• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2000

Prediction of the soft tissue changes following hard tissue movement is very important from the esthetic view point for patients who have orthognathic surgery. There are many cephalometric analysis of facial bone and soft tissue on the lower lip and chin region but few soft tissue analysis on the midface after mandibular setback surgery. This study was performed to obtain whether the mandibular posterior movement has influence on the midface and the predictable ratio of post-operative measurement values of the soft tissue changes following mandibular setback surgery. Fifteen patients (8 males and 7 females) who had undergone mandibular setback surgery were selected and analyzed the soft tissue movement on the upper lip and the cheek region. Post-operative changes of the soft tissue measurements after mandibular surgery were examined on pre- and post-operative cephalometrics and the ratio of changes were analyzed after drawing the reference line on the face with the barium sulfate solution. The reference lines were perpendicular to the intercanthal line from infraorbital foramen and lateral canthus. The results obtained were as follows : 1. There were tendancy of anterior movement of soft tissue adjacent the nose after mandibular surgery 2. There were incerased tendancy of the amount of anterior movement from the nasal crease to the cheek region. 3. The amount of anterior movement of the soft tissue was larger below the palatal plane compared with above the palatal plane in the cheek region. 4. The upper lip length was increased and moved posterior direction after mandibular setback surgery 5. The lower lip was moved posterior direction by posterior movement of the mandibular structure 6. Soft tissue of the midface around the nose moved anterior direction after mandibular setback surgery but there was no correlation between the amount of mandibular setback and the amount of the soft tissue changes

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.81-98
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• 2006

Objectives : Acupuncture using a tonification or sedation techniques method is used as a controlling the medication for an early stroke in the Korean medicine. LR3 has indicatons of headache, vertigo, facial paralysis, apoplexy, epiepsy as the source acupoint of a liver meridian. So this study is aims to investigate the anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of acupuncture on the focal ischemia induced by intraluminal filament insertion in rats. Methods : The focal ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. The animals were divided into seven groups (n=8 in each group) : Normal, intactness group; Conrol group, no therapy group after being ischemia induced; MA-l, acupuncture perpendicularly without Tonification or Sedation techniques at LR3 after being ischemia induced; MA-2, acupuncture obliquely towards the knee at LR3 after being ischemia induced; MA-3, acupuncture obliquely towards the toe at LR3 after being ischemia induced; MA-4, acupuncture obliquely towards the knee and rotate 9 times in a clockwise direction at LR3 after being ischemia induced; MA-5, acupuncture obliquely towards the toe and rotate 6 times in a counterclockwise direction at LR3 after being ischemia induced. The anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Acupuncture techniques of tonification or sedation at LR3 are observed by mGluR5, Bax, Cresyl violet, ChAT-stain and NGF. Results : The intensity of mGluR5 and the density of ChAT was increased in MA-1 group. The intensity of Bax was decreased in MA-3, MA-4 group. The density of neurons stained by Cresyl violet and ChAT was increased in MA-2, MA-3, MA-4, MA-5 group. The density of neurons stained by NGF was only increased in MA-4 group. Conclusions : Our study suggests that acupuncture perpendicularly without Tonification or Sedation techniques and obliquely towards the knee and rotate 9 times in a clockwise direction(Tonifying technique) at LR3 after being ischemia induced at LR3 shows anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects on cholinergic neuron in focal cerebral ischemia of the stroke in rats.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2012

기능성 전치부 반대교합을 가진 성장기 환자의 경우, 조기에 원인을 제거함으로써 골격성으로 이행하는 것을 방지하고 성장 조절로 악골 관계를 개선함으로써 정상적인 기능과 안모를 유도할 수 있다. 1966년 R$\ddot{o}$lf Fr$\ddot{a}$nkel에 의해 소개된 Functional regulator(FR)의 한 종류인 FR III는 기능성 전치부 반대교합 및 상악의 열성장을 동반한 반대교합을 치료하기 위해 유치열기, 혼합치열기 초기, 및 영구치열기에 사용되고 있다. 이 장치는 비정상적인 근육력을 차단하여 구강 내 치열 및 악골에 대한 힘의 불균형 상태를 개선하여 정상적인 성장 발육을 할 수 있게 하는 악정형 장치이다. 이번 증례에서는 초기 혼합치열기에서 기능성 반대교합을 가진 환자의 임상 케이스를 선별하여 FR III 장치를 사용하여 다음과 같은 양호한 결과를 얻었다. 1. 초기 혼합치열기 환아에서 FR III 장치를 5~6개월 정도 단기간 장착하여 전치부 반대교합을 치료하였으며, 협측 차폐판에 의해 발생할 수 있는 상악의 횡적인 악골 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 2. 상, 하악 전치의 치성 변화와 하악의 후하방 회전의 효과를 통해 정상적인 치열관계의 회복과 심미적인 안모를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2008

최근에 휴먼 컴퓨터 인터페이스 분야에서 사용자의 시선 위치를 파악하여 더욱 편리한 입력장치를 구축하고자 하는 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 하지만 복잡한 하드웨어 구성으로 제품의 가격이 매우 비싸고, 까다로운 사용자 캘리브레이션 과정으로 인해 시스템의 사용에 어려움을 겪는다. 본 논문에서는 HMD(Head Mounted Display)에 USB 카메라와 적외선을 반사시키는 hot-mirror와 적외선 조명을 이용한 시선 추적 모듈을 부착하고, 이를 통해 획득한 눈 영상의 2차원적인 분석과 간단한 사용자 캘리브레이션 과정을 통해 시선 위치를 파악하는 방법을 제안한다. HMD는 사용자의 얼굴 움직임과 함께 움직이므로, 얼굴움직임에 영향을 받지 않는 시선 추적 시스템을 구현할 수 있다. 또한, 시선 추적 시스템을 3차원 1인칭 슈팅 게임에 적응하여, 캐릭터의 시선 방향을 조정하고, 적 캐릭터를 조준하여 사격이 가능하도록 하여, 게임의 몰입감과 흥미성을 높일 수 있게 하였다. 실험 결과, 한 대의 데스크톱 컴퓨터 환경에서 게임과 시선 추적 시스템이 실시간으로 동작 가능했으며, 약 $0.88^{\circ}$의 시선 위치 추출 오차를 보였다. 또한 3차원 1인칭 슈팅게임에서 일반 마우스의 역할을 시선 추적 시스템이 문제없이 대신할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop a system for the measurement and simulation of the TMJ movement and to analyze the mandibular movement quantitatively. Materials and Methods : We devised patient-specific splints and a registration body for the TMJ movement tracking. The mandibular movements of the 12 subjects with facial deformity and 3 controls were obtained by using an optical tracking system and the patient-specific splints. The mandibular part was manually segmented from the CT volume data of a patient. Three-dimensional surface models of the maxilla and the mandible were constructed using the segmented data. The continuous movement of the mandible with respect to the maxilla could be simulated by applying the recorded positions sequentially. Trajectories of the selected reference points were calculated during simulation and analyzed. Results : The selected points were the most superior point of bilateral condyle, lower incisor point, and pogonion. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between control group and pre-surgical group in the maximum displacement of left superior condyle, lower incisor, and pogonion in vertical direction. Differences in the maximum lengths of the right and the left condyle were 0.59${\pm}$0.30 mm in pre-surgical group and 2.69${\pm}$2.63 mm in control group, which showed a significant difference (P<0.005). The maximum of differences between lengths of the right and the left calculated during one cycle also showed a significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion : Significant differences in mandibular movements between the groups implies that facial deformity have an effect on the movement asymmetry of the mandible. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2008; 38 : 203-8)

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between mandibular midline shift and anteroposterior first molar occlusal relation, and their effects on the mandibular height and the occlusal plane angle. For this study, 49 patients with temporomandibular disorders were selected. They did not show facial asymmetry and their facial midline coincide with maxillary dental midline. Upper and lower mandibular impression were taken and the casts were fabricated. Amount and direction of the mandibular midline shift and the anteroposterior shift between the two occluding first molars were measured on the casts. Several items related to height such as mandibular height from top of the articular surface of the condyle to curve changing point between antegonial notch and mandibular angle, condylar height which was the vertical distance from the articular surface to retroepicondyle of the condyle, and sigmoid height from the deepest point of sigmoid notch to the curve changing point and the occlusal plane angle were also measured on the panoramic and on the transcranial radiographs. Correlation between midline shift and anteroposterior first molar relation and comparison between right and left mandibular height by the midline shift and the first molar relation were analysed by SPSS windows program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mean amount of midline shift in the subjects with midline shift were 2.0mm for both side, respectively. The first molar relation of the ipsilateral side of midline shift showed Angle class II tendency and the contralateral side showed Angle class III tendency, which meant drift of the dentition to the side of the midline shift. 2. The occlusal plane angle on the panoramic radiograph were $13.0^{\circ}$ in right, and $12.5^{\circ}$ in left side, and their were no correlation between occlusal plane angle and mandibular midline shift and the first molar occlusal relation. 3. Angle's classification for both sides of the first molar relation were same in about half of all the subjects. Amount of deviation from class I first molar relation, however, were decreased in the contralateral side of observed side. 4. Mandibular height of the ipsilateral side to which mandibular midline shift showed tendency of lower than that of the contralateral side, and there was a tendency that the height was higher in class III subjects, then class II subjects, and lower in class I subjects. However, condylar height did not show any difference in the subjects with midline shift and also show no difference by the first molar occlusal relation.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 성별 인식을 위해 얼굴 영상을 효과적으로 기술하는 새로운 지역 패턴 방법 Local Prominent Directional Pattern (LPDP)를 제안한다. 제안된 LPDP 방법은 성별 인식에 중요한 얼굴 모양을 명확하게 구분하기 위해 주변 패턴이 누적된 히스토그램을 통계적으로 분석하고 패턴 변화가 크게 발생하는 픽셀을 부호화 한다. 통계적인 정보를 사용하는 얼굴 모양 구분에 중요한 뚜렷한 에지 방향 패턴 영역을 구분하는 중요한 정보를 제공 할 수 있다. 이는 뚜렷한 에지 방향 패턴이 나타나는 영역의 주변도 유사한 에지 방향 패턴이 나타내기 때문에 통계적으로 특정 방향이 히스토그램에 많이 누적될 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 통계적인 방법은 주변 영역의 정보를 많이 수용하기 때문에 잡음으로 발생하는 에지 방향 변화 오류에 강력한 장점이 있다. 제안된 방법은 기존 방법들 보다 더 강력한 성별인식에 중요한 얼굴 모양 구분 능력을 보여주면서 국소적으로 발생하는 잡음에 견고함을 보여준다. 우리는 제안된 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 밝기, 표정, 연령, 머리 포즈가 변화하는 성별 인식 데이터 셋에 다양한 실험을 실험 했고 기존 방법 보다 제안된 방법의 성능이 우수함을 입증했다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.55-76
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• 2007

두 개의 연구를 통해서 자동적 정서전이 현상인 정서전염과 이타행동사이의 관계를 분석하고 개인적 수준의 문화변인인 자기해석(독립적-의존적 자기)이 두 변인 사이의 관계에 미치는 조절효과를 검증하였다. 도움을 필요로 하는 사람의 정서표현은 타인의 무의식적인 표정흉내를 유발하여 이렇게 얻어진 정서정보가 안면피드백과정에 의해 내재화됨으로서 정서가 전이되며, 전이된 정서는 이타행동을 유발하는 동기로서 작용한다는 가설을 제안하였다. 연구 1 에서는 공감과 정서전염을 분리하기 위하여 정서자극의 표현과 정서자극의 내용을 불일치되게 조작한 비디오를 제작하여 연구 참가자들의 정서전염을 유도하고 그들이 장애학생을 위한 봉사활동에 참가할 것인가의 이타행동을 측정하였다. 그 결과 정서전염이 많이 일어날수록 참가자들이 이타행동에 더 많이 보여주었다. 연구 2에서는 설문조사를 통해 연구 참가자들의 정서전염에 대한 민감도, 실제 이타행동의 경험 및 자기해석(독립적-의존적 자기)을 측정하였다. 위계적 회귀분석의 결과 의존적 자기가 높을수록 정서전염의 민감도가 이타행동을 예언하는 경향을 높이는 조절효과를 가지고 독립적 자기는 반대의 조절효과를 가짐을 발견하였다. 분석 결과와 관련하여 정서와 이타행동의 진화론적 의미를 논의하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.165-183
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cephalo-facio-dental relationships in the craniofacial complex and their changes with age, and to use them for diagnostic and treatment purposes in the orthodontics The author studied on the changes of the cephalo-facio-dental relationships, using serial lateral cephalometric roentgenograms of 46 boys and 47 girls aged from 6 to 11 years of normal Korean children Following results were obtained 1 Means and Standard deviation of Korean children were obtained. 2 In the evaluation of the craniofacial vertical proportions, lower anterior face was larger than the upper, and upper posterior face was larger than the lower at all ages 3 The growth change was more prominent in the anterior craniofacial vertical proportion than in the posterior, and growth increment in the upper anterior facial height dimension was larger than m the lower anterior. 4 In the evaluation of the craniofacial horizontal proportion, ANS, Pog, Go and 6 were all situated posterior to their reference ares, and point B was always situated anterior to the arc passing by point A. 5. Anteroposterior growth change was the most prominent in the mandible, and there was no significant difference between the horizontal growth increment in the cranial base and that in the maxilla 6 Growth increment in the horizontal direction was larger in the mandibular apical base than in the maxillary apical base 7 The upper central incisor and the upper first molar were gradually anterior positioned against their reference ares with age increase 8 The length of mandibular corpus was larger than that of cranial base from the seven years old, and the difference was increased as the age increased 9 With age, there was slight difference in the angular relationships formed by craniofacial reference planes and axial inclinations of upper and lower permanent teeth.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2015

Background: Variable methods have been introduced for reduction of the zygomatic fractures. The Dingman elevator is used widely to reduce these fractures but is inappropriate in certain types of fractures which require atypical traction vectors. We introduce and examine an alternate method of reducing zygomatic fractures using wire and hook traction. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for all zygomatic fracture patients admitted between 2008 and 2014. Medially rotated fractures were reduced by using a wire looped through an intermaxillary screw secured on the medial side of the zygoma. Laterally rotated fractures were reduced using a hook introduced through an infrazygomatic skin incision. Results: No accidental bleeding or incomplete reduction was observed in any of the cases. Postoperative imaging demonstrated proper reduction immediately after the operation. Follow-up computed tomography study at 1 month after operation also demonstrated proper reduction and healthy union across the previous site of fracture. Conclusion: The hook and wire method allowed precise application of traction forces across zygomatic fractures. The fractured bone fragment could be pulled in the direction precisely opposite to the vector of impact at the time of trauma. Soft tissue damage due to dissection was minimized. In particular, this method was effective in reducing rotated bone fragments and can be an alternative option to using the zygoma elevator.