• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2005

Backgrounds and Objectives: Squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity(SCOC) in TNM stage I & II have relatively high chance to be cured compared to those in the advanced stage, but sometimes result in the treatment failure with poor prognosis. There have been few reports on the patterns of failure and the clinical courses for SCOC in stage I & II after the failure of initial treatment. This study is directed at identifying the clinical outcomes of stage I & II SCOC and the salvage rate after initial treatment and suggesting an optimal level of treatment by analyzing the patterns of failure. Material and Methods: The medical records of 36 patients with SCOC, initially diagnosed between 1995 and 2001 as TNM stage I & II were reviewed retrospectively. The patterns of failure, salvage treatment, clinical courses, and the survival of these subjects were analyzed. The minimum follow-up period of no-evidence of disease(NED) was 12 months with an average of 32.2 months. Results: Overall rate of the treatment failure in SCOC of stage I & II was 41. 7%(15/36 cases). Most of the treatment failure in the subjects with stage I tumors occurred in regional lymph node. Local failure was the most frequent form of failure in the subjects with stage II tumors after wide excision of primary tumor with elective neck dissection and/or radiation therapy. No significant correlation was noted between the safety margin and the local failure. Elective neck dissections in stage I & II SCOC had a tendency to reduce regional failure (p=0.055). The salvage rates at 24 months were 85.7% in stage I, and 37.5% in stage II. The 3-year survival rate after the failure of initial treatment was 55.0%. Conclusion: SCOC of stage I & II after the failure of initial treatment showed poor prognosis despite of the salvage treatments. This study implies that the elective neck dissections for regional lymph node should be required for SCOC of stage I & II to reduce the treatment failure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.193-205
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• 2022

The face stability of shield tunnelling is the most important control index for safety risk management. Based on the reliability of the transparent clay (TC) model test, a series of TC model tests under different buried depth were conducted to investigate the progressive failure mechanism of tunnel face. The support pressure was divided into the rapid descent stage, the slow descent stage and the basically stable stage with company of the local failure and integral failure in the internal of the soil during the failure process. The relationship between the support pressure and the soil movement characteristics of each failure stage was defined. The failure occurred from the soil in front of the tunnel face and propagated as the slip zone and the loose zone. The fitted formulas were proposed for the calculation of the failure process. The failure mode in clay was specified as the basin shape with an inverted trapezoid shape for shallow buried and appeared as the basin shape with a teardrop-like shape in deep case. The implications of these findings could help in the safety risk management of the underground construction.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2006

In the fields of mechanical reliability application, "zero" or "zero or one" failure tests are most commonly used for demonstrating reliability of a product since they reduce test duration and/or sample size compared to other test methods that guarantees the same reliability of a product with a given confidence level or consumer's risk. The test duration of the "zero or one" failure test is longer than that of "zero" failure test but it has advantage of smaller producer's risk. In this paper a two-stage test is developed that compromises the "zero" and "zero or one" failure tests. The properties of the proposed two-stage test are investigated and the three test methods are compared using a numerical example.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2019

In this study, an overtopping model experiments and three dimensional seepage characteristics at the deteriorated homogeneous reservoirs were performed to investigate the behavior of failure for embankment and spillway transitional zone due to overtopping. The failure pattern, pore water pressure, earth pressure and settlement by overtopping were compared and analyzed. The pattern of the failure by overtopping was gradually enlarged towards reservoirs crest from the spillway transition zone at initial stage. In the rapid stage and peak stage, the width and depth of failure gradually increased, and the pattern of the failure appeared irregular and several direction of the erosion. In the early stage, the pore water pressure at spillway transitional zone was more affected as its variation and failure width increased. In the peak stage, the pore water pressure was significantly increased in all locations due to the influence of seepage. The earth pressure increased gradually according to overtopping stage. The pore pressure by the numerical analysis was larger than the experimental value, and the analysis was more likely to increase steadily without any apparent variation. The horizontal and vertical displacements were the largest at the toe of slope and at the top of the dam crest, respectively. The results of this displacement distribution can be applied as a basis for determining the position of reinforcement at the downstream slope and the crest. The collapse in the overtopping stage began with erosion of the most vulnerable parts of the dam crest, and the embankment was completely collapsed as the overtopping stage increased.

• 경영과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-27
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• 1994

A reliability data processing MPRDP (Multi-Purpose Reliability Data Processor) has been developed in FORTRAN language since Jan. 1992 at KAERI (Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute). The purpose of the research is to construct a reliability database(plant-specific as well as generic) by processing various kinds of reliability data in most objective and systematic fashion. To account for generic estimates in various compendia as well as generic plants' operating experience, we developed a 'three-stage' Bayesian procedure[1] by logically combining the 'two-stage' procedure[2] and the idea for processing generic estimates[3]. The first stage manipulates generic plant data to determine a set of estimates for generic parameters,e.g. the mean and the error factor, which accordingly defines a generic failure rate distribution. Then the second stage combines these estimates with the other ones proposed by various generic compendia (we call these generic book type data). This stage adopts another Bayesian procedure to determine the final generic failure rate distribution which is to be used as a priori distribution in the third stage. Then the third stage updates the generic distribution by plant-specific data resulting in a posterior failure rate distribution. Both running failure and demand failure data can be handled in this code. In accordance with the growing needs for a consistent and well-structured reliability database, we constructed a generic reliability database by the MPRDP code[4]. About 30 generic data sources were reviewed and available data were collected and screened from them. We processed reliability data for about 100 safety related components frequently modeled in PSA. The underlying distribution for the failure rate was assumed to be lognormal or gamma, according to the PSA convention. The dependencies among the generic sources were not considered at this time. This problem will be approached in further study.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.162-168
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• 2009

FMEA(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) is a failure analysis method for the system to identify the potential failure modes, and their effects and causes to reduce or mitigate the critical effects of the system. FMEA for railway was introduced with reliability of railway system, and this was used for identifying and analysing the possible hazards qualitatively to meet the requirements in early stage of business. In general, the overall failure data of system could be managed from design stage by FMEA, and also the countermeasures to prevent many predicted failures could be established by identification of failure modes and assement of failure effects by FMEA. Using these advantages of FMEA, the effectiveness of reliability improvement could be expected if FMEA is applied continuously in operation stage. It is essential that railway vehicles are maintained with high level of safety and reliability not to happen any failures in operation. This paper is proposed the proper FMEA for maintenance of railway vehicles compared with existing FMEA.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2008

본 논문은 KSLV-I 상단부에 대한 고장모드 분석 결과와 시스템 수준의 비행시험 신뢰도 모델을 기술한다. 먼저, KSLV-I 상단부의 14개의 주요 기능과 비행시험 임무 프로파일을 분석하고, 기능 분석 결과와 임무 구간별 수행 기능 목록을 바탕으로 시스템 체계에 따른 상단부의 고장모드 계층 구조와 시스템 수준의 비행시험 신뢰도 모델을 구성한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.369-376
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• 1993

1988년 7월부터 1991년 5월까지 계명대학교 의과대학 동산의료원 치료방사선과에서 완치목적으로 고선량율 강내조사장치로 치료한 226명의 자궁경부암 환자를 대상으로 하여 치료후의 실패양상을 관찰하고자 하였다. 대상환자는 전병기에 고르게 분포하고 있으며, 최장 및 평균 추적관찰기간은 각각 60개월, 43개월이었다. 방사선치료는 외부조사를 먼저 시행하였으며, 가능한 단기간내에 강내치료를 시작하였다. 먼저 외부조사로써 대개의 환자에서 4500~6300 cGy를 골반부에 조사하였으며, 병기에 따라서 2700~4500 cGy부터 골반중앙부를 차폐하였다. 강내치료는 A점을 기준으로 전체 조사선량이 최소한 5700~7500 cGy가 되도록 하였으며, 병기별로 A점에 조사된 평균선량은 IB 6700 cGy, IIA 7200 cGy, IIB 7450 cGy, III 7600 cGy, IV 8100 cGy이었다. FIGO 병기에 따른 환자 분포 는 IB 37명 $(16.4\%),$IIA 91명 $(41.3\%),$ IIB 58명 $(25.7\%),$ III 32명 $(13.8\%),$ IV 8명 $(3.5\%)$이었다. 총 재발환자는 226명 중 54명으로 $23.9\%$이었으며, 각 병기별 재발율은 IB $13.5\%,\;IIA\15.4\%,\;IIB\;25.9\%,\;III\;46.9\%,\;IV\;62.5\%$로 병기가 진행됨에 따라서 재발율이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또 재발 부위별 양상은 54명의 재발환자 중 32명에서 골반내 단일재발이었으며, 11명은 골반재발과 원격전이가 동시에 나타났다. 그리고 나머지 11명에서 원격전이만 보였다. 43명의 국소재발의 반이상을 차지한다. 그리고 조사선량과 재발율과의 관계는 초기환자(IA, IIA)에서는 다소 유의하게 보였으나, 진행된 병기의 환자에서는 조사선량이 많았으나 치료실패율이 현저하게 높았다. 따라서 이들 환자들을 효과적으로 치료하기 위하여 단순히 치료선량을 증가시키는 것보다 다른 보조적치료, 즉 약물치료와의 병용치료 등이 절실히 요구되며, 또한 국소재발의 억제가 원격전이를 감소시킬 수 있는 한 방법일 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2019

Failure testing is a test that verifies that the system is operating in accordance with failure response requirements. A typical failure test approaches the operating system by identifying and testing system problems caused by unexpected errors during the operational phase. In this paper, we study how to evaluate these Failure at the software development stage. Evaluate the probability of failure due to code changes through the complexity and duplication of the code, and evaluate the probability of failure due to exceptional situations with bugs and test coverage extracted from static analysis. This paper studies the possibility of failure based on the code quality of software development stage.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1450-1458
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• 2018

Commutation failures can deteriorate the availability of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links and may lead to outage of the HVDC system. Most commutation failures are caused by voltage reduction due to ac system faults on inverter side. The commutation failure process can be divided into two stages. The first stage, from the occurrence to the clearing of faults, is called 'Deterioration Stage'. The second stage, from the faults clearing to restoring the power system stability, is called 'Recovery Stage'. Based on the analysis of the commutation failure process, this paper proposes a direct-current fuzzy controller including prevention and recovery controller. The prevention controller reduces the direct current to prevent Commutation failures in the 'Deterioration Stage' according to the variation of ac voltage. The recovery controller magnifies the direct current to speed up the recovery of power system in the 'Recovery Stage', based on the recovery of direct voltage. The validity of this proposed fuzzy controller is further proved by simulation with CIGRE HVDC benchmark model in PSCAD/EMTDC. The results show the commutation failures can be mitigated by the proposed direct-current fuzzy controller.