• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2008

Purpose: The objective of this study is anthropometric analysis of mouth and lower face of Korean. The relationship of soft-tissue to underlying bony structures determine the overall aesthetics of the face. The goal of aesthetic surgery of the face is to achieve the ideal normal and enhance the aging face. The purpose of present study was to determine the change of the morphology of the mouth and lower face based on soft-tissue landmarks according to age group to facilitate prediction during aesthetic surgery. Methods: The standardized photographs of 2,018 healthy volunteers(18 to 79 years of age; 1,070 males, 948 females) were investigated. Age groups were classified into young, middle-aged, and elderly groups. Five and seven items were measured on frontal and lateral view photographs, respectively. Individual dimensions were compared in the three age groups and between males and females. Results: The width of mouth is 4.5 times larger than that of philtrum. Most of measured data decreased with age. However, woman's lip width of the mouth somewhat increased from the young to elderly. The width of lower face is 2.5 times larger than mouth in young age group and increased slightly from the young to middle-aged and thereafter slightly decreased to elderly group. Upper lip was more higher than lower lip and male lip was more higher than female. But male and female lip height is similar at old age. Conclusion: Most of Koreans showed prominent lower face because of the development or protrusion of the mandible. And the descent of soft-tissue around the mouth was one of the significant characteristics of senile change. The posterior retrusion of the subnasal was an another characteristic. This study will help to elucidate the age-related dimensional differences of the human being and to provide useful information for clinical applications in oral and aesthetic surgery.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2008

Purpose: The findings of various studies and policy reports on marriage change, international marriage migrant women and its issues are presented in this study. Method: Research objectives were accomplished by conducting a literature review. The main areas of the literature review included married migrant women, its challenges, and current policies for international marriage migrant women. Result: Women migrating through international marriage are known to face various difficulties due to their migration. Some important obstacles women migrants face in the Republic of Korea are cultural differences in daily lifestyle, language, food, health care services, cultural assumptions, gender structure, family relationships, expected roles within family, interpersonal relationships and more. The plights of married migrant women include commercialization of international marriage, false information regarding the spouse, family abuse, insecure nationality, economic difficulty and unemployment, racial prejudice, and cultural maladjustment. Current support policies for migrant women living in Korea are suggested. Conclusion: This study concluded with policy implications and recommendations for future study. In addition, the author suggests the necessity of programs and policies for the improvement of married migrant women's well-being based on women's health and family nursing dimensions.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.290-295
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• 2001

We fabricated test samples containing various shape elements and surface roughness checking points for the jewelry cast master patterns by employing the 3D computer aided design (CAD), selective laser sintering (SLS) rapid prototype (RP) with the DuraForm powders. We varied the alignment angle from $0^{\circ}$ to $10^{\circ}$ at a given layer thickness of 0.08 and 0.1mm, respectively, in RP operation. Dimensions of the shape elements as well as values of surface roughness are characterized by an optical microscope and a contact-scanning profilometer. Surface roughness values of the top and vertical face increased as the alignment angle increased, while the other roughness values and shape elements variation were not depending on the alignment angle. The resolution of the shape realization was enhanced as the layer thickness became smaller. The minimum diameter of the hole, common in jewelry design, was 1.2 mm, and the shrinkage became 12% at the 1.6 mm-diameter hole, Our results implied that we face down the proposed design elements with $0^{\circ}$ alignment angle, and consider the shrinkage effect of each shape element in DuraForm RP jewelry modeling.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.858-870
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was to compare changes in health behaviors, motivational factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and functional status (SIP) after implementing the 6-month motivation-enhancing program to institutionalized elderly women. Methods: Sixty-four elderly women participated. Face to face interviews with blood sampling and anthropometric assessment were conducted at the pretest, 10 weeks and 6 months during the program. Results: 1. The program participants showed significantly better health behaviors over 6 months. The mean motivational level was also significantly improved, especially for perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and emotional salience. 2. The mean of cardiovascular risk factors for the participants was 21.8 at the level of low to moderate risk. After completing the program, total risk score was significantly decreased to 18.7 at 10 weeks, and further to 17.7 at 6 months. A significant reduction was also found in HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels, blood pressure, obesity, inactivity, and stress. 3. The functional status (SIP) was 11% at the baseline and significantly changed in positive direction at 10 weeks(M=9.3) and at 6 month(M=6.3). The significant improvement was also found in physical and psychosocial dimensions and sleep/rest dimension. Conclusion: The motivation enhancing program was effective to reduce cardiovascular risks and to improve the functional status of institutionalized elderly women by motivating them to perform better health behaviors.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2009

Although the Internet has been a important communication tool in modem societies, researchers did not pay attention to its' positive impacts on individual's psychological process. The Internet provides users with a unique environment such as visual isolation, non face-to-face communication, and easiness to escape from social influences. This environment enables people to take free action according to their personality and disclose themselves. From the uses and gratification perspective, the current research reveals that individuals with high extraversion are inclined to maintain social networking sites and those with high openness participate in web communities. The findings indicate that individuals' social use of the internet may reflect their personality. This study, also, reveals that controlling the big five personality dimensions, the amount of self-disclosure through ones' social networking site is positively related with subjective happiness. This finding suggests that like confession behaviors in religious or curing facilities, people can use the Internet as a therapeutic or a preventative method for promoting their well-being. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.235-252
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• 1988

The quadrilateral analysis is a proportional analysis which evaluates the skeletal configuration of lower face on the relations between both jaws in the horizontal as we]1 as vortical dimensions. This study was undertaken to analyse the harmony and disharmony of quadrilateral patterns in normal occlusion and malocclusion. The present study was carried out on lateral cephalograms of 530 Korean children; the subjects consisted of 135 normal occlusions (63 male and 72 female), 105 Class II division 1 malocclusions (52 male and 53 female), 109 Class III malocclusions (50 male and 59 female), 91 hypodivergent facial types (44 male and 47 female) and 90 hyperdivergent facial types (45 male and 45 female). The following conclusions were reached: 1. Means and standard deviation in each group and sex were obtained from normal occlusion and malocclusion. 2. Quadrilateral mean diagram in normal occlusion was constructed for male and female, respectively. 3. In normal occlusion, 1:1 ratio exists between the maxillary base length (A' to Ptm') and mandibular base length (B' to J'), but lower facial height is targer than above. 4. Difference is effective to estimate the degrees of Class II and Class III malocclusion, and lower facial height (LFH) and sagittal angle is effective to recognize the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent facial type. 5. Quadrilateral analysis is able to visualize the anteroposterior and vertical dysplasia of lower face, and it is helpful to recognize certain problems in malocclusion.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2022

The College of engineering's capstone design is student-team-centred learning based on project-based learning and is one of the most important courses for students aiming to be competent professional engineers capable of solving real industrial problems. Therefore, in order to resolve the capstone problems, various face-to-face contacts such as frequent industrial site visits, multiple meetings with diverse people including team members, and repeated contacts with course-supervising and team-advising professors are prerequisite processes. However, according to the transition to fully online education due to the global pandemic of COVID-19, capstone design courses for 2020 and 2021 were also conducted online. Based on the modified students' evaluations of educational quality (SEEQ) with 3 perspectives such as curriculum, teaching-staff and students themselves, this study compares their evaluations of offline capstone designs from 2013 to 2019 and online capstone designs in 2020 and 2021 in the context of COVID-19. In 3 perspectives, the difference in students' evaluation of the online capstone between the beginning and the end of the course shows a positive effect, which is better than the offline capstone. Also, in various dimensions for each perspective, the online capstone shows a better evaluation than the offline capstone. These findings suggest that the online capstone design curriculum can be expected to have educational effects as well as students' satisfaction with the online curriculum in the future.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2024

This is an extended paper explaining the role of E-learning and quality development in the current situation. Amid Covid:19, E-Learning has achieved a new miles stone in imparting education and all levels of institutions have transformed their learning platform from face to face to virtual learning. In this scenario E-Learning is facing two major challenges, first to ensure the ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of information on virtual platform (interoperability) and secondly, developing quality learning through e-Learning. To impart learning and teaching (L&T) through E-learning, Middle East University (MEU) has adopted Learning Management Services (LMS) through Blackboard. The university has three types of L&T methods; full online, Blended and Supportive. This research studies the concept, scope and dimensions of interoperability (InT) of E-Learning in MEU then the connection and interdependence between with quality development. In this paper we have described the support and the importance of finest standards and specifications for the objectives of InT of E-Learning and quality development in MEU. The research is based principally on secondary data observed from MEU E-Learning deanship. Also sample of 20 E-Learning experts at MEU were given closed ended as well as semi closed questionnaires for evaluating the assurance of InT of E-Learning and quality development. These experts are mainly certified online facilitators and admin staff. Results provide the verification of application and presence of InT of E-Learning and assured the quality development process in MEU.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.670-681
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• 2017

Firefighting hoods protect the head, face, and neck areas of officials while they perform firefighting services. The purpose of this study is to investigate the head size of Korean firefighting officials in order to establish the dimensions necessary to construct firefighting hoods. A total of 98 male firefighting officials participated in this study and 11 body dimensions, necessary for the construction of firefighting hoods, were measured. The data collected from the firefighting officials were compared to the general adult male data from the Size Korea national anthropometric study. The heights, weights, head circumferences, head heights, and bitragion arcs of the firefighters were significantly larger than those of general adult males, which shows that firefighting officials generally have larger body and head sizes than general adult males. Based on the results of Pearson's correlation coefficients, head circumference and head height were judged to be the important measurements for the construction of the firefighting hoods. Thus, these two measurements were chosen as the basic dimensions of the cross tabulation analysis. As a result, head circumferences of 57.00~60.99cm and head heights of 23.00~25.99 cm were found to be important measurement ranges among the firefighters. This study is expected to be used as the basis for the creation of firefighting hoods that help to ensure the safe rescue activities for firefighting officials.

• 한국아동복지학
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• 제36호
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• pp.231-259
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• 2011

본 연구는 어린이집을 이용하는 부모의 이용만족도를 측정하기 위한 척도 개발을 위한 것으로, 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증된 김용석(2009)의 사회복지서비스 이용자 만족도 척도(Client Satisfaction Scale: CSS)가 보육서비스에 적용 가능한지 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 CSS 문항을 보육서비스의 특성에 맞게 수정한 21개의 문항, 2개 차원으로 이루어진 어린이집 이용만족도 예비척도를 구성하고, 만 1세부터 만 5세까지의 자녀가 어린이집을 이용하는 학부모 652명을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 구인타당도 검증을 위한 요인분석 결과 2개 요인이 수렴되었으나, 각 요인에 해당하는 문항들은 CSS와 차이가 있었다. 2차원으로 구성된 본 척도의 동시타당도와 내적타당도 검증 결과 적절한 수준이었으며, 문항변별도 검증 결과 또한 모든 문항의 변별력 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통해 볼 때 어린이집 이용만족도 척도는 보육서비스를 이용하는 부모들에게 적용될 수 있는 타당성 있는 도구로 판단되는바, 추후 어린이집 이용만족도를 측정하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다.