• 대한간학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.358-366
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• 2018

Severe acute alcoholic liver disease (SAAH) unresponsive to medical therapy shows one-year-mortality rates of up to 90%. Most transplant centers request six months of alcohol abstinence prior to transplantation, the so-called "6-month rule." This regulation is not based on strong evidence, repeatedly making it a topic of controversial debates. The majority of patients with SAAH will die before fulfilling the 6-month rule. Therefore, liver transplantation (LT) protocols are becoming more flexible towards the rigid abstinence regulation, especially concerning SAAH patients. We conducted a literature review regarding LT in SAAH and its outcomes, including post-transplant mortality and recidivism. We studied available data on PubMed from 2011 and onwards whilst including articles dealing with genetic components, medical therapy and historic snapshots of alcoholism. Emerging studies recommend LT in SAAH not responding to medical therapies even without realizing the required abstinence period, since the majority of these patients would die within 6 months. SAAH without response to medical therapy has one-year-mortality rates of up to 90%. The 6-month rule is not based on strong evidence and is repeatedly a topic of controversial debates. There is genetic linkage to alcoholism and medical therapy is not as effective as estimated, yet. The 6-months-regulation has not shown to evidently decrease the risk of recidivism post-LT, which is a lifesaving treatment in SAAH patients. Insisting on rigid sobriety rules results in excluding patients with a low risk of recidivism from being transplanted. Moreover, the genetic linkage of alcoholism must be recognized.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.444-450
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• 2020

Background: In this study, we compared the incidents of humidifier disinfectants and incidents of mild hepatitis in Japan to highlight the differences in government response in the health care field in terms of "chain of responsibility". Methods: We examined whether the three mechanisms of action and the chain of responsibility hypothesis were applied to compare the cases of Korea and Japan. The incident of Japan occurred in 1987 in Misawa city, Aomori prefecture. In the 1990s, the safety of blood products increased dramatically. However, relief for infected victims was neglected. Green Cross did not notify the parties. In Korea, in the spring of 2011, a number of lung disease patients were accidentally admitted to a hospital in Seoul, and a female patient with respiratory failure symptoms expired. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted animal tests and the Ministry of Health and Welfare issued an order for forced collection of humidifier disinfectants. Results: In the case of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare had to take responsibility for follow-up measures such as the investigation of the cause, so it was tied to a "chain of responsibility". However, in the case of Korea, the Ministry of Health and Welfare was free from the chain. Conclusion: Through the comparison between the cases of Japan and Korea, we confirmed that whether or not a government organization chooses to conceal responsibility depends on its past behavior, which is whether it is free from the chain of responsibility or not. Therefore, it was reaffirmed that an organization (ministry or department) free from the chain of responsibility must exist within the government.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-87
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• 2013

This paper aims to study Thai democratic deepening and the constitutional engineering with the analytical concepts of 'power sharing' and 'accountability' focusing on the 1997 and 2007 Constitution. With regard to power sharing, the 1997 Constitution had the characteristics of majoritarian principle including a two-party system, strengthening of prime minister and the executive's power etc. It enhanced significantly the aspects of accountability compared with the previous constitutions. The institutions such as Constitutional Court, Commission on Election, Administration Court, Commission on Human Right, Ombudsman, Commission on Anti-corruption, and the Measure for Anti-money Laundering were established by the 1997 Constitution. However, such empowered accountability system were often abused by the political power groups in the political process. The 2007 Constitution has the characteristics of consensual principle including a multiparty system, proportional representation system, weakened prime minister's power, balancing of cabinet and parliament's power, pushing ahead with decentralization. However, the consensual principle of the 2007 Constitution came, in part, from the factional interests. It is similar to the 1997 Constitution in terms of accountability system, which enhanced in law but abused often in practice. One of the critical reasons for the failure of the 1997 and 2007 constitutions to consolidate democratic system was the political game played around the so-called network for the monarchy composed by the military, the civilian bureaucracy, Constitutional Court and the privileged classes. The future of the Thai democratic deepening depends on the constitutional engineering in which the factional interests should be excluded, and the rules of power sharing and accountability which traditionally played around the network for the monarchy should be effectively institutionalized.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2022

악천후나 기계적 결함에 의한 비행성(Handling Qualities) 저하는 그 상황에 익숙하지 못한 조종사에게 치명적인 위험을 줄 수 있다. 특히 결빙의 경우에는 실제로 사고가 빈번하게 일어나는 원인인 만큼 중요하게 고려해야 할 사안이다. 대다수의 기존 연구들은 결빙에 따른 공기역학적 성능 변화와 그에 따른 모델링 방법을 제시하거나 결빙을 방지하는 방법을 주로 다루었으나, 본 연구에서는 전기체(full-scale) 헬리콥터에 발생하는 결빙으로 인한 비행 성능 저하를 능동적으로 보상하는 비행제어기를 설계하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 UH-60 헬리콥터에 발생하는 결빙으로 인한 비행성 저하를 CONDUIT이라는 프로그램을 통해 보이고, 이러한 비행성 저하를 보상하기 위해 RS-LQR(Robust Servomechanism Linear Quadratic Regulation) 기법을 사용한 강인 제어기를 설계하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 강인 제어기가 헬리콥터가 결빙된 상황에서도 Level 1 비행성을 유지하는 것을 보였다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.23-54
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• 2021

While maritime arbitration industry has not been prevalent in Korea, Korea ranked fifth in terms of export volume and its shipbuilding industry ranked top globally in shipbuilding order volume in 2020. The discrepancy between the maritime industry's productivity and relative lack of maritime arbitration has had a negative impact on Korea's economic development. To address these problems, this paper i) reviews preceding research, ii) examines the Korean maritime arbitration system's status and analyzes the KCAB's maritime arbitration statistics from 2005-2020, iii) examines major foreign maritime arbitration institutions' status and strategies including LMAA, SMA, SCMA, and HKMAG, and lastly iv) suggests practical ways to promote maritime arbitration in Korea. The Suggestions for promoting maritime arbitration are 1) to prepare and promote various maritime standardized forms for the Korean shipping industry, 2) to insert an arbitration clause in medium and large-size Korean shipping firms' B/L clause, 3) to expand professional maritime manpower training and other infrastructure, and 4) to enhance the predictability of the result of arbitration through maritime arbitral awards or by examining the feasibility of the appeal system against the arbitral award only on a point of law in the future. In conclusion, the success or failure of promoting maritime arbitration in Korea depends on the will, passion, cooperation and practice of the most important key players in maritime arbitration, such as the Asia Pacific Maritime Arbitration Center (APMAC), the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board (KCAB) and the Seoul Maritime Arbitrators Association (SMAA).

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 재사용발사체 유도제어에 관한 연구를 다루었다. 이를 위하여 6자유도의 재사용발사체 운동방정식 모델링을 수행하였으며, 이를 이용하여 최적 재진입경로를 생성 및 해당 경로를 추종하는 유도제어 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 유도제어기 설계를 위하여 모델링 불확실성, 외란 및 고장에 강한 시간지연기법을 적용한 자세제어기와 비선형 유도법칙을 이용하였다. 고전적인 PD 제어기를 적용한 유도제어 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 시간지연기법을 적용한 재사용발사체의 유도제어 시뮬레이션과 비교 검증하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.521-532
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• 2021

Present paper focuses on the modeling of size effect on the compressive strength of normal concrete with the application of Discrete Element Method (DEM). Test specimens with different size and shape were cast and uniaxial compressive strength test was performed on each sample. Five different concrete mixes were used, all belonging to a different normal strength concrete class (C20/25, C30/37, C35/45, C45/55, and C50/60). The numerical simulations were carried out by using the PFC 5 software, which applies rigid spheres and contacts between them to model the material. DEM modeling of size effect could be advantageous because the development of micro-cracks in the material can be observed and the failure mode can be visualized. The series of experiments were repeated with the model after calibration. The relationship of the parallel bond strength of the contacts and the laboratory compressive strength test was analyzed by aiming to determine a relation between the compressive strength and the bond strength of different sized models. An equation was derived based on Bazant's size effect law to estimate the parallel bond strength of differently sized specimens. The parameters of the equation were optimized based on measurement data using nonlinear least-squares method with SSE (sum of squared errors) objective function. The laboratory test results showed a good agreement with the literature data (compressive strength is decreasing with the increase of the size of the specimen regardless of the shape). The derived estimation models showed strong correlation with the measurement data. The results indicated that the size effect is stronger on concretes with lower strength class due to the higher level of inhomogeneity of the material. It was observed that size effect is more significant on cube specimens than on cylinder samples, which can be caused by the side ratios of the specimens and the size of the purely compressed zone. A limit value for the minimum size of DE model for cubes and cylinder was determined, above which the size effect on compressive strength can be neglected within the investigated size range. The relationship of model size (particle number) and computational time was analyzed and a method to decrease the computational time (number of iterations) of material genesis is proposed.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2023

최근 모든 산업에 있어서 디지털 전환이 가속되고 있고 그로 인해 생산되고 이용되는 정보 및 개인정보의 활용이 기업의 성패에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 그러나 이에 대한 역기능으로서 기업의 주요 정보 및 개인정보를 탈취하거나 유출하려는 시도는 계속 증가하고 있고, 이에 대한 적절한 방어 및 대응이 절대적으로 필요하다. 그러나, 중소기업의 경우 대기업에 비해 정보보호에 대한 우선순위나 전문인력 보유 면에서 매우 미흡한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 국내에서 시행되고 있는 인증 및 진단에 대해 살펴보고, 개인정보보호법 고시 기준 확대 적용 및 지원 제도의 상시 운영을 통해서, 중소기업에 적합한 정보보호 인증 확대 적용 및 지원 제도의 실효성 제고 방안을 제시한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.351-361
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• 2024

Accurate measurement of K_IC values for gas pipeline steels is important for assessing pipe safety using failure assessment diagrams. As direct measurement of K_IC was impossible for the API X70 pipeline steel, multi-specimen fracture tests were conducted to measure J_IC using three-point bend geometry. The J values were calculated from load-displacement (F-δ) plots, and the associated crack extensions were measured from the fracture surface of test specimens. Valid data points were found for the constructed J-Δa plot resulting in J_IC=356kN/m. More data points were added analytically to the J-Δa plot to increase the number of data points without performing additional experiments for different J-Δa zones where test data was unavailable. Consequently, displacement (δ) and crack-growth (Δa) from multi-specimen tests (with small displacements) were used simultaneously, resulting in the variation of Δa-δ (crack growth law) and δ-Δa obtained for this steel. For new Δa values, corresponding δ values were first calculated from δ-Δa. Then, corresponding J values for the obtained δ values were calculated from the area under the F-δ record of a full-fractured specimen (with large displacement). Given Δa and J values for new data points, the developed J-Δa plot with extra data points yielded a satisfactory estimation of J_IC=345kN/m with only a -3.1% error. This is promising and showed that the developed technique could ease the estimation of J_IC significantly and reduce the time and cost of expensive extra fracture toughness tests.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.163-186
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• 2009

한국에서의 미사일 개발은 미국이 안보를 제공하는 대가로 그 개발을 180 km로 한정되어왔고 같은 맥락에서 남.북한간의 긴장이 가져올 수 있는 또 하나의 전쟁 위험성을 사전 차단하기 위한 목적으로 한국의 핵무기 개발도 취소된 바 있다. 이러한 제한은 한국이 2001년 MTCR (미사일 기술 통제 체제)에 가입하면서 미사일 개발 허용 거리가 300 km로 연장되었지만 북한이 핵무기는 물론 대포동 1,2호 발사로 5,500 km 이상의 대륙간 탄도탄미사일에 이용되는 로켓 발사를 추진하면서 제한 없는 군비 발전을 진행하는 것과 대비된다. 한국이 최근 우주 산업 개발을 본격 진흥하면서 지구 저 궤도에 인공위성을 진입시키는 것에서 장래 지상 36,000 km의 지구 정지궤도에 위성 진입을 계획하는 것을 염두에 둘 때 이러한 제한은 언제인가 해소되어야 할 것이다. 한국의 우주 산업은 대개가 그러하듯이 소형 위성 제작과 이를 타국 발사체에 의뢰하여 발사, 그리고 우리의 발사체 개발이라는 3단계로 진행되고 있다. 이미 지나간 소형과학위성의 3차에 걸친 발사에 이어 현재 5개의 위성사업이 진행되고 있는 바, 이들은 다음과 같다: - 무궁화 위성 - 과학기술위성 - 다목적 실용위성 - 한별위성 - 통신해양기상위성 2008년 이소연 우주 비행사의 탄생으로 한국민들의 우주에 관한 관심이 제고되고 있는 가운데 2009년 8월 나로 1호 발사는 실패로 끝났지만 계속 추진하여야 할 우주 산업에 있어서 하나의 거쳐야 할 과정에 불과하다. 한국의 우주 관련 국내법은 1987년 제정된 항공우주산업개발촉진법, 2005년 제정된 우주개발진흥법, 2008년 제정된 우주손해배상법이 있으나 전자 2개의 법은 소관부서가 상이한 것에 연유하여 중복되어 있고, 일부 미비한 점이 있어 개선이 요망된다.