• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.17-41
• /
• 1996

In the situation of rapid industrialization based on the lopsided development of economy since 1960, Korean rural society has faced a crisis of disruption. As a result, the civilian government has tried a few actions to change the circumstance. However, it is said that the coral polices were not satisfactory. Those who were concerned with the rural problems of these days argue that it is necessary to adopt new policies and further to change the policymakers` philosophies concerning the matter. The arguments are certainly based on the beliefs that the sound policies come from the sound philosophies. This study aims to analyze the existing rural polices and their policymakers` philosophies and to design of a new paradigm. For the purpose, this study was set there specific objectives: First, to overview the moor points of Quantitative Utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and the Social Justice Theory of John Rawls, the contrasting frameworks of the moral philosophies; Second, to trace the major or trade of the rural policies since 1960s in Korea; Third, to analyze the policymakers` philosophies reflected on the rural policies; Fourth, to design a new paradigm of the rural policies. This study mainly adopted descriptive method based on the various source of government and non-government statistics, white papers and other researches. The major findings of this study may be summarized as follows: 1. The historical epochs of the rural policies in Korea was divided into the periods: (1) An organizational and institutional establishment for self-reliance of main crops and the New Village Movement $(1969{\sim}70)$; (2) An initiation of `open-door` policies to the foreign farm products $(1970{\sim}80)$; (3) Completion of the UR meetings and the recommendations of the Rural and Fishery Development Commission (1980-present). 2. It was found that the philosophical foundations of coral policies were directly reflected from the utilitarianism of the national development. Under the philosophy it was the modem sector of economy that was to spearhead the national development, and the rural sector was situated to the peripheral position and hardly in the spot-light. Therefore, it may be said that the present situation of the rural society was largely rooted in the model of economic development. 3. As a new direction of the coral policies, many studies were focussing on the NTC (non-trade concerns) functions of agriculture for the present and future society. The researchers argue that the cost of protecting and supporting agriculture and rural society may be higher than that of the burden which the nation should be bear in the case of failure of agriculture. Although it tray be true, however, it should be noted that the argument is another type of utilitarianism which prevailed in the past. As a philosophy of rural policies, utilitarianism is straight forward and persuasive, however, it has also limitations in terms of relativism in broad sense or social justice in specific manna. 4. This study suggests to set the philosophical foundations of rural policies on the basis of Rawl`s Theory of Justice mentioned earlier. It emphasizes the inviolability of social justice which was neglected for the national benefits timing the period of development dictatorship in 1960s and 1970s. The principles of social justice for coral people were identified as twofold; (1) The principle of the t equal liberty; (2) (a) Difference principle, (b) The principle of fair equality of opportunity.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제12권8호
• /
• pp.17-29
• /
• 2014

Purpose - The use of corporate social activities to implement the concept of corporate social responsibility enhances brand equity and attitude, and strengthens economic competitiveness. In areas such as mobile communications, companies take the responsibility of protecting customers and enhance the quality of the mobile communication service, helping to make an effort to obey the regulations of the public trade order and fair trade agreement, enabling a healthy society through communication with elderly living alone or youths without parents, and enhancing marketing strategies. Research design, data, and methodology - To test the hypothesis, a survey was conducted. The surveyed population includes people who use the big three mobile communication services. The survey was conducted from October 4th to October 14th, 2013. A total of 500 survey questionnaires were circulated and 483 were collected; out of these, 32 were excluded due to missing or incomprehensible information. The data was analyzed with SPSS 18.0 via frequency analysis, trust analysis, search factor analysis, relationship analysis, confirmation factor analysis using AMOS 18.0, and structural equation model analysis. Results - Research on corporate social responsibility has been frequently conducted recently. Companies are perceived as social constituents satisfying the social desires of people in addition to customer needs. Further, companies are returning profits to society to satisfy community needs, because there is greater emphasis on the social responsibilities of companies. Companies' social responsibilities should include marketing strategies and the identification of customer needs. This study shows that social service activities influence brand value, which influences customer attitudes; therefore, social service activities indirectly influence customer attitudes. In order to increase customers' purchasing intention, it is essential to improve brand image via social services and provide a distinctive quality of service. Conclusions - This research has used the purposive selection method in the empirical analysis to identify the effect of social services on brand value and customer attitude. Therefore, this study revealed that businesses, whose ultimate objective is to improve customers' purchasing intention, should promote their brand equity through corporate social responsibility activities and offer a distinct service quality. Limitations in the progress of research were found and future indications to overcome these limitations are suggested as follows. First, survey responders had a limited understanding of social responsibilities; therefore, this concept needs to be explained to people first. Second, the research was done on people who live in Daejeon; thus, it is not representative of the entire country. The research has to be repeated with people in other cities. Third, there is a limitation in the study because the purposive selection method was used on Daejeon customers. In the future, a more precise selection of the population is needed. Fourth, Daejeon has unique geographical and size characteristics. Thus, customers in Seoul and other areas may display different characteristics and research on them may reveal different findings. Therefore, again, this study has to be repeated in other areas.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.91-116
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 정보통신기술을 기반으로 한 국가 단위의 연구에서 최근 데이터인 정보통신연합과 세계경제포럼의 기술변수를 사용하여 이러한 변수들이 인간의 문화가치관에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 사실 매우 흥미로운 결과를 보이고 있다고 할 수 있다. 우선 개인주의 문화차원의 경우에 정보통신기술이 B값 0.603, 유의수준 ^***p<0.001로 매우 유의미한 결과를 보이고 있다. 이것은 정보통신기술의 발전이 특히 인터넷과 매스미디어의 발전은 공적인 업무나 예약 송금업무 등을 직접 방문하지 않고도 마우스 클릭 한번으로 처리가 가능한 시대적 배경이 개인주의 수준을 높이는 결과를 만들었다고 해석할 수 있을 것이다. 권력거리의 경우에 선행연구에서 개인주의 수준과 권력거리와의 관계는 부(-)의 유의미한 결과가 있다는 것을 이미 증명하였다. 본 연구에서도 이와 같은 결과를 보여주고 있다. 또한 장기지향성의 경우에는 동양적 가치라고 할 수 있다. 처음에는 산업혁명을 통한 기술의 발전이 서구 중심적이었다면 이후 한국, 중국, 싱가포르, 대만 홍콩의 눈부신 발전은 서양적 사고에서 미처 예상하지 못했던 일대 중대한 사건이다. 이러한 국가들은 유교적 문화권에 있는 국가들이다. 또한 높은 기술수준을 보유하고 있다. 따라서 정보통신기술의 발전은 유교적 가치인 장기지향성문화에 정(+)의 유의미한 결과를 보인다고 할 수 있다.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 기술경영경제학회 1996년도 제10회 동계학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.196-238
• /
• 1996

Because global innovation-based competition is increasing and the amount of R&D expenditures becomes severely large, it is more likely that mergers and collaborative ventures tend to affect adversely to R&D competition Against this trend, enforcing agency of advanced countries including U.S.A are reassessing certain aspects of competition policy toward mergers and acquisition to ensure that procompetitive, efficiency-enhancing transactions are permitted. The role of competition policy is developing and appropriating new technology and protects the risks involved in the licensing contract of technologies. The role of intellectual property rights is also contrived to promote technological innovation and to increase consumer welfare. That is to say, dynamic efficiency of intellectual property rights includes (l) increase in social welfare and (2) promotion of growth by improvement of quality through invention and commercialization of new product as well as enhanced productive efficiency thorough appropriating new process. Because intellectual property rights are licensed to make use of complementary inputs, the rule of reason approach seems proper when applying antitrust law. To analyze the "Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing and Acquisition of Intellectual Property"by DOJ and FTC in U.S.A, the author surveyed pros and cons on innovation market approach. This approach will only be used in a narrow range of situations when the evidence is solid, concentration numbers are extremely high, and the agencies can predict with a high degree of certainty that the merger will likely lead either to a slowing in the pace of innovation or the loss of an alternative research track that is likely to lead to a product beneficial to consumers. The author introduces the studies on licensing contract of intellectual property rights and competition polices on behalf of potential inquirers. Also the author invites the interdisciplinary researchers to analyze further with a model on the aspects of the "Notice 1995-10 for Types and Criteria on Unfair Transaction Behavior in International Contracts" by Fair Trade Committee of Korea.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.41-65
• /
• 2010

It is a matter for debate that which types of dispute may be resolved by arbitration. This problem is concerning the arbitrability of the subject-matter of a dispute. National laws establish the domain of arbitration. Each state decides which matters may or may not be resolved by arbitration in accordance with its own political, social and economic policy. In response to complexity and diversity of a social phenomenon, the dispute also is various, therefore can not be settled efficiently by means of court adjudication to which applies a law strictly. To overcome such problems we are going to seek to make use of arbitration. According to Korean Arbitration Act Art. 3 (1), any dispute in private laws would be the object of arbitral proceedings. For the promotion of fair and free competition, it is increasingly wide-ranging antitrust legislation across the world. It is matter for debate what can an arbitral tribunal do when confronted with an allegation that the contract under which the arbitration is brought is itself an illegal restraint of trade or in some other way a breach of antitrust law. The underlying question is how to accommodate the conflicting congressional policies favoring resolution of private controversies by arbitration and encouraging private suits to protect the public interests served by the antitrust laws. It is necessary to inquire into the arbitrability of antitrust issues on case-by-case basis, because the types of them are quite diverse. If antitrust issues are the dispute in private laws and the contracting parties agreed to submit to arbitration disputes which have arisen or which may arise between them in the antitrust issues, the antitrust disputes are arbitrable. Not only international antitrust disputes but also domestic antitrust disputes are capable of being resolved by arbitration. When the public interests in the enforcement of antitrust legislation are asserted, it is possible to justify the annulment or the refusal of the recognition or the enforcement of an arbitral award that ignores public policy as a matter of it.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.25-50
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study is to overview what changes happened on the maritime field during the early Meiji period, how the compilation of 'Japan Fisheries' linked to the changes, and when the 'Japan Fisheries' was launched, completed and published. The trilogy of Japan Fishing Method, Japan Fishery Products, and Japan's Useful Marine Products are called "Japan's Fishery." These were completed in 1895 for almost ten years since the compilation project was launched in 1886 at the Agricultural and Commercial Ministry. Japan Fishing Method selected, improved and recorded excellent fishing and fishing methods in various Japanese regions at that time whereas Japan Fisheries Products chose excellent fish products from various methods of manufacturing and recorded the enactment and sale of fishery products. Japan's Useful Marine Products is not currently passed on, so it is not known what kind of useful marine products are recorded. However, it can be assumed that the classification method of the "Japanese Fishing Classification Table" published in 1889 was based on the Japan Fishing Index. The cited texts in Japan Fisheries Products are up to 55 documents, including Engisiki and Wakansanzaizukai's "Report of the Great Japan Fishery Association," "Ariticle of the Fisheries Fair," "The Western Fishery Manufacturing Technique" and "Trade Situation with China." Completed with extensive research from old books to the latest fishery information, "Japan's Fishery" is Japan's best "Marine Products Encyclopedia" at the time. It is also a valuable literature that can trace fishing and fishing techniques and methods of manufacturing marine products in each Japanese fishing village before the end of the nineteenth century.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.9-42
• /
• 1974

Korea is a peninsular country surrounded by seas on three sides, and the fishing industry has carried out the service of suppling to the people with important anima protein. The distribution of fishery products has very complicated structures, because the production is in charge of small producers scattering along the coast all over the country, while consumpstion is made by separate homes in areas away from producing district. The relation between these two factors the structures make very complicated. The most typical and special structures of fishery distridution are distinguished in two, that is, one is landing market, the other is inland market. Landing markets have been monopolized by fishermen's cooperatives, providing with landing facilities and building sites. Fish markets played not only an important role in the landing, but distribution and price determination of catches by auction or tender. Inland markets are two types of wholesale market in consuming center, one is the terminal market for urban consumers, the other type is the local market for rural consumers. Fundamental functions of landing markets are gathering, assessment, and distribution functions. Gathering function is in charge of wholesaler in fishery cooperative. Gathering amounts are equal to gathering capacity of wholesaler and transact ability of licensed dealers as shown below model. Gathering amount=f.gathering capacity(=pre price.landing facility.account of wholesaler.distance of fishing ground.conveniency purchasing.home port)=fㆍ transact ability of licensed dealers≒f.population or port, and table 1 indicates these relationship. Assessment and distribution functions are in charge of licensed dealers in consumption side. Assessment function should bring the value in production activity through the auction between the cooperative seller and the licensed dealer as buyer. For fair trade transaction in auction, the free competition is supposed to be a prerequisite among the licensed dealers. The ideal condition for free competition is sameness in the scale of buying amount by licensed delaers, but it is almost impossible to attain its goal in actual marketing.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.66-80
• /
• 2020

Objectives: We investigated the current status of the consent form for bee-venom pharmacopuncture therapy, which is using in Korean medicine hospitals. We suggest the development of a standard informed consent form. Method: Through the questionnaire survey, status of using informed consent form was identified at 24 Korean medicine hospitals. We analyze different types of informed consent form, which was developed by each hospitals. We investigated the types of informed consent forms for various medical procedures through electronic searches. A standard informed consent form for bee-venom pharmacopuncture therapy was developed based on the medical law and the standard informed consent form for medical procedures developed by Korea Fair Trade Mediation Agency. Result: In our survey, 65% of the hospitals do not use consent well, only 35% of the hospitals use informed consent form, and the most hospitals use self-developed informed consent form. As a result of analyzing the contents of informed consent form used in each hospitals, the explanation of diagnosis, treatment precautions, suggestions for other treatments, consequences of not performing the scheduled procedure, possibility of treatment change was insufficient. 48% of hospitals manage consent in recording on a chart, 39% in scanned documents, and 13% in digital electronic consent form. Conclusion: A standard informed consent form for Bee-venom pharmacopuncture therapy include diagnosis, effectivness, necessity, indications, method, skin reaction test, hypersensitivity questionnaire, treatment precautions, possible hypersensitivity reactions and countermeasures, suggestions for other treatments, consequences of not performing the scheduled procedure, possibility of treatment change and the name of doctor.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제44권
• /
• pp.3-29
• /
• 2009

The PECL have been drawn up by an independent body of experts from each member state of the european union under a project supported by the european commission and many other organizations. Salient features of the general provisions of the PECL, freedom of contract and pecta sunk servanda, good faith and fair dealing, most of the PECL are non-mandatory. The CISG uses the term fundamental breach in various setting. The concept of fundamental breach is a milestone in its remedial provisions. Its most important role is that it constitutes the usual precondition for the contract to be avoided(Art. 49., Art. 51., Art. 64., Art. 72., Art. 73). In addition, where the goods do not conform with the contract, a fundamental breach can give rise to a requirement to deliver substitute goods. Furthermore, a fundamental breach of contract by the seller leaves the buyer with all of his remedies intact, despite the risk having passed to him(Art. 70). Basically, PECL, PICC generally follows CISG, it was similar to all the regulation's platform though the terms and content sometimes differ. For example regarding to the non-performance and remedies, in the case of non-performance, that is the PECL/PICC term analogous to breach of contract as used in the CISG. Furthermore the PECL/PICC used fundamental non-performance refered to in PECL Art. 8:103 ; PICC Art. 7.1.1. correspond generally to the concept of fundamental breach referred to in CISG Art. 25. The main significance of the fundamental non-performance, in any systems, is to empower the aggrieved party to terminate the contract. The need for uniformity and harmony in international commercial contracts can be expected to lead to growth of international commerce subject to the CISG, PICC, and PECL. It is hoped that the present editorial remarks will provide guidance to improve understanding between the contractual party of different countries in this respect and following key-words.

• 융합보안논문지
• /
• 제16권6_2호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2016

1980년대의 민간경비는 1976년 용역경비업법이 제정되면서 마련된 제도적인 틀 속에서 성장하는 시기였다. 1980년 민간경비의 발전을 가져온 동인은 우선 저 달러가치, 저 국제금리, 저 원유가격이라는 국제경제환경에 힘입어 국내 경제가 고도성장을 하고 무역수지 흑자를 가져오면서 호황을 누리게 된 것이다. 아울러 전자산업 고도화계획에 따라 추진하던 반도체, 컴퓨터 및 통신기기분야가 육성되었다는 점이다. 이러한 경제발전에 따라 다양한 서울국제무역박람회, '86 아시안게임, '88 서울올림픽 등의 국제행사와 국내행사가 개최됨에 따라 민간경비가 참여하여 성공적인 경비업무를 수행함으로서 민간경비에 대한 인식제고와 확산의 계기가 되었다. 또 1980년대에는 일본 세콤을 비롯하여 외국기업의 한국투자 또는 한국의 기술도입이 민간경비산업에도 많은 변화를 가져온 것이다. 그동안 인적 경비를 중심으로 해오던 민간경비가 기계경비 또는 시스템경비가 보완되는 기계경비시대를 가져왔다는 점이다. 본 연구의 목적은 1980년대의 민간경비를 둘러싼 사회적 환경을 분석하고 민간경비에 발전적인 계기가 되는 중요한 요소들을 체계적으로 분석하는 것이다.