• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.315-325
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• 2021

Yeonjae(淵齋) Song Byeong-seon(宋秉璿, 1836-1905) was the ninth-generation descendant of Uam (尤庵) Song Si-yeol (宋時烈). During his lifetime, he gained the trust of Yu-rim(儒林) and was called to the court several times. However, he eventually refused an official] post and spent his life cultivating his studies in the wild. When the Eulsa Treaty(乙巳條約) was signed on November 17, Yeonjae pleaded with King Gojong about the abolition of the treaty. And on the morning of December 30, Yeon-jae committed suicide at his old house in Hoedeok(懷德). At this time, Yeon-jae sent the final appeal to the king, leaving a message to the king, the people, and Yu-rim about the restoration of national sovereignty, fulfilling his duties as a leader of Sarim(士林). After that, in 1962, Yeonjae was awarded the Order of Independence Medal of National Founding. Song Byeong-seon's excursions took place throughout his life. 22 long and short travelogues are existed today. The excursions were mainly done by land, so most of them rode horses or mules. He sometimes used floats or kilns. But he sometimes knew how to use the waterways effectively. This is because in some travel reports, routes using inland waterways and sea routes appear. The journey of the series continues all the way to finding the relics of his ancestors. In this process, it is clear that he reaffirmed its mission of succession to the family and promised to be a part of the brilliant feat of the ancestors. In addition, the reading of the scriptures and Neo-Confucian discussion were added to the excursions. His excursions continued as a means of publicizing and expanding the Neo-Confucian worldview. Thus, Yeonjae inherited the spirit of John Wangyangi(尊王攘夷) left by his ancestors, and finally raised the banner of Wijeongcheoksa(衛正斥邪) high. And he resolutely set out on the road to death for the country.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.218-227
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• 2022

Purpose: To analyze the characteristics of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) over the past three decades in Argentina and determine if there are differences between the first two decades and the past decade. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter analytical study in children with IBD between 0 and 18 years of age diagnosed between 1987 and 2017 in three tertiary health centers in Argentina. The evaluation included clinical characterization, endoscopy, histology, and imaging data together with therapeutic strategies. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, diagnosed between 1987 and 2007, and Group 2, diagnosed between 2008 and 2017. Results: Of the 756 patients included, 409 (54%) had ulcerative colitis (UC), 250 (33%) had Crohn's disease (CD), and 97 (13%) had IBD-unclassified (IBD-U). The positive family history was 3.8%, which was more frequent among children under two years of age (6.7%). There were no significant differences in clinical presentation and extraintestinal manifestations between periods, with hepatic manifestations being the most frequent. In the last decade, we found an upward trend in CD, a downward trend in UC/IBD-U, even after adjustment for socioeconomic status, and a decrease of 50% in surgical treatments coinciding with the advent of biological therapy. Conclusion: This is the first multicenter cohort study in a Latin American country to describe clinical, endoscopic, and therapeutic data across the past 30-year period. Although CD was responsible for the overall increase in incidence, UC was still prevalent in this region.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2021

Propionic acidemia (PA) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder, due to the deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). PCC is the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of propionyl-CoA to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, and it is critical for the metabolism of amino acids, odd-chain fatty acids, and side chains of cholesterol. The clinical manifestations present mostly at the neonatal period with life-threatening metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia. Here, we described a case of a 16-year-old Korean boy with late-onset PA who presented with embolic cerebral infarction due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) with left ventricular noncompaction. And he has family history of sudden cardiac death, so we performed metabolic screening and genetic tests. Elevated levels of 3-hydroxypropionic acid, methylcitric acid and propionylglycerine were detected in urine. Plasma acylcarnitine profile showed elevated propionylcarnitine (C3). Diagnosis of PA was confirmed by genetic analysis, which revealed compound heterozygous mutations, c.[1151T>G] (p.[Phe384Cys]) and c.[1228C>T] (p.[Arg410Trp]) in PCCB gene. His heart function is in improving state and the results of biochemical analysis are stable with heart failure medication and metabolic managements. We present a case of patient without episodes of metabolic decompensation who manifests DCMP as the first symptom of PA.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

Objectives: Tic disorders are highly heritable; however, growing evidence suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in their pathogenesis. Studies on these factors have been inconsistent, with conflicting results. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations of pre- and perinatal exposure to Tourette syndrome (TS) or chronic tic disorders (CTD) in Korean school-aged children. Methods: This case-control study used data from a large prospective cohort study. The primary outcome was TS/CTD diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria and Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Korean Version. Demographic, pre-, and perinatal information was obtained from the maternal questionnaires. Data between the TS/CTD and control groups were compared using the chi-squared or Student's t-test, as appropriate. Two-step logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between TS/CTD and pre- and perinatal risk factors. Results: We included of 223 children (78 with TS/CTD and 145 controls). Significant differences in the demographic data between the two groups were observed. The male sex ratio, mean parental age, parental final education level, and family history of tics were included as confounders. In the final adjusted multivariable model, TS/CTD was significantly associated with antiemetic exposure during pregnancy (odds ratio [OR]=16.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49-185.22, p=0.02) and medically assisted reproduction (OR=7.89, 95% CI 2.28-27.28, p=0.01). Conclusion: Antiemetic exposure and medically assisted reproduction are significantly associated with the risk of TS/CTD. These results should be replicated in future prospective and gene-by-environment studies.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2010

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the acute stroke patient who take Gwakhyangjeonggisan, and provide the basis of Gwakhyangjeonggisan prescription Method : We studied hospitalized patients within 4 weeks after their ictus who were admitted at Kyunghee University Oriental Medical Center, Kyunghee University East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyungwon University Oriental Medical Center, Semyung University Oriental Medical Center from February 2010 to July 2010 We compared the general characteristics of acute stroke patient according to herb medicine Result : The patient who take Gwakhyangjeonggisan show significant difference for sex, family history of Stroke, Face color, Tongue color, Pulse condition, HDL Cholesterol, Fastfood eating, Waist circumference. Conclusion : The above result show that Gwakhyangjeonggisan can be prescribed to stroke patient whose complaining gastrointestinal symptoms, & Oriental Medical Diagnosis is Cold & Deficiency type. Further studies will be needed to better understand the difference between Gwakhyangjeonggisan group and Other herb medicine among acute stroke patients.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2010

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the acute stroke patient who took Chungpyesagan-tang, and provide the basis of Chungpyesagan-tang prescription. Method : We studied hospitalized patients within 4 weeks after their occur who were admitted at Kyunghee University Oriental Medical Center, Kyunghee University East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyungwon University Oriental Medical Center, Semyung University Oriental Medical Center from February 2010 to July 2010. We compared the general characteristics of acute stroke patient with herbal medicine. Result : The patient who took Chungpyesagan-tang showed significant difference for age, family history of hypertension, ALT, coffee drinking, fastfood eating, stool, Oriental Medical Diagnosis. Conclusion : The above result show that Chungpyesagan-tang can be prescribed to stroke patient whose stool is hard, whose Oriental Medical Diagnosis is fever type. Further studies will be needed to better understand the difference between Chungpyesagan-tang group and Other herbal medicine among acute stroke patients.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2006

Objectives : The purposes of this study were to investigate that a blepharospasm means the presymptom of stroke based on the traditional hypothesis in the oriental medicine and to compare a blepharospasm with warning signs of stroke in the western medicine. Methods : In the time period Oct. 2005 to Oct. 2006, 409 patients with a first-ever stroke admitted in the department of Internal Medicine of Kyungwon University In-cheon Oriental Medical Hospital, Kyunghee University Oriental Medical Hospital, Dongguk Il-san Oriental Medical Hospital were included. Patients were hospitalized within 14 days after the onset of stroke. Stroke patients were interviewed by residents who studied standard operation procedures in Fundamental Study for Standardization and Objectification of Differentiation and Pattern Identification of Syndrome of Oriental Medicine for Stroke. A questionnaire was completed by a question-and-answer form between patients and residents after explanation details to patients and the agreement of patients. Results : Age, care of patients or grandson, diabetes mellitus, and smoking were higher among cerebral infarction group, while smoking was higher among hemorrhage group. Female, young age, hyperlipidemia, hypertension in the family history and fat body in waist-hip ratio were higher among patients undergoing the blepharospasm before stroke onset. And the incidence of blepharospasm was lower in patients who dislike the fast food. Finally, when we compared a blepharospasm with warning signs of stroke in the western medicine, the incidence of blepharospasm in this study were the most frequent. Conclusion : In this study, the incidence of blepharospasm in patients before stroke onset was more frequent than that of warning signs in the western medicine. But more data from prospective cohort studies should be collected to be accepted that the blepharospasm is the presymptom of stroke as like warning signs in the western medicine.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.780-788
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between famine exposure in early life and the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood during the 1959-1961 Chinese Famine. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,418 individuals aged 35-74 years free of diabetes from two studies in 2006 and 2009 were followed up prospectively in 2009 and 2012, respectively. Famine exposure was classified as unexposed (individuals born in 1962-1978), fetal exposed (individuals born in 1959-1961), child exposed (individuals born in 1949-1958), and adolescent/adult exposed (born in 1931-1948). A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between famine exposure and diabetes after adjustment for potential covariates. RESULTS: During a three-year follow-up, the age-adjusted incidence rates of type 2 diabetes were 5.7%, 14.5%, 12.7%, and 17.8% in unexposed, fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Relative to the unexposed group, the relative risks (95% confidence interval) for diabetes were 2.15 (1.29-3.60), 1.53 (0.93-2.51), and 1.65 (0.75-3.63) in the fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, after controlling for potential covariates. The interactions between famine exposure and obesity, education level, and family history of diabetes were not observed, except for the urbanization type. Individuals living in rural areas with fetal and childhood famine exposure were at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, with relative risks of 8.79 (1.82-42.54) and 2.33 (1.17-4.65), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that famine exposure in early life is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes, particularly in women. Early identification and intervention may help prevent diabetes in later life.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.527-538
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• 2011

The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the effect of employment and quality of employment of senior job training. The questionnaire administered to 576 senior job trainees(over 50 years old) and 28 training institute before and after job training to survey job training characteristics, training institute characteristics and trainee characteristics. The results were as follows : First, independence test(X2) revealed that occupational category, period of training, type of institution, training history, location, and trainee's education level had significant difference on employment. Second, The probability of employment was higher in new and well-equipped public institution than private or old public institution. Third, compared with the prior wage, the wage after training decreased. This result suggested that the unemployed senior can hardly be reemployed in prior level job. The result of analysis on the cases of increased wage after training revealed that the trainees who was women, had a little dependent family, a shorter unemployed period, and a higher prior wage showed higher wage than prior wage after training.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.24-37
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• 2023

This study analyzes the materials and external characteristics of the Angbu-ilgu, a kind of scaphe sundial, which was newly designated as a Korean Treasure in 2022. The Angbu-ilgu Treasure is owned by three institutions - the National Palace Museum Of Korea, Gyeongju National Museum, and Sungshin Women's University Museum - and is similar as a twin in its material, size, outward appearance, as well as production techniques that include casting, silver inlays, and metal joints. The Three-Treasure Angbu-ilgu is made of brass in the ratio of 90.6: 6.0: 1.8 with Cu: Zn: Pb. This composition clearly differs from Treasure No. 845, an Angbuilgu which has a composition ratio of 82.2: 3.7: 11.8 with Cu: Zn: Pb. In this new Angbu-ilgu Treasure, the hemisphere's stand has four vertical pillars sculpted in a dragon pattern and bilateral wings carved in a cloud pattern on the pillars, which are joined to the hemisphere's horizontal ring with rivets and silver solders, respectively. The dragon-in-clouds pillar (雲龍柱) shows the most outstanding formative beauty of the various Angbu-ilgu pillars produced in the late Joseon Dynasty. It can be seen that the altitude of the north pole engraved on the Angbu-ilgu was made after 1713. Production is, however, actually estimated to have occurred close to the 19th century, the era of the Jinju Kang family, who were professional Angbuilgu makers. Hopefully, this study will lead to a historical science and technology review with modern scientific instruments analyzing the materials and external characteristics of the three Angbu-ilgus designated as a Korean Treasure in 2022.