• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2016

In order to understand correctly about Shanhanlun, the intension of the author from the preface must be definitely understood. Compared the preface of Shanghanzubinlun with the prefaces of other commentaries, figuring out the contents. The preface of Shanghanlun describes the time period and the production background of Shanghanlun. The publish of Shanhanlun is related to outbreak of epidemic, which is related to the war, rebellions, and the secure of trade route from west to east. The episode of Pianque in the preface is the example of the diagnosis in general, and it has connection with the four ways of diagnosis (inspection, listening & smelling, inquiring and palpation) in the last part of the preface. Shanghanzubinglun is influenced by Taoism, which is the ideology behind Huangdineijing and Shennongbencaojing. Zhang Zhongjing had studied deeply about fangshu.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.37-57
• /
• 2012

The behavior of beam-column joints in moment resisting frame structures is susceptible to damage caused by seismic effects due to poor performance of the joints. A good number of researches were carried out to understand the complex mechanism of RC joints considered in current seismic design codes. The traditional construction detailing of transverse reinforcement has resulted in serious joint failures during earthquakes. This paper introduces a new design philosophy involving the use of additional diagonal bars within the joint particularly suitable for low to medium seismic effects in earthquake zones. In this study, ten full-scale interior beam-column specimens were constructed with various additional reinforcement details and configurations. The results of the experiment showed that adding additional bars is a promising approach in reinforced concrete structures where earthquakes are eminent. In terms of overall cracking observation during the test, the specimens with additional bars (diagonal and straight) compared with the ones without them showed fewer cracks in the column. Furthermore, concrete confinement is certainly an important design measure as recommended by most international codes.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2018

Photocatalytic oxidation in the presence of Fe-doped, Zn-doped or Fe-Zn co-doped $TiO_2$ was used to effectively decompose humic acids (HAs) in water. The highest HAs removal efficiency (65.7%) was achieved in the presence of $500^{\circ}C$ calcined 0.0010% Fe-Zn co-doped $TiO_2$ with the Fe:Zn ratio of 3:2. The initial solution pH value, inorganic cations and anions also affected the catalyst photocatalytic ability. The HAs removal for the initial pH of 2 was the highest, and for the pH of 6 was the lowest. The photocatalytic oxidation of HAs was enhanced with the increase of the $Ca^{2+}$ or $Mg^{2+}$ concentration, and reduced when concentrations of some anions increased. The inhibition order of the anions on $TiO_2$ photocatalytic activities was $CO{_3}^{2-}$ > $HCO_3{^-}$ > $Cl^-$, but a slightly promotion was achieved when $SO{_4}^{2-}$ was added. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal was used to evaluate the actual HAs mineralization degree caused by the $500^{\circ}C$ calcined 0.0010% Fe-Zn (3:2) co-doped $TiO_2$. For tap water added with HAs, the $UV_{254}$ and TOC removal rates were 57.2% and 49.9%, respectively. The $UV_{254}$ removal efficiency was higher than that of TOC because of the generation of intermediates that could significantly reduce the $UV_{254}$, but not the TOC.