• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.149-163
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• 2005

Family has emerged as a key concept for health, and it has been identified as one of the most important conditions. The relationship between health habit and its management is different depending on family. The odd pair family, mostly rural lower income class, worry to have poor health because of no spouse and small family size. One thousand eight hundred and seventy(1870) subjects were collected in 9 provinces through the sampling of Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). Questionnaire method was conducted on health checking, bath states, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and the prevalence of farmer's health related problems. The main results were as follows: 1) The characteristics of odd pair families are that the head of household is female(77% ), the size of family is small(1.76 persons), the education level is low(7.5 years for male, 3.1 years for female) and the age group is old (male: 89.78 year old, female: 73.69 year old). 2) For the odd pair family, the frequency of health checking is quite low with one or two times per year(l0.2%) and the rate of no-health checking is much higher(35.8%) .3) Bathing utility is not available 29.6% of the odd pair family and only cold water is supplied at home for the 11.5 % of them. However, for the paired family, 9.8 % of them has no bathing utility and the rate of the family supplied with only cold water is just 7.9%. 4) The bathing frequency score of odd pair family is l.74points for male and 1.25 points for female. 5) The rate of smoking habits for odd pair family is 68.5 % and specially it is 7.6% for female, which is higher comparing with that of pair family. 6) The smoking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.57 points. 7) Alcohol drinking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.79 points for male, and 3.24points for female. 8) Farmers' syndrome(FS) revealed 38.7% of odd pair family and it is lower than that of pair family(57.3%). Special pain of FS was huckle bone and muscle(28.4%) and articular pain(24.l %). The pain rate of huckle bone and muscle(43.l %) and articular pain(33.5%) were higher in a year in odd pair family were lower than those of pair family: farming machine caused accidents(6.5%) and pesticide poisoning(5.7%). l0) The odd pair family use more frequently medical clinic or public health center for the treatment of FS(74.7%) and pesticide poisoning(62.5%) than the pair family for FS(69.0%) and for pesticide poisoning(.53.6%). The score of FS treatment is 5.70 points for odd pair family and it is not significantly different from 5.62 points of the paired family. The result of pesticide poisoning treatment score is as same as that of FS.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2005

Objectives: Previously, we sought to compile a list of genes expressed during early folliculogenesis by using cDNA microarray to investigate follicular gene expression and changes during primordialprimary follicle transition and development of secondary follicles (Yoon et al., 2005). Among those genes, a group of genes related to the cell size growth was characterized during the ovarian development in the present study. Methods: We determined ovarian expression pattern of six genes related to the cell size growth (cyr61, emp1, fhl1, socs2, wig1 and wisp1) and extended into CCN family (${\underline{c}}onnective$ tissue growth factor/${\underline{c}}ysteine$-rich 61/${\underline{n}}ephroblastoma$-overexpressed), ctgf, nov, wisp2, wisp3, including cyr61 and wisp1 genes. Expression of mRNA and protein according to the ovarian developmental stage was evaluated by in situ hybridization, and/or semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: Among 6 genes related to the cell size growth, cyr61 and wisp1 mRNA was detected only in oocytes in the postnatal day5 mouse ovaries. cyr61 mRNA expression was limited to the nucleolus of oocytes, while wisp1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleolus of oocytes, except nucleus. cyr61 mRNA expression, however, was found in granulosa cells from secondary follicles. The rest 4 genes in the cell size growth group were detected in oocytes, granulosa and theca cells. Cyr61 and Wisp1 proteins were expressed in the oocyte cytoplasm from primordial follicle stage. Especially, Cyr61 protein was detected in pre-granulosa cells, Wisp1 protein was not. By using RT-PCR, we evaluated and decided that Cyr61 protein is produced by their own mRNA in pre-granulosa cells that was not detected by in situ hybridization. cyr61 and wisp1 genes are happen to be the CCN family members. The other members of CCN family were also studied, but their expression was detected in oocytes, granulose and theca cells. Conclusions: We firstly characterized the ovarian expression of genes related to the cell size growth and CCN family according to the early folliculogenesis. Cyr61 protein expression in the pre-granulosa cells is profound in meaning. Further functional analysis for cyr61 in early folliculogenesis is under investigation.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.9 no.1 s.17
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• pp.241-257
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• 1991

The objectives of this study are : to measure the level of rent burden. to examine the independent influences of the variables related to rent burden. to measure the level of family economic problem perception. to examine the differences in the level of family economic problem perception due to rent burden, household characteristics, housing characteristics and rent incresing. For these purpose, a survey is conducted using questionaires. The data used in this study included 369 renters living in Seoul. Statistics uses for data analysis were Frequency Distribution. Percentile, men, Pearson's Correlation, Partial Correlation, One-way ANOVA, Breakdown and Multiple Regression Analysis. Major findings are as follows : The average score of rent burden was 35.87, Therefore rent burden of large cities, rental households is very heavy. Family income, housing facility quality, rent type, and rent incresing have independent influences on rent burden. The average of family economic problem perception is above the mid-point of the scale. The level of family economic problem perception differs due to rent burden, family income, family life cycle, family size, occupation of household head, education leval of household head and homemaker, rent type, housing type, housing size, housing facility quality and rent increases. If the level of rent burden is below 25, family economic problem perception is adequate.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1982

For the solution of population problem, a population education is urgently need since family member size(that is population size) will be on the decrease fro the reason of changes in family consciousness by population education. The population education should be carried out interdisciplinary, but, above all, home economics is more suitable to the population education. In this study, the issues are the contents of population education in relation to family relations of home economics. Those contents are as follows: 1. A change in family consciousness through the value of child 1) Conventional value of child 2) Criticism about conventional value of child 3) Current value of child 4) Desirable number of children 2. A change in family consciousness through the preparation for one's declining years 1) Analysis of periodic family life cycle by number of children 2) Desirable number of children 3. A change in family consciousness through the parental responsibility 1) Mental responsibility 2) Physical responsibility 3) Economics responsibility 4. A change in family consciousness through the relationship between parents and children 1) Conventional relationship 2) Current relationship 3) Desirable relationship 5. A change in family consciousness through the relationship between husband and wife 1) Conventional relationship 2) Current relationship 3) Effects of children on the relationship of husband and wife By the above contents of population education in the field of family relations of home economics parents will have their deliberate plans and aims.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2005

Response in a modified reciprocal recurrent selection scheme for egg production was evaluated considering variable family sizes and genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred half sisters. The criteria of selection of purebred breeders included pullet's own performance, purebred full and half sisters and crossbred half sister's performance. Heritability of egg production of crossbreds (aggregate genotype) and purebred's was assumed to be 0.2 and genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred half sisters ($r_{pc}$) as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4, -0.5 and -1.0. Number of dams per sire to produce purebred and crossbred progenies assumed to be 5, 6, 7, 8, while number of purebred female progeny ($N_p$) and crossbred progeny ($N_c$) per dam were considered to be 3, 4, 5 and 6 in each case. Considering phenotypic variance as unity, selection indices were constructed for different combinations of dams and progeny for each value of $r_{pc}$. Following selection index theory, response in crossbred and purebred for egg production was computed. Results indicated that response in crossbreds depended mainly on crossbred family size and also on magnitude of$r_{pc}$ irrespective of its direction, and response was greater with large crossbred family size than the purebred families. Correlated response in purebreds depends both on magnitude and direction of $r_{pc}$ and was expected to be greater with large purebred family size only. Inclusion of purebred information increased the accuracy of selection for crossbred response for higher magnitude of$r_{pc}$ irrespective of its direction. Present results indicate that desirable response in both crossbred and purebred performance is a function of $r_{pc}$ and family sizes. The ratio of crossbred and purebred family sizes can be optimized depending on the objective of improving the performance of crossbreds and/or of purebreds.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.301-311
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• 2018

The purpose of this research was to examine the perceptions of CEOs and HR managers on family-friendly management and family-friendly company certification in small- and medium-size businesses. Six CEOs and HR managers participated in focus group interviews. Five themes were identified: provision of various family-friendly workplace policies, recognition of the need for family-friendly management, difficulty introducing family-friendly management and family-friendly workplace policies, willingness to acquire family-friendly company certification, and ways to expand family-friendly management and family-friendly company certification. All participants agreed on the need for family-friendly management and provided different family-friendly workplace policy suggestions for employees regardless of their interests in acquiring family-friendly company certification. However, they also had difficulties introducing family-friendly workplace policies. This finding suggests that different incentives are needed to encourage companies to expand family-friendly workplace policies.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.406-416
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• 2001

This study is performed to confirm the influencing factors of family health protection behaviors using the variables included in Pender's Family Promotion Model. 1. The subjects are 110 families in preschooler family developmental stage, respondents are children's mother or father. These families are almost all nuclear types(95%), function of families is healthy as much as 8.0 the mean FAPGAR score. The prevalence rate of family members' illness was 14.7% these last 3 months, and 21.1 % of families responded suffered from injury for last 2 years. 2. The practice rate of injury prevention behavior is below a half in supervision and modifying of their home and residential environments, especially controlling through collaborative community power. The more familiar function score is the better practicing rates of injury prevention behaviors. 3. The injury prevention behaviors correlate to family size, health status of family member, and children's congenital defects with statistical significance. Families' economic condition correlates also significantly to family health status, cognition of benefits of injury prevention, cognition of the importance of community collecting power. And the recognition of the benefits of injury prevention correlates the adaptive health concept, family norms about injury prevention, economic status. 4. Considering family health promotion model. the general influencing factor is only affected to family protective behavior, and other paths don't affect to family's behaviors. In simple regression, the family protective behavior model explains 27.8%(P=0.05), significant factors are family function status, family size, chronic illness of family members', mother's education level. father's age. 5. To define of familiar preventive behavior as a unit is very important, but it has the limitation to solve the difficulties of family studies going with the operationalized difficulties of health promotion concept.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.1879-1890
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• 2011

Previous studies of syllable frequency effects have proposed that inhibitory effects due to high first syllable frequency were the products of competitions between activated lexical candidates within a lexical level. However, these studies have primarily used lexical decision tasks to examine the nature of syllable frequency effects. This study investigates whether a syllable frequency effect can arise in semantic categorization tasks and whether phonologically or orthographically defined syllables interact with semantically related variables such as morphological family size. If the syllable frequency effect was created by activations and competitions on a lexical level, it is highly possible that the effect was related to semantic categorization tasks. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two experiments. In Experiment 1, morphological family size and phonological syllable frequency were factorially manipulated. In Experiment 2, morphological family size and orthographic syllable frequency were factorially manipulated. The results demonstrate that morphemes have no relationship with phonological syllables but do with orthographic syllables. This suggests that phonological syllables and orthographic syllables have different roles in the syllable frequency effect on visual word recognition process.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.201-215
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of household characteristics to family savings. Family savings were defined in four ways such as monthly savings, average propensity to save, financial assets, and net financial assets. The household characteristics dealt with were family income, household size, number of earners, age, occupation, education, housing tenure, and urbanization. The data used in the study was Survey of Family Finance 1990. The main statistical method was multiple regression. Family income was found to the most important variable to determine four family saving variables holding other characteristics constant. Also, household size had significant negative effects on family savings. Two-earner households were found to have higher average propensity to save and less financial assets compared to single-earner households. Fro monthly savings and average propensity to save, the households with forties andfifties household head tended to be less than others, while financial assets tended to increase with the age of household head. Compared to salary earner households, blue-colored households had significantly lower average propensity to save, and the households with professionals had significantly higher financial assets. The college-graduated households tended to have less monthly savings than the elementary-graduated households. Also, the housing renters were found to have more monthly savings and higher average propensity to save, compared to the housing owners.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.65-82
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• 1987

Product characteristic approach and hedonic method were explained and applied to demand behavior of housing for 360 households sampled from four districts of Seoul. Th major findings are: 1) Housing prices are determined by housing characteristics, i.e., basic structure, interior space, interior quality, and neighborhood quality. 2) as income increase , the demand for basic structure, interior space, interior of quality, and neighbor hood quality increases. As compared to the counties that have advanced housing financial systems, income elasticity form housing characteristics was low. 3) householder's educational level has insignificant effects on the demand for neighborhood quality. 4) the housing need of family is different to a family life cycle. In the first stage, the increase of income enhances the demand for basic structure. interior space, and interior quality, but inversed with neighborhood quality. In the second and third stages, the demand for basic structure, interior space, and interior quality increases as the income increases. 5) It is predicted that the larger the family size, the more housing space is required. But in the low-income group, an increase in family size results in a decrease in the demand for interior space because expenses for food and education are indispensable ones. In the middle -income group the demand for interior space, interior quality increases as the family size increases, In the high-income group, the larger the family size the more interior quality is demanded. As mentioned above, the demand for housing is derived form characteristics and the demand behavior far housing characteristics is varied with individual household's characteristics. Therefore, the fact that different housing needs according to various income groups should be considered in housing policy.