• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_1
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• pp.879-891
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• 2018

In this study, the effects of urban redevelopment and building construction on the change of the detailed flows around the Pukyong National University (PKNU) campus located in the building-congested area was investigated using a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model and GIS (geographic information system). For the analysis of the detailed flows before and after the constructions of the buildings around and within the campus, numerical simulations for the 16 inflow directions were performed before and after the construction. We used, as reference wind speeds at the inflow boundaries, the averaged wind speeds observed at the Gwangan light beacon (962) where there is no surrounding obstacle (i.e., building and terrain) acting as friction. We analyzed the area fractions in which wind speeds at z = 2.5 m changed after the construction for 16 inflow directions. The area fractions were relatively large in the east-south-easterly and southerly cases, because of the high-rise buildings constructed at the east and the apartment complex and the Engineering buildings constructed at the south of the PKNU campus. In the case of the easterly of which frequency is highest among the wind directions observed at the Daeyeon AWS (AWS 942) located inside the PKNU campus, the wind-speed change was not significant even after the constructions. It is shown that the building construction has affected the detailed flows around as well as even in the far downwind region of the constructed buildings. Also, it is shown that the GIS and CFD model are useful for analyzing the detailed flows in planning the urban redevelopment and/or building construction.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

This paper considers the possibilities of health promotion from the following perspectives; (1) IUHPE, (2) socio-cultural similarities, (3) action research, and (4) learning from our past. 1. The IUHPE values decentralized activities through regions, and countries such as Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and China belong to NPWP region. Since IUHPE World Conference was held in Japan in 1995, Japan used to occupy more than 60% of NPWP membership. After 2001, membership is increasing rapidly in Chinese speaking sub-region. The transnational collaboration is still in its beginning phase. 2. Confucianism is one of key points. Confucian tradition should not be seen only as obstacles but as advantages to seek a form of health promotion more acceptable in East Asia. 3. Within the new public health framework, people are expected to create and live their health. However, especially in Japan, the tendency of 'lacking of face-to-face explicit interactions' is still common at health-promotion settings as well as academic settings. Therefore, the author tried participatory approaches such as asking WlFY (interactive questions designed for subjects to review their daily life and environment) and as introducing round table interactions. So far, majority of participants welcome new trials. 4. The following social phenomena are comparatively discussed after Japanese invasion and occupation of Korea ended in 1945; ·status of oriental medicine, ·separation of dispensary services, and ·health promotion specialist as a national license. In contrast to Japanese' tendency of maintaining the status quo and postponing of substantial social change, trend toward rapid and dynamic social changes are more commonly observed in Korea. Although all of above possibilities are still in their beginning stages, they are going to offer interesting directions waiting for further challenges and accompanying researches.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.4 s.179
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• pp.369-384
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• 2006

Korean Peninsula, located on the southeastern part of Eurasian plate, belongs to the intraplate region. The characteristics of intraplate earthquake show the low and rare seismicity and the sparse and irregular distribution of epicenters comparing to interplate earthquake. To evaluate the exact seismic activity in intraplate region, long-term seismic data including historical earthquake data should be archived. Fortunately the long-term historical earthquake records about 2,000 years are available in Korea Peninsula. By the analysis of this historical and instrumental earthquake data, seismic activity was very high in 16-18 centuries and is more active at the Yellow sea area than East sea area. Comparing to the high seismic activity of the north-eastern China in 16-18 centuries, it is inferred that seismic activity in two regions shows close relationship. Also general trend of epicenter distribution shows the SE-NW direction. In Korea Peninsula, the first seismic station was installed at Incheon in 1905 and 5 additional seismic stations were installed till 1943. There was no seismic station from 1945 to 1962, but a World Wide Standardized Seismograph was installed at Seoul in 1963. In 1990, Korean Meteorological Adminstration(KMA) had established centralized modem seismic network in real-time, consisted of 12 stations. After that time, many institutes tried to expand their own seismic networks in Korea Peninsula. Now KMA operates 35 velocity-type seismic stations and 75 accelerometers and Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources operates 32 and 16 stations, respectively. Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety and Korea Electric Power Research Institute operate 4 and 13 stations, consisted of velocity-type and accelerometer. In and around the Korean Peninsula, 27 intraplate earthquake mechanisms since 1936 were analyzed to understand the regional stress orientation and tectonics. These earthquakes are largest ones in this century and may represent the characteristics of earthquake in this region. Focal mechanism of these earthquakes show predominant strike-slip faulting with small amount of thrust components. The average P-axis is almost horizontal ENE-WSW. In north-eastern China, strike-slip faulting is dominant and nearly horizontal average P-axis in ENE-WSW is very similar with the Korean Peninsula. On the other hand, in the eastern part of East Sea, thrust faulting is dominant and average P-axis is horizontal with ESE-WNW. This indicate that not only the subducting Pacific Plate in east but also the indenting Indian Plate controls earthquake mechanism in the far east of the Eurasian Plate. Crustal velocity model is very important to determine the hypocenters of the local earthquakes. But the crust model in and around Korean Peninsula is not clear till now, because the sufficient seismic data could not accumulated. To solve this problem, reflection and refraction seismic survey and seismic wave analysis method were simultaneously applied to two long cross-section traversing the southern Korean Peninsula since 2002. This survey should be continuously conducted.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2006

KVN simulation, which is focused on evaluating the impacts of KVN to geodetic VLBI network, was performed. The KVN is under construction with three radio telescopes VLBI system for radio astronomy and space geodesy. To distinguish the impacts of KVN on global and local scale networks, we designed two different sizes of VLBI networks, namely, KVN-Asia and KVN-Pacific. While the former consisted of Far East Asia region VLBI stations, the latter consisted of pacific region VLBT stations. The primary purpose of our simulation is quantitative evaluation of KVN impacts before and after the participation of KVN in the previous two virtual networks. We selected two different sets of parameters to be estimated in the simulation as indices of evaluating estimation precision: station coordinates and EOPs. The station coordinates are evaluating index for KVN-Asia and the EOPs are another evaluating index for KVN-Pacific. From the simulation results of comparisons between evaluating indexes, 50% and 20% of maximum improvements for KVN-Asia and KVN-Pacific were anticipated respectively. We expect that the space geodetic use of KVN will be focused on the several promising research fields which are proposed through the simulation results.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.243-253
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• 2015

Series Chinensis, Genus Iris, endemic to the far regions of East Asia, consists of four species and related varieties. This series is divided into two major groups (I. rossii and I. minutiaurea complex). In this study, the ITS region and matK gene sequences within nuclear ribosomal DNA and plastid DNA were analyzed in order to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among the I. minutiaurea complex (I. minutiaurea, I. odaesanensis, and I. koreana) and the taxonomic identities of a putative hybrid in Mt. Palgong. In the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2) region, a total of 106 cloned genomic sequences from three taxa were obtained to study the intragenomic polymorphisms of the ITS regions. Three taxa revealed high levels of intragenomic polymorphisms, indicative of incomplete nrDNA concerted evolution. This incomplete ITS concerted evolution in the series Chinensis may be linked to the recent species divergence and frequent interspecies hybridization of the series Chinensis. In the matK gene, three taxa were fairly separated by eleven variable sites. In eight individuals collected on Mt. Palgong, putative hybrids between I. odaesanensis and I. minutiaurea were clustered in the I. minutiaurea clade in the NJ (neighbor-joining) tree based on the matK gene. However, in the ITS tree, some of them were clustered in the I. odaesanensis clade and others were clustered in the I. minutiaurea clade. Therefore, the individuals on Mt. Palgong were formed by the hybridization between two taxa (I. odaesanensis and I. minutiaurea) and not through the lineage of I. koreana.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.52-62
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• 1974

The fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergi (De Maan) is a very common species in Info-pacific region inhabiting both fresh and brackish waters in low land areas, and especially abundant in the lower reaches of most rivers which are influenced by seawater, It is one of the largest and commercial species of genus Macrobrachium. As a place of the researches to clear the possibilities of transplantation and propagation of this species in the Far East region the larval development, growth, optimum temperature and metamorphose rate up to first post larvae in aquaruim are cleared under the conditions of salinity $6.58-7.05\%_{\circ}$ Cl, pH 8.0-8.2, the rate of flow 0.3 liter per minute and illumination 3000 lux. Temperature ranged from 27.5 to $28.7^{\circ}C$ during the period of earlier larval development. For the study oil the relationship between temperature and metamorphose rate from zoea to first post larvae, the temperatures in experimental tank were $22.2^{\circ}C\pm1$, $26.1^{\circ}C\pm0.85$, $28.1^{\circ}C\pm0.34$, $30.4^{\circ}C\pm0.66$, $33.7^{\circ}C\pm0.66$, $33.7^{\circ}C\pm0.38$ and $36.8^{\circ}C\pm0.26$. During the work, food used for the larvae was Artemia salina nauplius in the filter-circulation aquariums. This species metamorphosed to the first post-larvae through eleven zoea stages, and the characters of each larval stage are described and optimum temperature for metamorphosis rate and survivals to the first post larvae is $28.1^{\circ}C\pm0.34$.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2011

The outbreak of Newcastle disease occurred for the first time at a commercial chicken farm near Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia in August 2010. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) obtained from infected chickens in Mongolia was characterized by biological and molecular biological approches. Mongolian NDV isolate killed all of chicken embryos within 60 h in the mean death time assay, indicating virulent for chicken. A genomic region of 695 nts between nts 1055 of the M gene and 508 of the F gene was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the F protein cleavage site was $^{112}RRQKRF^{117}$, which is a typical sequence of velogenic strains of NDV and is agreement with the result of the MDT assay. The sequence of the partial F gene (nts 47 to 435) was used for genotyping by phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Mongolian isolate was of genotype VII within class II of NDV. Further phylogenetic analysis on the genotype VII strains revealed that the isolates placed in a genetic sublineage of VIId and most closely related with velogenic strains of NDV circulating in Far-east Asian region especially China, suggesting the introduction of velogenic NDV into Mongolia from neighboring countries.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.54-73
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• 2012

In this article, we examined the patterns of activities of the Sarmathians though in a humble measure, with a focus on the regions where the Sarmathian sheaths spreaded. One of the main weapons the mounted nomads like the Scythias, the Sarmathians, and the Alans used at war was a spear. Though complementary, a sword was the most convenient and appropriate weapon when fighting at a near distance, fallen from the horse to the ground. The Sarmathian swords continued the tradition of the Akinakes which the Scythias or the Persians used, but those of the Sarmathians showed some advances in terms of the easiness with which a sword was drawn out from a sheath, and the way the sheaths were worn to parts of a human body. It turns out that the Sarmathian sheaths, which were designed for the people to draw swords easily, having the sheaths attached to thighs through 4 bumps, spread extensively from Pazyryk, Altai, to South Siberia, Bactria, Parthia and Rome. The most noteworthy out of all the Sarmathian sheaths were the ones that were excavated from the 4th tomb in Tillatepe, Afghanistan which belonged to the region of Bactria. The owner of the fourth tomb of Tilla-tepe whose region was under the control of Kushan Dynasty at that time, was buried wearing Sarmathian swords, and regarded as a big shot in the region of Bactria which was also under the governance of Kushan Dynasty. The fact that the owner of the tomb wore two swords suggests that there had been active exchange between Bactria and Sarmathia. It seemed that the reason why the Sarmathians could play an important role in the exchange between the East and the West might have something to do with their role of supplying Chinese goods to Silk Road. That's why we are interested in how the copper mirrors of Han Dynasty, decoration beads like melon-type beads, crystal beads and goldring articulated beads, and the artifacts of South China which produced silks were excavated in the northern steppe route where the Sarmathians actively worked. Our study have established that the eye beads discovered in Sarmathian tomb estimated to have been built around the 1st century B.C. were reprocessed in China, and then imported to Sarmathia again. We should note the Huns as a medium between the Sarmathians and the South China which were far apart from each other. Thus gold-ring articulated beads which were spread out mainly across the South China has been discovered in the Huns' remains. On the other hand, between 2nd century B.C. and 2nd century A.D. which were main periods of the Sarmathians, it was considered that the traffic route connecting the steppe route and the South China might be West-South silk road which started from Yunnan, passed through Myanmar, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, and then went into the east of India. The West-south Silk road is presumed to have been used by nomadic tribes who wanted to get the goods from South China before the Oasis route was activated by the Han Dynasty's policy of managing the countries bordering on Western China.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2209-2213
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• 2011

When taking PET/CT, the distortion of the image happens due to the movement of a lesion with respiration. In this study, the experiment was conducted to see if the change in SUV value and distortion of the image could be somewhat corrected by comparing the image which was not compensated with that of the region of lung nodule, compensated with respiration compensation Plumonary Toolkit possessed by this hospital. The records of 17 patients with Lung cancer between May and August 2008. As the result of the experiment, Max SUV value increased by from 4.08% minimum to 43.10% maximum, and the average Max SUV value of lung nodule increased from 6.07 to 7.00(12.16%). In the case of respiration compensation PET/CT, the distortion of the image improved. As there was no significance in the comparison of SCC and Adenocarcinom respectively, though there was a statistically significant level(P<0.05) before and after respiration compensation in SCC-Adenocarcinoma, there was an effect in respiration compensation regardless of Cell types. As the result of the experiment, it was found out that the distortion of standard intake coefficient value and the image was compensated Therefore, the diagnosis of lung cancer and follow up will be able to help.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2005

Silk Road is the term involving all traffic roads connecting the East to the West, and ancient Korean culture has became globalized through Silk Road. In this paper, natural environment of Silk Road is considered as fundamental data in order to understand the Western culture introduced through Silk Road. Silk Road region is classified into Loess Plateau district; arid basin district; and high mountains district; Hesi Corridor(河西回廊) is the transition zone that the southeastern part of $W{\breve{u}}w{\bar{e}}i$(武威) is Loess Plateau district; other northwestern part is arid basin district Loess Plateau district, composed of homogeneous fines, has experienced dramatic soil loss by bringing under cultivation. At recent times, reforestation and construction of check-dam have been in operation to cope with this problems, Arid basin district; although at midlatitude, is desert climate because it is far from the ocean and is surrounded by high mountains. Oasis of Hesi Corridor is continuous linearly, but that of arid basin district is sporadic. In $H{\bar{a}}mi$ and $T{\breve{u}}l{\breve{u}}f{\bar{a}}n$(吐魯番) fruit-growing using karez flourishes, And glacier of $Ti{\bar{a}}nshian$(天山) Mts. and $Q{\bar{i}}lian$(祁連) Mts. is very important to arid basin district because of supplying water resource. In the tundra zone surrounding alpine glacier, are distributed widely solifluction lobes and earth hummocks.