• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.135-147
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to achieve regarding the environmental problem due to excessive economic development for human being's continous life and to try to enhance the quality of life. The major findings of this study are as followings: 1) Environmental consciousness and activity are closely correlated and also postively related to quality of life. Accordingly, environmental consciousness should be inspired and the environmental activities performed successfully to enhance the quality of life so that we can lead higher quality of life. 2) Income takes the highest position in the life-influncing factor with the following sequence of environmental consciousness, preservation acitivity, housekeeper's education level and age. So, earlier and steady education are important in raising the education level to have people equipped with environmental consciousness and activity. Moreover, we should be able to create income through education to enhance the quality of life. Accordingly, we should take a positive measure for enhancing environmental preservation and quality of life to meet two solutions, such as mankind's continuous development and value-oriented life.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.177-188
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate elderly consumer problems raised from the process of satisfing one's own consumer need(consumer expenditure problem) and purchasing goods and services in the market(purchase poblem). A survey was conducted and the data from 256 elderly persons aged 60 or more was collected. To analyze the data, following statistical methods were used: ANOVA, t-test, Multiple Regression Analysis. Major findings are as follows. 1) The Average of consumer expenditure problem is below the mid-point. 2) The levels of consumer expenditure and purchase problems differ due to consumer role performance, family solidarity, spause, educational level, discretionary expenditure, income stability and source of income 3) family solidarity, educational level and discretionary expenditure have strong independent influecces on consumer problems both in consumer expenditure and purchase in order named.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.384-395
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• 2000

This study examined burdens of primary family caregivers, and family functioning of patients with cancer. In addition, the relationship between two concepts was assessed to develop nursing intervention to reduce the burdens of caregiving, and to improve family functioning. Ninety-two primary family caregivers of patients with cancer at a general hospital in Seoul participated in this study. The patients with cancer aged from 19 to 84 years with a mean age of 51 years, and sixty-one percent were male. About 30 percent of the patients suffered liver and billiary tract cancer. Fifty-six percent of the primary family caregivers were spouses of the patients and 70.7 percent were women. Primary family caregivers' burdens were assessed by the Burden Scale originally developed by Zarit (1980) and Novak & Guest(1989) and modified by Jang (1995) for use in Korea. The instrument consists of six subscales: time-dependent burden, developmental burden, physical burden, emotional burden, social burden, and financial burden. Family functioning was assessed by the Family APGAR developed by Smilkstein(1978). The results were as follows: 1. The average burden score was 86.1, indicating a moderate level of burden. The time-dependent burden scored highest followed by developmental, physical, social, financial, and emotional burdens. The mean score of family APGAR was 9.71; among subjects 82.6% were included in dysfunctional families. 2. Of the characteristics of patients, age, gender, number of admissions, and job were found to be associated with the level of burden. There was no significant difference between patient characteristics and family functioning. Of the characteristics of primary family caregivers, caregiver's perception of patient prognosis was significantly related to the level of burden, and family functioning. Caregiver's sex and age were also related to family functioning. The quality of relationship between a patient and a caregiver was significant situational factors affecting the level of burden, and family functioning. In addition, the income of family, and help from other family members were related to the level of burden. Given the results, it is essential to develop nursing intervention to reduce burden and to improve family functioning, such as support groups.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 2002

This study examined which factors influence the parental borrowing for children's college education in the U.S. A double-hurdle model was applied to analyze both the parents’decision to borrow and the amount of borrowing. Parents’income and total costs of college attendance had significant positive effects on both the decision to borrow and the amount borrowed. Students’income, parents’cash and savings had significant negative impacts on the amount borrowed, while home equity and the students’expected future income were significant positive factors. Greater amounts of grants significantly increased the probability of borrowing, but reduced the loan amount. Parents with smaller household size, and those who were college graduates were more likely to borrow. White parents borrowed greater amounts than did their non-White counterparts. The age of the student was a significant negative factor in the probability, as well as the level, of borrowing.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.107-120
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to figure out the wife's employment and family economic structure of urban establishing families. For this purpose 274 establishing families in Seoul and its metropolitan area were interviewed through the standardized questionnares. Finally 264 questionnares were analyzed. The major findings were as follows; 1. The 23.9% of respondents had full-time job and 12.1% had part-time job. The major reason of nonemployment was child-rearing problems. And most ofthem answered that they would have job if child-rearing problems were sloved. 2. In both full-time and part-time job wives, the employment rate of high educational level's wives was high-relatively. 3. Total household monthly income of full-time job women was higher than the ones of part-time job and full-time wives. In total monthly income of full-time job women, the rate of wife's income was about 38%. 4. The costs of clothings, the cost of traffic and the total expenditures of full-time wife's household were higher than the ones of the other households. 5. The saving rate of the urban establishing families was about 27%.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the variables which account for grandchildren caregivers' subjective well-being. The subjects of this research were 100 grandmothers who are currently caring for grandchildren. The instruments used for this study were 'Job Content Questionnaire' by Karasek(1979), 'Family Support Inventory for Worker' by King, Mattimore, King, & Adams(1995), 'Social Support Scale' by Park(1985) and 'Psychological Positive Functioning' by Ryff(1989). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations and hierarchical multiple regression. The major results of this study are as follows; First, grandchildren caregiving's demand level was negatively related to grandmothers' subjective well-being, but it's control and support level were positively related to them. Second, the variables that explained grandchildren caregivers' sutjective well-being were their marital status, income, material reward, and family support. When they had a husband, the more money they had, and with more rewards for caregiving plus family support given, the more positive subjective well-being they had.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.181-197
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to compare financial status of home-based family business with that of ensile family business, and to analyze the factors effected on financial status of both business groups. The sample consisted of 295 home-based family business and 418 ensile family business among self-employed household of 1998 Korea Household Panel Data, and analyzed into Frequencies, Percentile, t-test, $\chi$$^2$-test and Regression. The findings were as follows: First, in case of financial status of household, there was no significant difference between home-based family business and ensile family business. Second, in case of financial status of business, total sales amount and net profit of home-based family business were lower than those of onsite family business, however net profit to total sales ratio of home-based family business was higher than those of onsite family business. Third, the factors contributing to total expenditure to total income ratio of home-based family business were business owner's present economic perception, future economic expectancy and residence, while business owner's age, the number of children and of tamer, and residence were significant variables contributing to same ratio of onsite family business. The factors contributing to total asset to total debt ratio of home-based family business was only business owner's future economic expectancy, however factors affected on the counterpart were business owler's future economic expectancy and job type of family business. Fourth, the variables of sex, age, educational level of family business owner, job type and family type of family business were associated with net profit to total sales ratio of home-based family business, and sex, educational level of family business owner, job type of family business, and the number of employees were related to same ratio of the counterpart. In addition, educational level of family business owner, job type and residence were related with total sales to the number of employees ratio of home-based family business, and educational level of family business owner and job tape of family business were related to same ratio of ensile family business.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two variable groups(socio-demographic factors and psychological factors) on money management strategies and financial satisfaction. The major findings of this study are as follows : Household income, level of education of wives, and locus of control had significant effect on the level of financial satisfaction. After the effect of socio - demographic variables and psychological variables was controlled, Especially evaluating strategy was found to be the most powerful variable in explaining financial satisfaction.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.145-154
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• 2011

This study investigated the effects of young children's learning-related skills and the maternal involvement on academic abilities. The sample consisted of 310 children from 7 child-care centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. All variables were measured by the teachers and the mothers of surveyed children. The instrument included the Korean Child Development Inventory(K-CDI) for 4 to 6-year olds and Preschool Learning Behavior Scale(McDermott et al 2000) and the questionnaire on mother's involvement about their children's education. The collected data was analyzed by t-test and hierarchical regression using the SPSS Program. The findings are as follows. First, regardless of the family income level, verbal comprehension and numerical abilities were positively associated with their learning-related skills of young children. Second, the interaction effect of learning-related skills and the mothers' involvement on verbal comprehension of young children in the low-income families was observed. However, no interaction effect was seen in terms of learning-related skills and the maternal involvement on verbal comprehension and numerical abilities of young children in the high-income families. These findings highlight the importance of learning-related skills and their mothers' involvement during the preschool period for the low-income family in improving the early academic achievement.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.853-867
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• 1996

This study was designed and undertaken to identify the degree of burden and depression in family caregivers of patients with stroke and to determine whether burden was directly related to depression. The data were collected from October 23th to November 20th, 1995. The subjects in this study were 80 caregivers, that is, one family member and 80 patients with stroke who were hospitalized in one oriental medicine hospital located in Taejon City. The questionnaires consisted of questions regarding burden(13 item, 6 point scale) and depression(20 item, 4 point scale). Data were analyzed using percentages, means, t-test, ANOVA and Peason-correlation coefficients, done with the SAS program. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The score for family caregiver's burden was higher than the mid level for the 13 items. 2. The score for of family caregiver's depression was relatively low. 3. The relationship between burden and depression showed a significant inverse correlation. 4. In the relationships between total burden and general characteristics of the family caregivers : there were no significant differences. But, in the relationship between objective burden and general characteristics of the family caregivers ; age and education had statistically significant differences. That is, the 40's group felt more objective burden than any other age group and the high education group more than the illiterate group. 5. In the relationship between depression and general characteristics of the family caregivers ; sex, education and monthly income had statistically significant differences. That is, female caregivers felt more depression than males, and the lower the level of education and the lower the monthly income, the higher the degree of depression. 6. In the relationships between burden and general charateristics of the stroke patients, only subjective burden according to the patients' sex was significantly different. That is, caregivers felt more subjective burden when caring for male patients than for female patients. 7. In the relationships between depression and general charateristics of the stroke patients, only the patients' economic status showed a statistically significant difference. That is, caregivers felt more depression in case of patients' low economic status.