalization and so on by analyzing economic effects of the environment-friendly rice's production complex by certification type, cultivation type and distribution type. Data were collected from the environment-friendly rice's production complex in Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungnam and Chunnam provinces. Survey was conducted with sorted by organic and no-pesticide farming. Of the samples 5 types of organic farming and 4 types of no-pesticide farming were surveyed in 17 and 18 complex, respectively. The farmers income of organic and no-pesticide farming per 10a were individually about $29{\sim}68%$ and 50% higher than the conventional farming. Base on the above results, the reasonable measures fur the stable environment-friendly rice's production and distribution and consumption revitalization were to secure partnership among business, universities, government and research institutes sectors, to organize farmers group and production complex, to establish RPC for environment-friendly rice and to introduce certification system for the distribution dealers.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.spc
• /
• pp.178-181
• /
• 2011

The test was carried out at a test field at the Wanju Eco-Farming Complex from 2009 to 2010 to figure out the proper application of fertilizers when growing rice at the Eco-Farming Complex. The result showed that when compared to the basal application of compost as fertilizer, applying supplementary compost after natural re-seeding of chinese milk vetch (CMV) helped balance soil nutrition and maintained rice yields.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 1999.06a
• /
• pp.53-80
• /
• 1999

Productivity and environmental conservation in nowadays trade-off and serious problem in agriculture. Precision farming is developing for solving the trade-off problem using systems approach and variable management. The systems approach is attributed to aiming at information-oriented agriculture, environmental-friendly sustainable agriculture, and complex system optimization . The variable management is composed of describing variability , variable-rate technology and decision support system. Three levels of technology development and three farming strategies are introduced for having a prospect. Describing the variability is the first step to promote it. Precision farming could be available for small scale farming as well as big scale farming. Paddy field precision farming will undergo in its distinctive way.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.327-335
• /
• 1991

In Korea, farming population is rapidly decreased in each decade. Consequently, farming is becoming more complex with multi cropping, animal production and green house farming. In order to encounter this complexity of farming, expert system applications on diagnosis, planning, designing, management, control, and training are demanded to meet the needs of agricultural society. In this article, expert system establishment procedures are stated step by step and extensive literature review was conducted on the expert system development techniques.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2008

A preliminary survey on the incidence and intensity of root disease complex (association of Meloidogyne incognita and root rot pathogens) was carried out in the sericultural areas of Karnataka. A total of 280 mulberry gardens were surveyed in 14 districts of Karnataka belonging to different types of soil (red sandy, red loamy and black cotton), farming systems (irrigated and rainfed), varieties (V-1, K-2, Local and S-13) and age of the plants (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 years). It was observed that the association of M. incognita with Botryodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium solani causes the root disease complex in mulberry. Of the 280 gardens visited, 94 were infested with the disease complex and incidence was recorded as 33.6%. The higher intensity of root disease complex was observed when the root system had more than 100 galls/plant with infection of mixed population of B. theobromae and F. solani in sandy soil under irrigated farming. The 5-10 years old mulberry plantation with V-I variety was found to be most susceptible to root disease complex. Districts like Mysore, Kolar, Mandya, Tumkur, Chitradurga and Bangalore were observed as sensitive areas. Further, the wounds caused by M. incognita in mulberry roots favour the easy entry of root rot pathogens, which increased the severity of the disease very fast.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.248-265
• /
• 2001

Recently, agriculture in Korea is seriously depressed by economic globalization and trade liberalization because of low competitive power. Organic farming, which is favorable for small scale agriculture, is expected to be one of alternatives to boost agricultural activities in Korea. Organic agriculture requires systemic developments of new technologies considering the complex biological interaction within the system in connection with high quality and safety standard. The National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology(NIAST) has been worked on the series of organic farming technologies, including bio-pesticides, pheromone, natural enemies as well as the testings of materials used in organic farming. NIAST will concentrate on the technological development for compromising to the conflict between commodity-oriented and ecological harmony. Research on systemic land and water use, management of plant nutrition, pest and disease control, post-harvest would also be important targets. Integrated efforts among researchers, professors, administrators, farmers, private sectors, and extension workers are substantial for fast technology development and its dissemination. Development and use of these technologies will homely enlighten the Korean organic farming although it may require quite a time and endeavor.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.39-51
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to present the measures for the stable organic rice production, farm income increase and consumption revitalization and so on by analyzing economic effects of the organic rice production complex and farmers by cultivation type. The farmers received prices of organic rice and Life and Environment Agriculture (LEA) were 2,965 won and 2,014 won per kilogram, respectively. Finally, the results of the productivity analysis show that LEA produces about 11% lower crop yield compared with the conventional farming. Meanwhile, the profitabilities of the organic farming per 10a were about 15% higher than the conventional farming. But, LEA per 10a was individually 23% lower then the conventional farming.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.69-84
• /
• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Hence, in this paper we utilized landscape adjectives as a way to enhance the objectivity of the organic agricultural complex landscape assessment. More specifically, not only this study used a landscape image of an organic agricultural complex to identify a landscape adjective suitable for the landscape elements but also this study confirmed the suitability of landscape adjectives comparing to the opinions of experts and the public. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 12 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result of deriving the landscape adjectives from the main landscape elements, there were nine landscape adjectives that were consistent with experts and the public, including "clear" and "Artless" for rice paddies and fields, while the mismatched landscape adjectives were 'traditional'. The accent planting was a combination of landscape adjectives such as 'natural' and 'clear', while the windbreak trees was a consensus of all landscape adjectives. Only two adjectives, 'friendly' and 'wild', agreed on the dirt load, nine dum-bung(small pond), ten natural small river, nine duckery, eight one-storied houses, 10 pavilion, eight monoculture and diverse crops, and three natural waterways. The most common landscape adjectives were windbreak trees, pavilions, and natural small river, all 10 landscape adjectives. However, it is considered that only three of the 10 landscape types on the dirt road and the natural number are matched. Thus, additional management measures will be needed. In addition, it was analyzed that the most common landscape adjectives were "Artless" and "friendly" 13 times. The landscape adjectives of the organic farming complex responded by experts were analyzed to be suitable for natural, clear, zingy, silent, traditional, artless, friendly, wild and Leisurely, and consistent with the general public's opinion.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.48 no.7
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2006

Event mean concentration (EMC) of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is primary information for non-point source pollution assessment of a watershed. The EMCs for various types of agriculture such as dairy and crop farming under different climate and geologic conditions are not fully investigated. A diary- and cropfarming complex agricultural watershed in Piedmont region in Maryland, USA has been monitored for 10 years as a section 319 national monitoring program of US EPA. Dairy manure was the main source of fertilizer for crop farming in this watershed. Observed mean concentrations of N and P for each event were analyzed. Distribution of EMCs for N and P showed a wide range of variations. Representative EMCs of T-N and $NO_{3}-N$ tended to be higher than those reported for other agricultural watersheds. This study confirmed that site-specific EMC information for various agricultural practices is required for better assessment of non-point source pollution using EMC method.