• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.6 s.65
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• pp.891-904
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• 1997

Today's orthodontic treatment goals lie in functional esthetics, and the importance of the latter is increasing gradually in trend. Considering such, study on growth and development of soft as well as hard tissues becomes inevitable. Early studies emphasize mainly on skeletal analysis using cephalometric data. However, more recent studies report that maxillofacial soft tissue, which plays a critical role in determining facial esthetics, is influenced by underlying hard tissue, and yet close relationship between them was not noticed. Cephalometric x-rays were taken of 137 Korean boys and 106 girls with no systemic disease, fair developmental status and normal occlusion for two consecutive years; afterwards, soft tissue analysis, which was divided into four parts, facial form lip position & posture, nose, and thickness, was done to correlate them with general growth.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.254-262
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between idiopathic scoliosis and facial deformity in the horizontal, vertical, and anteroposterior planes. Methods: A total of 123 female patients aged 14 years or older, who visited the Spine Clinic at the Department of Orthopedics, Korea University Guro Hospital for treatment of idiopathic scoliosis, were enrolled. Whole-spine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken with the patient in a naturally erect position, and frontal and lateral cephalograms were taken in an erect position with the Frankfort horizontal line parallel to the floor. Scoliosis was classified according to the Cobb angle and Lenke classification of six curve types. Cephalometric tracing in all cases was carried out with V-Ceph 5.5 by the same orthodontist. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to determine whether any relation existed between each group of the idiopathic scoliosis classification and the cephalometric measurements of frontal and lateral cephalograms. Results: The measurements did not reveal any significant association between the Cobb angle and cephalometric measurements and between the curve type based on the Lenke classification and cephalometric measurements. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, no apparent relation was observed between the severity of scoliosis and facial form variations in idiopathic scoliosis patients.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.143-154
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• 2020

Due to the widespread of COVID-19 pandemics, as the health care supplies. Thus the facial mask has been transformed from personal health product into social epidemic prevention product, and its design is more inclined to be User-centered design. First employed health facial mask which is sold in the market as the method subject, under the concept of " User-centered design", this article analyzes the design elements such as appearance and color of the facial mask. Second used the analysis approach of sample, character and positioning map, this article conducts the comparative analysis research of collected sample and data and find the relationship of User-centered design, purchase tendency and health care facial mask. When the users purchase the mask, through the research on the relationship between the choice of form or color of mask and design element of mask, it can compensate for the blank spot of design and has some references.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.259-262
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• 2005

Facial blushing is a personally disabling condition, which can result in emotional disturbance and be an impediment to social life. Although numerous treatment options exist, including beta blocker, cognitive behavioral therapy and sympathetic neurolysis, no generally accepted form of treatment has been established. Herein, we report two cases of successful reduction of facial blushing following the administration of beta blocker and a minor tranquillizing antianxiety drug.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2019

Ectodermal dysplasia is a genetic disorder in which various clinical manifestations involve two or more of the differentiated tissues of the ectoderm. Facial deformity, which is frequently associated with ectodermal dysplasia, appears in the form of cleft lip or cleft palate, especially in the middle facial area.Cleft and tooth defects result in decreased alveolar bone development.This leads to severe skeletal incongruity. Facial features include frontal protrusion, malar bone hypoplasia, flat nose, mandibular prominence and long lower facial height. This clinical report presents treatment including orthognathic surgery of a patient with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal dysplasia with cleft palate.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2011

Purpose: Facial contouring surgery for improving congenital, acquired deformity and senile change were attempt in past. Recently contouring surgery became more interested subject for improving the flat forehead and temple area. Many synthetic materials were used such as Collagen, silicon, polyacrylamide gel as liquid form and Gore-tex, silicon implant, endotine as solid form. But, these synthetic implants associate complications as foreign body reaction, infection, displacement, granuloma formation and absorption. Auto-fat injection are used for disfigurement of many part of body. We did auto-fat injection for facial contouring of forehead and temple region. Auto-fat injection is suitable without foreign body reaction, displacement, and toxic reaction. Also auto-fat is relatively simple to obtain from patient and less expensive and able to repeat surgeries. Methods: From 2006 to 2009, 150 patients were treated with Auto-fat injection for facial contouring. For follow up, we sent questionnaire to all patients but 110 patients returned answer sheets. The patients consisted of 20 male patients and 90 female patients with an age ranged from 26 to 60, and the mean 43. Fat tissue were injected 6-8 cc in forehead, 7-12 cc in temple area and fat were harvested from thigh and abdomen. Results: In follow up, all patients, showed absorption of injected fat varied degree and except two patients all patients underwent secondary fat injection. Complications were minimal and neuropraxia of facial nerve were recovered. Most of the patients were satisfied with result of procedure, and answered that they recommend same procedure to their friends and will do surgery again. Conclusion: Auto-fat injections were implemented for facial contouring in 150 patients and obtained satisfactory result. Auto-fat injection is relatively easy procedure and applicable widely. Even though, by passing time, some of the injected fats are absorbed, auto-fat injection could be choice of treatment for contouring forehead and temple. With accumulations of cases and development of surgical technique, better result could be expected.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2006

Acquired facial deformities following cancrum oris sequelae manifested variably according to the nature of tissue necrosis. In cases that tissue loss extends over a wide area of the face, or the tissue nature is different due to congenital facial cleft, it is difficult to reconstruct with a single operation. As cancrum oris has virtually disappeared from our country, clinical report of reconstruction is also rare. We report 5 cases of facial deformities following cancrum oris sequelae. Since 1988, five adult patients(4 female and 1 male) were treated by authors. These patients, with an age ranged from 47 to 58 years, all suffered from acquired facial cleft such as facial mutilation, asymmetry. The stages of operation were from 1 to maximum of 5 operations. All surgeries achieved satisfactory results after a long-term follow-up. But one surgery in the case of palatal mucosal flap for the coverage of reconstructed maxilla alveolar bone resulted tissue sloughness, followed by osteomyelitis. Those were debrided and discarded. In conclusion, all sites of deformities were positioned around one of the oral commissures. In their past medical history, they have been suffering from measles, typhoid fever and unknown febrile illness. We diagnosed the acquired facial deformity following cancrum oris sequelae. The reconstruction of acquired facial deformity following cancrum oris sequelae were difficult due to extensive multiple tissue defects. Therefore multiple staged operations were inevitable. The authors reconstructed 5 cases of simple and complex form of facial deformity with minimum staged operations. All patients were satisfied functionally and cosmetically.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.457-463
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• 1996

An esthetically pleasing result in denture service is dependent upon several consideration. Esthetic considerations for the edentulous patient include tooth size, shape, arrangement, positioning, gingival contour, age, sex, personality differences, and ethnic type. Especially, the form of anterior artificial teeth is an important factor on the esthetics. The selection of artificaial teeth requires understanding and knowledge on physical and biologic factors and has to meet the indivisul esthetics and functional needs of each patient. However, the selection of artificial teeth is based on the large degree of subjective judgement of the dentist, Therefore, this is one of the most unscientific processes. Many attempts have been made to find a guideline for the selection of artificial teeth. Temperamental theory by White and Hall utillized with the physical characteristics such as body size, body form, color of eyes and hair, and disposition. SPA theory by Frush and Fisher utilized with the basis of sex, personalities, and age of the indivisual. There has not been provided for a guideline and study on the selection of artificial teeth for Koreans yet. This study was aimed to evaluate the William's typal matching theory in Koreans. 1. The facial forms of korean adult were ovoid(46.3%), square(36.7%) and tapered(17.0%) form. 2. The anatomic forms of natural maxillary incisors were ovoid(45.3%), tapered(31.3%), square(23.3%) form. 3. The forms of face and natural maxillary incisors were ovoid(21.9%), squared(11%), tapered(6.3%). 4. The natural maxillary incisors were similar in form to the facial form only in 39%. There was no correlation between the form of the face and the form of natural maxillary central inisors in Koreans. 5. Artificaial teeth which was selected according to the typal matching theory did not represent the form of the natural teeth in 61 per cents of the fatal, but it felt that they harmonized with the form of the patient's face and produced good results.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2005

This paper describes how to distribute high multi-dimensional facial expression data of vast quantity over a suitable space and produce facial expression animations by selecting expressions while animator navigates this space in real-time. We have constructed facial spaces by using about 2400 facial expression frames on this paper. These facial spaces are created by calculating of the shortest distance between two random expressions. The distance between two points In the space of expression, which is manifold space, is described approximately as following; When the linear distance of them is shorter than a decided value, if the two expressions are adjacent after defining the expression state vector of facial status using distance matrix expressing distance between two markers, this will be considered as the shortest distance (manifold distance) of the two expressions. Once the distance of those adjacent expressions was decided, We have taken a Floyd algorithm connecting these adjacent distances to yield the shortest distance of the two expressions. We have used CCA(Curvilinear Component Analysis) technique to visualize multi-dimensional spaces, the form of expressing space, into two dimensions. While the animators navigate this two dimensional spaces, they produce a facial animation by using user interface in real-time.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2000

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign disorder of bone consisting of intramedullary proliferation of fibrous tissue and irregularly distributed, poorly developed bone. The disease manifests itself in the monostotic form in which only one bone is involved and the polyostotic form in which multiple bones at different sites are affected. We reported a extensive case of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with involvement of craniofacial bones, mandible, ribs and extremities. A 18-year-old man showed remarkable right facial swelling who had been treated on right femur 3 years ago with a bone graft for pathologic fracture and he recognized facial swelling 5 years ago. Extraoral radiograms and computed tomogram showed diffuse sclerosis with a ground glass appearance of the most cranial bones, facial bones. The right mandibular lesion showed very expansile lesion with mottled appearance. Bone scans showed mutifocal increased uptakes in craniofacial bones, right mandible, bilaterally in ribs, humerus, femur, tibia and characteristic varus deformity of right femur (shepherd's crook defomity). This case showed exceptionally bilateral, extensive nature of bone lesion and didn't show any features of skin pigmentation and endocrine disturbances.