• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.274-282
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate factory workers' knowledge of sanitation management of school foodstuffs and sanitation practices. A questionnaire that identified employees' food safety sanitation management knowledge and practices was developed based on a review of literature. Subjects consisted of 221 factory workers employed at 34 factories in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. Almost half of the factory workers were 40~49 years of age (45.7%), 34.8% had 1~3 years of work experience, 62.4% of the respondents received food safety education 1~2 times a month and 75.1% of the respondents were satisfied with sanitation education. However, the total score for factory worker sanitation knowledge was low: 4.63/9. Sanitation performance was self-evaluated using a Likert 5-point scale. The total mean score for the factory workers' sanitation performance was 4.63/5. Satisfaction level and the amount of sanitation education, application of sanitation knowledge, attitude regarding sanitation management, and sanitation management performance level were significantly high among workers employed in a HACCP certification facility (p<0.05). The difficulties were found to be sanitation management and the time to deliver food to schools. To instill a sense of duty and pride among workers and to ensure that the food suppliers provide best-quality school foodstuffs safely, school dietitians and factory managers must actively educate workers in safe food handling and sanitation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.4 s.28
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• pp.474-479
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• 1989

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of improvement in work environment and of segregation in a fluorescent lamp manufacturing factory. Among the total of 80 workers, 8 workers whose mercury concentration in urine reached a hazardous level ($200-299{\mu}g/l$) were moved to mercury free workplace. The follow-up examination for their mercury concentration in urine was done three times ; on May 3, 1988, September 1, 1988 and April 3, 1989. The results were as follows : 1. Mercury concentration in the air was reduced from 0.140 to 0.107 $mg/m^3$ in 4 months, and to $0.087mg/m^3$ in one year after environmental improvement in workplace. However the level still exceeded the Threshold Limit Value. 2. The geometric mean of urinary mercury concentration among 80 workers was $173.0{\mu}g/l\;(5.1{\sim}458.6{\mu}g/l$). The distribution of workers according to urinary mercury concentration showed that 9 workers (11.2%) were above the mercury poisoning level ($300{\mu}g/l$), 24 workers (30.0%) were $200-299{\mu}g/l$, 35 workers (43.8%) were $50-199{\mu}g/l$, and 12 workers (15.0%) were below 50 ${\mu}g/l$. 3. Among the 24 workers whose urinary mercury concentration was 200-299 $50-199{\mu}g/l$, 8 were able to be followed up. Their mean urinary mercury concentration before segregation was $244.9{\mu}g/l$, but decreased to $151.4{\mu}g/l$ in four months, $128.8{\mu}g/l$ in six months, and $46.8{\mu}g/l$ in one year after segregation.

• IE interfaces
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.209-222
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• 1997

The paper provides a methodology to obtain the automaticity indicator of a factory and the sequence of enabling technologies of factory automation. The automaticity indicator is the measure of the current automation status of a factory and can be used as a crucial criteria for the future automation schedule and investment. Although most industries have their own computation methods which usually consider the number of workers in the shop floor, this research covers five evaluation items of automation, such as, production facility, material transfer system, inspection and test system, information system, and flexibility. The detailed evaluation models are developed for each item. Automation sequencing prioritizes the enabling technologies of factory automation on the basis of several criteria which consist of two phases. The first phase includes the automation indicator and the second phase includes six sub-criteria such as production rate, quality, number of workers, capital investment, development duration, development difficulty. For this evaluation, AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) is introduced to prevent the decision maker's subject intention. As results of the automaticity indicator and automation sequence, the manager can save time and cost in building constructive and transparent automation plans.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 1989

Rapid socio-cultural and economic changes in the country has brought with it changes in the society's value system. For a traditional society that is increasingly being exposed to modernization but where sex norms are still very restrictive, the adolescent sexual mores takes on added significance. Adolescents are caught between two opposing forces, the changing environment that allows for freer and liberal mores and the traditional society that cannot keep pace with the changing environment and therefore demands resistance to changes. This paper focuses on problems of adolescent sexuality in this country and considers the countermeasures for the existing problems. Amongst the problems are: (a) increasingly younger age of the adolescents who start sexual intercourse (b) non-use of contraception, (c) unwanted pregnancies, (d) increase in the number of induced abortion and (e) increase in the number of unwanted children and unmarried mothers. The Korean adolescent's sexual behavior seems to follow that of the developed countries. In other words, many western modes of life and sexual values seem to bave been copied in Korea and yet Korean adolescents lack in their knowledge of sex related matters such as reproductive physiology and contraception. Among middle and high school students, female students are reported to have less knowledge on sex than male students according to a 1988 survey by KIPH. Even among the unmarried famale factory workers, only 42.5 percent replied they know of the condom, and 25.1 percent and 23.1 percent said they had knowledge of spermicide and menstrual regulation respectively. However, 14.9 percent and 13.9 percent reported that they had a knowledge of the loop and female sterilization respectively according to the 1984 study by KIPH. Among the middle school students 0.8 percent said they had experience in sexual intercourse, while 7.3 percent of the high school students reported having had sexual intercourse. The sexual intercourse experience rate among the unmarried female factory workers is 37.8 percent. Among those female factory workers with sexual experience, 46.7 percent had more than one sex partners. Only 39.1 percent of male students and 18.9 percent of female students among those with sexual intercourse experience have used contraceptives. mostly condoms and oral pills 45.1 percent of female factory workers with sexual intercourse experience used contraceptives such as pills, condoms and rhythm methods. The pregnancy experience rate among the female factory workers who had experience in sexual intercourse is 29.5 percent, which is 11.1 percent among the total respondents. Out of the 102 pregnant female workers, 98 workers(96.1 percent) terminated their pregnancy by induced abortion and 2 workders(2 percent) in natural abortion, while 1 worker(1 percent) was in pregnancy and another 1 worker had normal birth that was subsequently sent to orphanage. In order to cope with the problem of adolescent sexuality, a drastic and strong policy measures should be taken by the government. The most effective countermeasure to the adolescent sexual problems appears to the education. The sex and population education in the school is very much in need. In addition, sex education program through mass media and at the job sit-should be promoted for a healthy development of adolescents' sexual behavior. Also, the existing national family planning program, which has focused on the married couples, should be extended to the unmarried people in its scope and contents of the program.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2014

Background: The manufacture of paint involves a variety of processes that present with medical hazards. Safety initiatives are hence introduced to limit hazard exposures and promote workplace safety. This aim of this study is to assess the use of available control measures/initiatives in selected paint factories in Lagos West Senatorial District, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 400 randomly selected paint factory workers were involved in the study. A well-structured World Health Organization standard questionnaire was designed and distributed to the workers to elicit information on awareness to occupational hazards, use of personal protective devices, and commonly experienced adverse symptoms. Urine samples were obtained from 50 workers randomly selected from these 400 participants, and the concentrations of the heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium) were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: The results show that 72.5% of the respondents are aware of the hazards associated with their jobs; 30% have had formal training on hazards and safety measures; 40% do not use personal protective devices, and 90% of the respondents reported symptoms relating to hazard exposure. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in the mean heavy metal concentrations in the urine samples obtained from paint factory workers as compared with nonfactory workers. Conclusion: The need to develop effective frameworks that will initiate the integration and ensure implementation of safety regulations in paint factories is evident. Where these exist, there is a need to promote adherence to these practice guidelines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.51-65
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• 1991

This paper describes computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems as strategic information systems for business which play an important role in accelerating the speed of business, and develops a measure showing a degree of business tendency to be CIM which enables the business to check on its present status as far as CIM is concerned. It is well known that the productivity of knowledge workers is lower than that of other workers. Nowadays, a great deal of effort goes into the productivity improvement of knowledge workers. In this respect, this paper also develops a quantitative model for the productivity of knowledge workers. Finally, this paper deals with following four steps which our small business should follow through its process of CIM: [Step 1] Using expert knowledge; [Step 2] Invention of technological information; [Step 3] Feedback of factory information to the management; and, [Step 4] Accelerating the speed of business.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.4 s.28
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• pp.480-485
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• 1989

The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between personal exposure of toluene at workplace and the concentration of hippuric acid in urine of male solvent workers. The study groups are 60 toluene exposed workers who worked at video tape factory and printing factory. The results are as follows : 1. The coefficient of correlation between toluene concentration of personal exposure and concentration of urinary hippuric acid was 0.649 (regression equation Y=0.015X+0.936, Y=urinary hippuric acid concentration, X=Toluene concentration of personal exposure). 2. Urinary hippuric acid concentration of workers with TLV 100 ppm of toluene was calculated 2.44 g/L by the regression equation (Y=0.015X+0.936).

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2009

Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between job stress, depression, health-related behavior and type A behavior patterns among male workers at a steel factory. Methods: The study was done on 171 male workers, using the structured questionnaire. The data were collected in April, 2009 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that 65.5% of workers were under moderate stress, 25.7% high stress and 0.6% extremely high stress. The overall score of these workers' occupational stress was 41.9, lower than the Korean workers' average. Occupational stress was correlated with depression, type A behavior patterns, a very poor physical condition without sufficient sleep. Conclusion: Stress management program is strongly needed for these subjects working over 45 hours a week, with a very poor subjective physical condition, insufficient sleep, type A behavior patterns and signs of severe depression. Further longitudinal study is recommended to show the effect of such worker's stress management program to mitigate job-related stress.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.3 s.54
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• pp.693-700
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether workers at a factory next to a lead recycling factory in Pusan, were affected by lead contamination. The mean air lead concentration of lead recycling factory was $0.21mg/m^3(TWA=0.05mg/m^3)$. Thirty-nine male workers of Factory A, Cr. plating factory next to the lead recycling factory were exposed group and a comparison group, 62 male workers of Factory B were selected from another Cr. plating factory about 8.5km away from lead recycling factory. Air lead concentration of each workplace was checked for 4 times from August f to August 20 in 1995 by low volume air sampler. Each subject was interviewed about age, life-style, smoking, work history, and residence etc, and venous blood was drawn for lead measurement by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. We have observed that air lead concentration and blood lead concentration of Factory A was higher than Factory $B(2.6{\pm}1.6\;Vs.\;1.2{\pm}0.2{\mu}g/m^3,\;14.9{\pm}1.6\;Vs.\;12.2{\pm}1.6{\mu}g/dl)$. We believe that other environmental lead sources such as transportation and residence did not affect air lead and blood lead concentration differences of both factory. We concluded that high air lead and blood lead concentration of Factory A were caused by lead contamination generated by the neighboring lead recycling factory.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.265-275
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• 2024

Smart factory is a remarkable development from traditional manufacturing systems to data-based smart manufacturing systems that can connect and process data continuously, collected from machines, production equipment to production and business processes, capable of supporting workers in making decisions or performing work automatically. Smart factory is the key and center of the fourth industrial revolution, combining improvements in traditional manufacturing activities with digital technology to help factories achieve greater efficiency, contributing to increased revenue and reduce operating costs for businesses. Besides, the importance of smart factories is to make production more quality, efficient, competitive and sustainable. Businesses in Vietnam are in the process of learning and applying smart factory models. However, the number of businesses applying the pine factory model is still limited due to many barriers and difficulties. Therefore, in this paper we conduct a survey to assess the needs and current situation of businesses in applying smart factories and propose some specific solutions to develop and promote application of smart factory model in Vietnamese businesses.