• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2022

Prestressed prefabricated hollow core concrete slabs with spans of 5 m and 10 m are commonly used since last century and still in service due to the advantage of construction convenience and durability. However, the end slabs are regularly subjected to cracks at the top and fail with brittleness due to the asymmetric boundary conditions. To better maintain such widely used type of hollow core slabs, the effect of asymmetric constraint in the end slabs are systematically studied through detailed nonlinear finite element analyses and experimental data. Experimental tests of slabs with four prestressed tendons and seven prestressed tendons with different boundary conditions were conducted. Results observe three failure modes of the slabs: the bending failure mode, shear and torsion failure mode, and transverse failure mode. Detailed nonlinear finite element models are developed to well match the failure modes and to reveal potential damage scenarios with asymmetric boundary conditions. Recommendations regarding ultimate capacity of the slabs with asymmetric boundary conditions are made to ensure a safe and rational design of prestressed concrete hollow slabs for short span bridges.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

The registration rate of eco-friendly vehicles, such as hydrogen vehicles, is increasing rapidly, however, few first responders have experienced related accidents. Accident scenarios at hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen vehicles on a road were investigated, and the relative importance of each scenario was analyzed using AHP analysis. Leakage, jet flame, and explosion that occurred inside and outside the hydrogen refueling station were reviewed, and the hydrogen gas explosion in the compartment showed the highest importance value. In case of the hydrogen vehicle, traffic accident statistics and actual accidents were used. It was analyzed that the hydrogen vessel explosion on the road due to the failure of TPRD and the leakage in the underground parking area were difficult to respond. The developed accident scenarios are expected to be used for first responder training.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.181-186
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• 2003

There are many uncertainties in structural failures or structures, so probabilistic failure cause assessment should be performed in order to consider the uncertainties. However, in many cases of forensic engineering, the failure cause assessments are performed by deterministic approach though number of uncertainties are existed in the failures or structures. Thus, deterministic approach may have possibility for leading to unreasonable and unrealistic failure cause assessment due to ignorance of the uncertainties. Therefore, probabilistic approach is needed to complement the shortcoming of deterministic approach and to perform the more reasonable and realistic failure cause assessment. In this study, reliability-based failure cause assessment (reliability based forensic engineering) is performed, which can incorporate uncertainties in failures and structures. For more practical application, the modified ETA technique is proposed, which automatically generates the defected structural model, performs structural analysis and reliability analysis, and calculates the failure probabilities of the failure events and the occurrence probabilities of the failure scenarios. Also, for more precise reliability analysis, uncertainties are estimated more reasonably by using bayesian approach based on the experimental laboratory testing data in forensic report.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.201-213
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• 2013

While recognizing the problem of reinforcement corrosion and premature structural deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures as a combined effect of mechanical and environmental actions (carbonation, ingress of chlorides), emphasis is given on the effect of the latter, as most severe and unpredictable action. In this study, a simulation tool, based on proven predictive models utilizing principles of chemical and material engineering, for the estimation of concrete service life is applied on an existing reinforced concrete bridge (${\O}$resund Link) located in a chloride environment. After a brief introduction to the structure of the models used, emphasis is given on the physicochemical processes in concrete leading to chloride induced corrosion of the embedded reinforcement. By taking under consideration the concrete, structural and environmental properties of the bridge investigated, an accurate prediction of its service life is taking place. It was observed that the proposed, and already used, relationship of service lifetime- cover is almost identical with a mean line between the lines derived from the minimum and maximum critical values considered for corrosion initiation. Thus, an excellent agreement with the project specifications is observed despite the different ways used to approach the problem. Furthermore, different scenarios of concrete cover failure, in the case when a coating is utilized, and extreme deicing salts attack are also investigated.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.375-387
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• 2018

This paper presents a review on progressive collapse mechanism of steel framed buildings exposed to fire. The influence of load ratios, strength of structural members (beam, column, slab, connection), fire scenarios, bracing systems, fire protections on the collapse mode and collapse time of structures is comprehensively reviewed. It is found that the key influencing factors include load ratio, fire scenario, bracing layout and fire protection. The application of strong beams, high load ratios, multi-compartment fires will lead to global downward collapse which is undesirable. The catenary action in beams and tensile membrane action in slabs contribute to the enhancement of structural collapse resistance, leading to a ductile collapse mechanism. It is recommended to increase the reinforcement ratio in the sagging and hogging region of slabs to not only enhance the tensile membrane action in the slab, but to prevent the failure of beam-to-column connections. It is also found that a frame may collapse in the cooling phase of compartment fires or under travelling fires. This is because that the steel members may experience maximum temperatures and maximum displacements under these two fire scenarios. An edge bay fire is more prone to induce the collapse of structures than a central bay fire. The progressive collapse of buildings can be effectively prevented by using bracing systems and fire protections. A combination of horizontal and vertical bracing systems as well as increasing the strength and stiffness of bracing members is recommended to enhance the collapse resistance. A protected frame dose not collapse immediately after the local failure but experiences a relatively long withstanding period of at least 60 mins. It is suggested to use three-dimensional models for accurate predictions of whether, when and how a structure collapses under various fire scenarios.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권10B호
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• pp.1832-1840
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• 1999

논문에서는 WDM 기술을 사용하는 완전 광전달망에서 장애를 복구할 수 있는 양 방향 BLSR/4 WDM/SHR 구조의 네트워크를 설계하였다. 제안한 네트워크는 전기적 기능이 없는 완전 광소자를 사용하여 높은 수준의 투명성을 제공하고, BLSR/4 SHR 구조를 사용함으로써 장애 복구를 효율적으로 수행할 수 있다. 또한, 제안한 BLSR/4 WDM/SHR의 여러 장애에 대한 생존성을 분석하기 위한 모델을 제시하였으며, 전파 시간, 처리 시간, 절체 시간의 파라미터를 사용하여 복구 성능을 분석하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2006

항공기 비행 시, 조종면에 고장이 발생하였을 때 이를 검출하여 제어기를 수정하거나 다른 제어기로 전환하는 방식을 주로 사용한다. 본 논문은 작동기에 고장 발생시 임의의 고장검출 알고리듬을 사용하여 고장을 검출하여, 제어기를 수정/전환하는 방식을 사용하지 않고, 신경회로망과 PCH(Pseudo-Control Hedging) 기법을 이용하여, 발생된 고장정도에 따라 제어기 스스로 판단하여 대체 조종면으로 보상해 주는 재형상 비행제어법칙을 제시한다. 제어시스템은 DMI(Dynamic Model Inversion) 기법을 적용한 내부루프(SCAS : Stability Command Augmentation System)와 Coordinate Turn을 위한 Y축 가속도 피드백 외부루프로 구성한다. 특히 고장 보상을 위해 작동기 포화를 방지하는 PCH 기법을 이중으로 적용하였다. 끝으로 몇 가지 고장상황에 따른 시뮬레이션을 통해 그 가능성을 검증하였다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

This study presents the development of a lifetime test bench for the strain wave reducer which is a precision gear reducer of the robot to realize fault diagnosis and failure prognostics. To this end, the lifetime test bench was designed to detect the vertical forward/reverse direction rotation load. Through the lifetime test bench, it is possible to apply the same load spectrum from robot working scenarios. We developed a data integration gateway for fault data collection. Through the development of dedicated software for fault diagnosis and failure prognostics, these data from vibration, noise and temperature sensors were collected and analyzed along with the operation of the lifetime evaluation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.445-457
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• 2020

An ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission system has the advantages of low circuitry loss, high bulk capacity and long-distance transmission capabilities over conventional transmission systems, but it is easier for this system to cross fault rupture zones and become damaged during earthquakes. This paper experimentally and numerically investigates the seismic responses and collapse failure of a UHV transmission tower-line system crossing a fault. A 1:25 reduced-scale model is constructed and tested by using shaking tables to evaluate the influence of the forward-directivity and fling-step effects on the responses of suspension-type towers. Furthermore, the collapse failure tests of the system under specific cross-fault scenarios are carried out. The corresponding finite element (FE) model is established in ABAQUS software and verified based on the Tian-Ma-Qu material model. The results reveal that the seismic responses of the transmission system under the cross-fault scenario are larger than those under the near-fault scenario, and the permanent ground displacements in the fling-step ground motions tend to magnify the seismic responses of the fault-crossing transmission system. The critical collapse peak ground acceleration (PGA), failure mode and weak position determined by the model experiment and numerical simulation are in relatively good agreement. The sequential failure of the members in Segments 4 and 5 leads to the collapse of the entire model, whereas other segments basically remain in the intact state.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권11B호
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• pp.987-996
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 NEMO 환경에서 핸드오버를 통해 발생할 수 있는 이동 시나리오의 정의와 핸드오버 실패시의 지연 및 패킷 손실과 전송비용의 분석을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 네트워크 노드의 이동성을 지원하며 핸드오버 절차의 성능향상을 위한 메커니즘 중 하나인 빠른 핸드오버 (FMIPv6)와 계층적 이동 IPv6 구조 (HMIPv6)가 NEMO와 결합했을 때 발생할 수 있는 네트워크 개체의 다양한 이동 시나리오를 분류하고, 각 시나리오에서의 핸드오버 실패의 경우를, 빠른 핸드오버 절차에 기반한 시점을 기준으로 정의하였으며 이동 네트워크 개체의 핸드오버가 실패했을 경우 절차를 완료하는데 필요한 지연 및 그 시간 동안의 패킷 손실과 전송비용 측면에서 분석했다.