• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7875-7878
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness of breast cancer risk factors among female university students in 24 low, middle income and emerging economy countries. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 10,242 undergraduate university students (mean age 20.7, SD=2.9) from 25 universities in 24 countries across Asia, Africa and the Americas. Using anonymous questionnaires the awareness of links between breast cancer and heredity, diet, overweight, exercise, alcohol use, smoking and stress was assessed. Results indicated that 35.4% of the women were not aware that any of these risk factors could influence breast cancer, 43.8% were aware of a genetic link, and only 12.5%, 10.9% and 10.6% correctly identified alcohol use, overweight and physical inactivity, respectively, as factors causing breast cancer. Moreover, 13.3% rated dietary fat and 11.5% fibre as influencing breast cancer; both low-fat and high-fibre diets may be weakly protective against breast cancer, and smoking (19.4%) and stress (13.5%), the most commonly chosen breast cancer lifestyle risk factors, have less clear impact on breast cancer. There were marked country differences, e.g., in regards of being aware of genetic causes of breast cancer risk in female students from Ivory Coast, India, Madagascar, Nigeria and Laos below 30% and female students from Pakistan, Singapore, Turkey, Grenada and Philippines 60 or more percent. This study provides insight in the breast cancer risk perception of young women, which can be utilized in breast cancer awareness and prevention programmes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5817-5823
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• 2013

Background: It is important to understand the perceptions of oncologists to understand the comprehensive picture of clinical presentation of breast cancer. In the absence of clear evidence, clinical practice involving patients of breast cancer in India should provide insights into stages of breast cancer with which women present to their clinics and mode of screening of breast cancer prevalent in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted to understand the perceptions of oncologists regarding clinical presentation of breast cancer, stages at which women present to clinics, and mode of screening of breast cancer prevalent in Andhra Pradesh. In-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted with ten practising oncologists from various public and private cancer hospitals in Hyderabad city to understand their perspectives on breast cancer and screening. The data were triangulated to draw inferences suitable for the current public Health scenario. Results: Late presentation was indicated as the most important cause of decreased survival among women. Most women present at Stage 3 and 4 when there is no opportunity for surgical intervention. The results indicate that there is a huge gap in awareness about breast cancer, especially in rural areas and among poor socioeconomic groups. Even despite knowledge, most women delay in reporting due to reasons like fear, embarrassment, cost, ignorance, negligence, and easy going attitude. Conclusions: It is important to improve awareness about breast cancer and screening methods for promoting early screening. The study inferred that it would be beneficial to establish cancer registries in rural areas. Also, the policymakers need to make key decisions which among three methods (breast self examination (BSE), clinical breast examination and mammography) can best be used as a screening tool and how to successfully implement population wide screening program to prevent mortality and morbidity from breast cancer in India.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1725-1729
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cancer causing death in women. Circulating tumor cells are among the prognostic factors while tumor markers are of diagnostic value and can be used for follow-up. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the prognostic significance of the serum CA15-3 levels, number of circulating tumor cells and histopathological tumor factors. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients recently diagnosed with breast cancer were included in the study. Number of circulating tumor cells and serum CA15-3 level were assessed when metastasis was detected and diagnostic value was assessed. Presence of associations with estrogen and progesterone receptors, c-erbB2, Ki-67 proliferation index and histological grade were also evaluated. Results: Median overall survival of the patients with serum CA15-3 levels of >108 ng/dl was 19 months whereas for those with a low serum level it was 62 months. Median overall survival for CTC ${\geq}5$ vs CTC<5 patients was 19 months and 40 months respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusions: Prognostic significance of the CTC count and CA15-3 levels in metastatic breast cancer patients was demonstrated.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2018

에스트로겐(E2)은 유방암의 발달과 진행에 관여하며, 에스트로겐 수용체(ER)에 의해 매개된다. ER은 유방암세포에서 epidermal growth factor receptor와 insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor의 신호전달경로들 사이에서 다양한 cross-talk을 통하여 세포의 증식, 이주, 침습 및 약물에 대한 저항성을 일으키는데 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 유방암은 내분비신호전달의 항상성 붕괴에 의해 주로 발생되며, 특히 E2/IGF-1/EGF와 ER/G-protein estrogen receptor (GPER)/IGF-1R/EGFR, 그리고 이들의 세포내 신호전달 매개인자들의 통제되지 않는 발현과 활성증가에 의해 유발된다. 이러한 변화는 E2와 성장인자 신호전달 사이의 복잡한 cross-talk에 영향을 주어 결국 암의 진행과 내분비조절인자들에 대한 저항성을 갖게 된다. 따라서, E2와 성장인자들 사이의 cross-talk에 관한 분자적 기전을 단계별로 규명하는 것은 유방암의 다양한 유형에 따른 맞춤형 치료에 기여할 것으로 사료된다. 특히, 다양한 유전형 및 표현형을 가진 유방암의 치료를 위한 전략으로서, ER+ 호르몬의존성 유방암세포에 대한 aromatase 억제제 및 E2작용 차단제의 사용과 E2와 성장인자들 사이의 cross-talk에 의한 암세포의 증식억제를 위한 IGF-1R/EGFR 활성차단제의 사용 등을 들 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라, ER과 EGFR/IGF-1R 사이의 cross-talk에 의해 조절되는 ECM 분자들의 발현변화는 유방암세포의 전이에 대한 표적치료제를 위해 활용될 수 있다. 따라서, 암의 진행과 관련된 ER, GPER, IGF-1R 및 EGFR 매개에 의한 신호전달경로들 사이의 cross-talk에 관한 보다 더 자세한 분자적 수준의 규명이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1409-1413
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• 2015

Background: According to increase in elderly populations, and change in lifestyle and cancer-causing behavior, the global burden of cancer is increasing. For prevention and control of disease, knowledge of population statistics of cancers and their trends is essential. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and trends of cancer in the province of Kerman: southeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out based on cancer registry data at the Disease Management Center of the Health Ministry from 2004 to 2009 in the province of Kerman in Iran. Common cancers were defined as the number of reported cases and standardized incidence rates. To compute the annual percentage change (APC), joinpoint 4.1.1.1 software was applied. Results: Of 10,595 registered cases, 45.3% (4802 cases) were in women and 56.7% (5,793 cases) occurred in men. The standardized incidence rates for both females and males were increasing during the six years studied. The most common cancers in both sexes during six years of studied were skin (13.4%), breast (9.35%), bladder (7.8%), stomach (7.45%), leukemia (7.05%), colorectal(5.57%), lung(4.92%), trachea(3.51%) and prostate(2.48%). Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the cancer incidence is demonstrating increasing trends in both sexes in the province of Kerman. This may be because of changes in lifestyle, increasing exposure to risk factors for cancer and increase of life expectancy. If this is the case, increasing public awareness of cancer risk factors is a high priority, together with introduction of large-scale screening techniques.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

비만은 유방암을 일으키는 잠재적 위험 요소 중 하나이며 현재 이들의 상관관계를 밝히려는 많은 연구들이 진행 중에 있다. 지방세포는 유방조직을 이루는 기질세포 중 가장 높은 비중을 차지하며, 이들이 분비하는 물질인 아디포카인이 유방암의 성장과 전이에 영향을 줄 것으로 예상되어지고 있다. 지방조직이 생산하는 아디포카인들 중 렙틴은 유방암 세포의 증식능력을 증가시키고 아디포넥틴의 경우 반대로 증식억제 기능을 보인다는 연구 결과가 있다. 또한 정상의 경우와 비교해서 비만 환자에게서 렙틴의 양은 증가되어져 있으며 그와 반대로 아디포넥틴은 비만환자에게서 감소 경향을 보인다. 이는 비만에 의하여 변화되는 아디포카인들이 서로 작용하여 비만한 유방암환자의 유방암세포증식을 촉진할 수 있음을 뜻한다. 본 연구에서는 지방세포의 분비 물질인 아디포카인들에 의해 조절되는 유방암세포의 유전자들을 조사하기 위해 유방암세포주인 MDA-MB-231 세포주에 지방세포 배양액을 처리하였으며, 이 증가되는 유전자 중 glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related protein ligand(GITRL)를 선택 연구하였다. GITRL은 지방세포 배양액을 처리한 MDA-MB-231 세포주에서 높게 발현되었으며, proteinase-K를 처리한 지방세포 배양액에 의해서는 발현 정도에 변화가 없었다. 이는 지방세포가 분비하는 단백질인자 중 하나가 유방암 세포의 GITRL 발현을 증가시킴을 말한다. 또한 유방암 세포주 MDA-MB-231 세포에서 증가된 GITRL은 그 자체의 전이 능력에는 영향을 주지 못하였으나, glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related protein(GITR)을 발현하는 자연살해 세포주인 NK92세포와의 상호작용 때에는 전이 능력을 감소시켰다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 유방질환 중 악성 종양 관련인자를 알아보고 최근에 보고 되고 있는 경구 피임약은 우리나라 여성에 어떤 영향이 있는지 알아보고자 실시 하였다. 연구 방법은 질병관리본부에서 진행한 제 7기 국민건강영양조사 자료로 질병관리본부 홈페이지를 통해 안내한 이용절차에 따라 자료를 제공 받았다. 분석된 자료는 2016년 3341명, 2017년 3263명, 2018년 3377명 총 9981명을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 연구를 통한 결과는 연령, 흡연, 음주, 고지혈증과 미혼관련 변수의 유의성을 알 수 있었고 특히 경구피임약 관련 유의성은 알 수 없었다. 본 연구를 토대로 관련 인자의 적극적 예방과 암 유발 억제 정책에 기여할 수 있으며 특히 경구피임약 관련 복용 증가 추세이므로 향후 기간 및 복용량 등 복용대상자의 지속적인 융합 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.