• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to give the classification of homogeneous integral table algebras of degree 5 containing a faithful real element of which 2. In fact, these algebras are classified to exact isomorphism, that is the sets of structure constants which arise from the given basis are completely determined. This is work towards classifying homogeneous integral table algebras of degree 5. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification : 20C05, 20C99.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2012

There have been some study characterizing monoids by homological classification using the properties around projectivity, injectivity, or regularity of acts. In particular Kilp and Knauer([4]) have analyzed monoids over which all acts with one of the properties around projectivity or injectivity are regular. However Kilp and Knauer left over problems of characterization of monoids over which all regular right S-acts are (weakly) at, (weakly) injective or faithful. Among these open problems, Liu([3]) proved that all regular right S-acts are (weakly) at if and only if es is a von Neumann regular element of S for all $s{\in}S$ and $e^2=e{\in}T$, and that all regular right S-acts are faithful if and only if all right ideals eS, $e^2=e{\in}T$, are faithful. But it still remains an open question to characterize over which all regular right S-acts are weakly injective or injective. Hence the purpose of this study is to investigate the relations between regular right S-acts and weakly injective right S-acts, and then characterize the monoid over which all regular right S-acts are weakly injective.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.83-101
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• 2005

This paper summarizes the application of a rational methodology for the structural assessment of older reinforced concrete Tunisian bridges. This methodology is based on ambient vibration measurement of the bridge, identification of the structure's modal signature and finite element model updating. The selected case study is the Boujnah bridge of the Tunis-Msaken Highway. This bridge is made of a continuous four-span simply supported reinforced concrete slab without girders resting on elastomeric bearings at each support. Ambient vibration tests were conducted on the bridge using a data acquisition system with nine force-balance accelerometers placed at selected locations of the bridge. The Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition technique was applied to extract the dynamic characteristics of the bridge. The finite element model was updated in order to obtain a reasonable correlation between experimental and numerical modal properties. For the model updating part of the study, the parameters selected for the updating process include the concrete modulus of elasticity, the elastic bearing stiffness and the foundation spring stiffnesses. The primary objective of the paper is to demonstrate the use of the Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition technique combined with model updating to provide data that could be used to assess the structural condition of the selected bridge. The application of the proposed methodology led to a relatively faithful linear elastic model of the bridge in its present condition.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.919-925
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• 2006

An accurate mathematical model for complex stiffness of the pneumatic spring would be necessary for an efficient design of a pneumatic spring used in vibration isolation tables for precision instruments such as optical devices or nano-scale equipments. A diaphragm, often employed for prevention of air leakage, plays a significant role of complex stiffness element as well as the pressurized air itself Therefore, effects of the diaphragm need to be included in the dynamic model for a more faithful description of dynamic behavior of pneumatic spring. But the complex stiffness of diaphragm is difficult to predict In an analytical way, since it is a rubber membrane of complicated shape in itself. Moreover, the diaphragm should be expandable in response to pressurization inside a chamber, which makes direct measurement of complex stiffness of diaphragm extremely difficult. In our earlier research, the complex stiffness of diaphragm was indirectly measured, which was just to eliminate the theoretical stiffness of pressurized air from the measured complex stiffness of the pneumatic spring. In order to reflect complex stiffness of inflated diaphragm on the total stiffness at the initial design or design improvement stage, however. it is required to be able to predict beforehand. In this paper, how to predict the complex stiffness of inflated rubber diaphragm by commercial FE codes (e.g. ABAQUS) will be discussed and the results will be compared with the indirectly measured values.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the neuro architecture items and detailed elements that can be considered for each detailed space in the future medical space design development through the development of a checklist of neuro architecture elements that can be utilized in medical space design. Methods:: This study first develops the neuro architecture element through theoretical research and prepares the basic plan for the checklist through consultation with the employees of the design company in which the researcher works. Finally, a checklist was developed through a survey of nine experts, including designers, hospital staff, and professors. Results: The result of this study 1) The neuro architecture component was developed in seven categories: light, color, sound, air, image, nature, ergonomic furniture and equipment. 2) Specifically, it consists of 49 elements including 7 light elements, 7 color elements, 5 sound elements, 4 air elements, 11 image elements, 6 elements in nature, 9 elements in ergonomic furniture and equipment. It was. 3) Although each of the detailed elements is more preferred according to the space, in general, all the elements should be considered in the context of the hospital space design. Implications: The checklist on the neuro architecture element will enable the development of the most faithful design as an efficient and useful tool for applying the neuro architecture philosophy that considers human beings in hospital design and pursues healing and happiness.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.118-128
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• 2011

영상에서의 음악의 기능은 내러티브의 보조적 역할에서부터 내러티브를 본격적으로 전개하는 주요소등으로 그 폭이 매우 넓다. 이는 최근의 영상, 광고, 뮤직비디오 등의 분야에서도 마찬가지다. 과거에도 청각적 장르인 음악을 시각적 영상으로 표현하는 시도가 꽤 많았으나, 장편 영화로까지 전개된 경우에는 디즈니의 <환타지아> 이전에는 거의 없었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 디즈니 애니메이션인 <환타지아>와 <환타지아 2000>에 나타난 음악적 요소와 내러티브의 상관관계를 연구하여, 두 작품의 변별적 차이점을 살펴보고자 한다. 가장 뚜렸한 차이점을 지적하자면, <환타지아>에서는 음악작품에 내재된 본래의 의미론적 해석에 충실한 내러티브 구조의 영상이라면, <환타지아 2000>은 각각의 곡이 갖고 있는 총체적 음향의 특성을 최대한 표현하기 위한 내러티브의 영상물이라고 하겠다. 이와 같은 관점에서 그 차이점들을 상술하여 두 작품의 감상의 폭을 넓히는데 중점을 두고자 한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2015

For this research with the objects of spaces in two department stores which can be referred to as representative facility of commercial space, observation test has carried out to estimate how much visitors rivet their eyes to the display of shops. In addition, to find out what effect the difference among the department types has on the selective attention to space element, the observation time was applied as a medium for estimation. The followings are the result from analyzing the observation frequency and the observation intensity feature of each section where the characteristics of design could be found at attention. First, both images of A and B had concentrative dominant-observation at left shops. In case of Image A, Customers began to observe the right shops very attentively after 25 seconds, and with Image B, the attentive observation at right and left took place alternatively after 35 seconds. In other words, regardless of the characteristics of shop displays, the left shops were observed first while in case of the observation after the early and middle time-frame the characteristics of shops were found to have effects on observation. Second, the normal observation showed some difference among attention sections over time while on the whole both images of A and B had the same highly attentive observation at the middle space. Accordingly, it could be concluded that the middle space was playing a faithful role as background for commercial spaces. Third, the ignorant observation, which is the opposite to the attentive observation, was found different between the images of A and B. When the ignorant observation is considered to have intentionality, it will be possible to set up the display which may attract the attention aggressively by the process of figuring out the characteristics of ignored shops.

• 영어영문학
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.73-105
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to contend the importance of resurrection of fluid identity and ecological imagination for making the habitable biosphere in Marilynne Robinson's Housekeeping. Ruth as a narrator suggests the future-oriented vision that the environment and nature(mother) can be resurrected, crossing Fingerbone bridge of the boundary line of society/nature as a faithful follower of her aunt Sylvie and becoming the existence with a transparent voice despite of her absence. This novel is to rewrite the American pastoral. Based on the patriarchical way despite of the absence of Edmund Foster, Sylvia's conventional housekeeping is to divide between inside and outside of the house. Nevertheless, Sylvia's relentless efforts to keep her house intact turns out to be fragile. Contrasting with Sylvia, Sylvie's housekeeping is to recognize the continuity of inside and outside. She willingly accepts the reconciliation of the self, the nature and the society. After Ruth and Lucille's staying at night in the lake, they are diverged into going their own way. Ruth accepts Sylvie as a substitute mother. Lucille leaves the house voluntarily and go to her Home Economics teacher, Miss Royce, pursuing the ideal mother of symbolic society. Sylvie and Ruth has the more intimate bond, with their trip to the deserted house in the valley. Ruth meditates on the non-solidity of house and the resurrection of her family. Leaving their house to escape from the town people's legal enforcement, Sylvie and Ruth become transients. Although their history is completed by the drown-death publicly, they always want to visit Lucille's well kept house in Fingerbone. Therefore the method for making Ruth and Sylvie as the existences of ecological imagination return to the real world is to accept the reconciliation of nature and society. This novel is not limited as the binary opposition of vagrance/stability and transience/durability. The significant element of fluid identity can be composed of the interactions with transience and stability.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2016

트릭스터는 고대부터 '속임수를 쓰는 자'라고 정의되어 왔다. 다시 말해 속임수를 통해 다른 인물과는 다른 자신만의 특징을 드러내고, 어떤 상황에서든지 그 상황을 자신에게 유리하게 만드는 능력을 가진 자라는 것이다. 본고는 기존 트릭스터 연구에서 논한 트릭스터의 기본 개념과 특징을 살펴보고, 탈춤에서 트릭스터 유형에 해당하는 말뚝이에 대해 알아보는 데 그 목적을 둔 연구이다. 트릭스터는 '속이는 자'이기는 하지만 성격이 애매하고 정상적이지 않으며, 경계성 또는 이중성, 다가치성의 특성을 가지고 있기 때문에 단순히 '속이는 자'로만 정의할 수 없다. 트릭스터의 특성을 말함에 있어 "경계성"은 중요한데 공간, 시간, 사회, 언어 등 모든 면의 경계에 존재하면서 속이고, 장난하고, 욕심을 채우면서 사회질서를 공격하는 특성을 가진 인물이기 때문이다. 탈춤에 등장하는 인물인 말뚝이는 신분은 천하지만 양반에게 거침없는 공격을 하는 인물이다. 이는 당시 삼정문란과 잦은 외침으로 양반의 무능력과 부도덕함을 느낀 민중들의 마음을 대변하는 대리자의 모습인 것이다. 말뚝이는 언어유희를 통해 양반을 조롱하고 비하하며, 자신의 행동이 가져올 결과를 두려워하지 않고 현재에 충실한 모습들을 보이는데 이는 트릭스터로서의 성격을 가진다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제58호
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• pp.201-243
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• 2018

한 종교의 죽음에 관한 이론을 살피는 작업은 바로 그 종교의 정체성과 그 특징을 읽어내기 위한 필수불가결의 과정이다. 또한 죽음관을 살펴보는 일은 인간 자신의 실제적인 삶의 문제에 종교가 어떻게 직접적으로 영향을 미치며 관여해 왔는지, 또 관여하고 있는지, 앞으로도 어떻게 관여할 것인지, 그 중요한 단초를 보여준다는 점에서도 의미가 크다. 이 연구에서는 증산계 신종교의 죽음관과 유교, 도교의 죽음관을 비교 분석해보았다. 이들 간의 죽음관의 비교를 거쳐 증산계 신종교와 유교, 도교의 죽음관의 유사성과 차이점을 드러내 보고자 하였다. 이를 통해 증산계 신종교의 종교적 특성과 정체성을 밝히고, 아울러 사회적 역할과 기능을 확인하는 것이 이 연구의 목적이다. 증산계 신종교는 인간이 사후에 어떻게 된다고 보는가? 이 물음은 사후에 인간이 어떤 모습으로 존재하게 되는지? 사후에도 동일한 정체성을 유지하는지? 가족과의 관계가 어떻게 되는 것인지? 어떤 일을 하게 되며 어떤 일을 겪게 되는 것인지? 윤회 또는 환생을 하는지? 등의 여러 문제를 함축한다. 이를 하나씩 유교 도교와 비교하여 살펴보았다. 이 연구는 기본적으로는 비교종교학적 방법으로 진행되었다. 죽음에 대한 설명은 죽음을 대면하는 개인의 심리적 의식을 해명하는 심리학적 층차, 인간 개념에 대한 철학적 이해를 통해 죽음을 해명하는 철학-종교적 층차, 죽음을 처리하는 사회적 의례의 분석을 통해 죽음의 사회문화적 의미를 해명하는 사회학적(문화론적) 층차 등 세 층차에서 살펴볼 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 유교와 도교 그리고 증산계 신종교의 죽음관에 대해 철학적 층차에 중점을 두면서 문화론적 의미도 함께 비교 검토해보았다. 증산계 신종교 죽음관을 이해하는데 있어서 그것을 구성하는 핵심 요소들인 혼(魂), 백(魄), 신(神), 영(靈), 선(仙)에 대한 설명이 필수불가결하다. 증산계 신종교의 죽음관에는 수용과 극복이라는 중층성이 있다. 이 연구에서는 유교 도교와의 비교를 통해 이들 선행연구의 문제점과 한계점들에 대한 보완 작업을 시도해 보았다. 이러한 과정을 통해서 증산계 신종교 죽음관의 핵심적 요소들을 좀 더 분명히 드러내 보이고자 하였고, 그 특징을 하나하나 밝혀내 보고자 하였다. 이와 같은 죽음관에 대한 좀 더 선명하고 체계적인 논의를 바탕으로 앞으로 죽음의례, 시신 처리, 장례 문제, 죽음 교육, 안락사, 자살 문제를 포함하는 임종의 문제, 지옥의 문제, 죽음을 맞이하는 사람의 심리 문제, 개벽시대 죽은 이들의 부활 문제 등을 논점으로 해서 증산계 신종교 죽음관의 내용들을 좀 더 구체적으로 더 추출할 수 있게 될 것이다.