• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.759-768
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• 2011

This study is designed to understand current wearing conditions of air force mechanic parkas and evaluate their functionality by examining the wearing conditions and wearers' subjective assessment. By doing so, it also intends to identify issues that require improvements; and to provide basic data for future development of air force mechanic parkas. A survey was conducted as a study methodology, and the collected 1,628 questionnaires were analyzed. Findings of this study are as follows. 1. In the usability assessment, it was found that visibility of body sides was needed to be enhanced since reflective tapes were attached only to the front and back of the body; pockets were too big, but not convenient to keep mechanic tools; the design of hiding hood was not suitable for water-proof clothing; and a new design of size-controllable hood was called for since the hood blocked eye sight. With respect to the fabric, dissatisfaction was identified with durability, cold-proof and fire-proof features. 2. In the mobility assessment, respondents showed low satisfaction with collar heights and neck girths. Mobility score was over moderate level on average, except the parka length that obstructs wearers' movement, and neck and collar size. 3. In the wearability assessment, respondents presented moderate satisfaction with pleasantness, weight, pressure and dampness. However, insulation was found unsatisfactory. Based on the result, this study proposed improvement plans on design, pattern and fabric; and is expected to serve as basic data for developing more effective and functional air force mechanic parkas.

• 인지과학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.223-244
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• 2007

이차원 공간에서 운동 자극의 진행 방향으로 위치 오류가 발생되는 명멸 지체효과(Flash lag effect: FLE)와 깊이 방향의 위치 오류가 발생하는 Pulfrich 효과는 각각 독립적으로 연구되어 왔지만 현상적 이론적 유사점이 많다. 본 연구에서는 두 현상의 오류의 크기를 직접적으로 비교하여 두 현상이 동일한 기제에 의해 발생되었을 가능성을 살펴보았다. 보다 구체적으로 각 눈에 제시된 운동 자극의 FLE의 크기가 다를 때 이 차이가 양안시차로 작용하여 Pulfrich 효과의 깊이로 산출될 수 있는 지를 알아보았다. 각 눈에 제시되는 두 운동 자극의 밝기 비율을 네 수준(1:2, 1:3.3, 1:5, 1:10)으로 나눈 다음 이들 자극으로부터 발생되는 Pulfrich 효과의 깊이를 측정하였고, 동일한 실험 상황하에서 Pulfrich 효과의 깊이 측정에 사용되었던 다섯 수준의 자기 자극(1, 2, 3.3, 5, 10)의 FLE 크기를 각각 측정하였다. 본 연구에 포함된 밝기 차 조건하에서 Pulfrich 깊이는 밝기 비율이 커질수록 증가하는 데 반해, FLE의 크기는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 FLE의 차가 양안 시차로 작용한다면 그로부터 예상할 수 있는 Pulfrich 깊이와 실제 측정된 Pulfrich 효과의 깊이는 다른 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 두 현상이 동일한 기제에 의해서 발생되는 것이 아님을 시사한다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.189-206
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting muscle activity and cephalometric variables according to change of head postures. For this study, 150 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 80 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Head position to body-midline in frontal plane and upper quarter posture to body plumb line in sagittal plane were observed clinically and electromyographic(EMG) activity of anterior temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoideus, and trapezius on clenching were recorded with $BioEMG^{(R)}$ in four head postures, which were natural head posture(NHP), forward head posture(FHP), $20^{\circ}$ upward head posture(UHP), and $20^{\circ}$ downward head posture(DHP). Cephaloradiographs were also taken in the same head postures as in EMG taking, but that was taken only in NHP for the patient group. Cephalometric variables measured were SN angle, CVT angle, atlas inclination angle, occlusal plane angle, Me-C2 angle, pharyngeal width, occiput~axis distance, area of pharyngeal space, and cervical curvature. The data were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Between the patient and the normal group, there were significant difference in distance from plumb line to acromion, eye-tragus angle, electromyographic activity of the four muscles, and cephalometric variables of linear measurement. 2. There was no consistent pattern of correlation between upper quarter posture, EMG activity and cephalometric variables in any case without relation to cervical curvature and head position in frontal plane. 3. Sternocleidomastoid muscle only showed variation of electromyographic activty with changes of head postures, but all the muscles did show correlation with head postures. 4. All the cephalometric variables measured in this study showed difference of mean value by head posture, and CVT angle, pharyngeal width, occiput-atlas distance, and area of pharyngeal space showed correlation between these variables with change from NHP to FHP, and from NHP to UHP.

• 인지과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.29-37
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• 1999

Murakami와 Cavanagh (1998a.b. 1999)가 보고한 무선 운동 영역 순응에 따른 정지된 인접 영역의 흔들림(jittering) 착시현상을 새로운 자극구성으로 검증하였다. 이 현상에 대한 설명으로 이 연구자들이 제안한 순응에 따른 안구운동 보상기제의 약화를 최소화하는 역 위상 깜박임(counterphase flickering)에의 순응과 코사인 패턴을 사용하였을 때에도 정지된 인접 영역에서의 착시현상이 경험되었다. 그러나, 이 자극 상황에서 관찰된 착시현상은 평면상의 흔들림이 아니라 정지된 인접 영역이 관찰자에서 멀어지는 것으로 지각되는 3차원상의 운동잔여효과(3D motion aftereffect)이었다. 본 연구에서 우리는 이 새로운 현상이 깜박임 영역의 휘도 대비감소(contrast reduction)가 정지된 인접 영역과의 지각된 깊이 차이를 유발시키고 깜박임 영역이 정지하였을 때 원래의 깊이로 복원하는 과정에서 정지된 인접 영역이 상대적으로 멀어지며 움직이는 것으로 지각되는 것에 기인했을 가능성을 조사하였다. 깊이 단서를 제거하거나, 휘도 대비감소를 최소화하는 고 공간주파수 코사인 패턴을 사용한 실험의 결과 관찰된 운동잔여효과의 소멸은 이 가능성을 강력히 지지하여 주었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 조영증강 초음파 영상에서 조영효과 확산 패턴과 동적 혈류 패턴을 가시화 하는 방법론을 제시한다. 세부적으로 조영증강 초음파 데이터에서 조영제의 전이시간, 최대 명도변화, 조영효과의 감쇄 시간 등과 같은 진단 파라미터를 영상으로 생성하는 기법을 제안한다. 간병변 진단과 같은 의료 진단에서 조영제의 전이와 확산 속도는 매우 중요한 요소가 된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 조영효과의 확산 패턴을 하나의 영상으로 표현하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이 과정에서 호흡에 의한 흔들림으로 인하여 영상의 정확도가 저하시키는 현상을 개선하기 위하여 호흡주기에 따른 동적 가중치와 모멘텀 요소를 사용하는 영상추적 기법을 제안하였다. 총 72개의 조영증강 데이터를 사용한 실험을 통하여, 제안된 기법이 초음파진단에서 육안 판별의 한계를 극복할 수 있게 하고, 호흡에 의한 흔들림을 보정함으로써 진단 파라미터의 신뢰도를 향상시킬 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

The action of melatonin within the body of animals is known to be mediated by melatonin receptors. Three different types of melatonin receptors have been identified so far in fish. However, which of these are specifically involved in puberty onset is not known in fish. We cloned and analyzed the sequence of melatonin receptor 1a (mel 1a) gene in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In addition, we examined the tissue distribution of gene expressions for three types of receptors, mel 1a, 1b and lc and investigated which of them is involved in the onset of puberty by comparing their expression with that of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor I (GnRHr I) gene using quantitative real-time PCR from 1 week post hatch (wph) to 24 wph. The mel 1a gene of Nile tilapia consisted of two exons and one bulky intron between them. Mel 1a gene was found to be highly conserved gene showing high homology with the corresponding genes from different teleost. All three types of melatonin receptor genes were expressed in the brain, eyes and ovary in common. Expression of mel 1a gene was the most abundant and ubiquitous among 3 receptors in the brain, liver, gill, ovary, muscle, eye, heart, intestine, spleen and kidney. Mel 1b and mel 1c genes were, however, expressed in fewer tissues at low level. During the development post hatch, expressions of both mel 1a and GnRHr I genes significantly increased at 13 wph which was close to the putative timing of puberty onset in this species. These results suggest that among three types of receptors mel 1a is most likely associated with the action of melatonin in the onset of puberty in Nile tilapia.

• 생태와환경
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.364-372
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• 2011

The pale chub (Zacco platypus) is generally found in Asian countries, such as Korea, Japan, and China. Nevertheless, very little information exists about the genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in this species. This species is useful in monitoring the environmental impact on various pollutants in freshwater as a sentinel fish species. We cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene from Z. platypus and characterized it. Tissue distribution and timedependent induction of CYP1A were studied by real-time RT-PCR. Induction pattern of CYP1A was studied by exposing the fish to an arylhydrocarbon receptor agonist, ${\beta}$-naphthoflavone (BNF). The liver showed the highest level of expression in basal state as well as BNF- treated fish. However, appreciable levels of expression were also recorded in Gill and kidney and the least level of expression was observed in the eye. The results of the time-course study revealed an induction in the liver, brain, and gills after 6 h and 12 h in most of the tissues. This study provides an insight into the xenobiotics metabolizing system of Z. platypus and offers baseline information for further research related to biomarker, stress, and adaptive response of this ecologically important fish species in the freshwater environment.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1147-1155
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• 2005

본 논문은 단순한 형태의 개인 착인 및 검증방법의 한계를 극복하여 절도나 누출에 의해 도용될 수 없고 변경되거나 분실할 위험성이 없는 새로운 형태의 인증 방법인 홍채인식을 연구하였다. 사람의 홍채는 태어날 때 한번 정해지면 평생 변화하지 않는 특성을 가지고 있으며, 개개인별로 모양이 모두 다른 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 홍채영상 취득 시 조명에 의한 동공의 크기 변화에 민감하지 않은 2차원의 홍채패턴을 취득하여, 2차 가버 웨이블릿과 퍼지 선형판별분석기법(LDA)을 이용하여 특징 벡터를 추출하고 인식한다. 인식과정에서는 상관관계 계수를 이용하여 다른 홍채의 특징간과 매칭값을 측정하고 유사도가 가장 큰 대상을 찾게 된다. 이때, 입력영상에 대하여 4개 방향의 가버 웨이블릿을 거쳐 얻어진 4개의 상관관계 계수 간 중 가장 큰 값을 갖는 대상자를 인식 대상자로 선정하므로 오인식될 확률을 최소화 할 수 있다. 제안한 알고리듬의 유용성을 확인하기 위해 대상자 50명에 대하여 각각 6회씩 촬영한 두 가지 데이타베이스(CASIA, CBNU)를 이용하였으며, 실험 결과 $90\%$ 이상의 인식률을 얻었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2009

HSP70 has widely been induced in in vivo hyperthermia conditions in various organisms to study gene regulation and recently neuroprotectve roles of the induced gene expression under varying conditions. We investigated different responses among various tissues in zebrafish under heat shock to evaluate whether spatial and temporal expression pattern of zebrafish (z) hsp70 in transcriptional and translational level under heat shock stress in different brain regions. Heat shock groups were given for 1 h at $37^{\circ}C$ after recovery by transferring the treated animals back to $28^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2 and 24 h for recovery, respectively. Control (CTRL) group was kept at $28^{\circ}C$. At the end of treatments, five animals were collected and used for isolation of total RNAs and peptides from the corresponding tissues. Expression of zhsp70 mRNA showed different patterns in recovery periods in the tissues including the brain, eye, intestines, muscles, heart and testis by RT-PCR. Unlike the RT-PCR analysis, Northern blot analysis demonstrated nearly 30-fold increase in zhsp70 at 1 h heat shock, suggesting that RT-PCR may not be appropriate in unmasking regulation of the time-dependent zhsp70 expression. In the experiment involving different brain regions, the cerebellum showed gradual activation at 1 h to R1h and decreases in R2h and R24h, while the medulla oblongata and optic tectum showed gradual increase at R1h and decrease at R24h, indicating that different brain tissues respond specifically to heat shock in inducing zhsp70 and recovering from the heat shock status. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that the intracellular levels of zHSP70 in three different brain regions including the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and optic tectum are differently induced and recovered to normal state. These results clearly demonstrate that different regions of the body and the brain tissues are responding differently to heat shock in the aspects of its level of expression and speed of recovery.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.126-140
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• 2011

Genetic determinants of two metallothionein isoforms (MT-A and MT-B) were isolated and characterized from the perciform species, rockbream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). Rockbream MT-A and MT-B shared a high degree of homology at amino acid levels with representative orthologs from other perciform species, especially with respect to the conserved cysteine residues. At the genomic level, both MT-A and MT-B genes represent a tripartite structure typical of vertebrate MT genes. However, rockbream MT-B showed unusually large introns (1.2 kb and 0.8 kb for intron I and II, respectively), a phenomenon that has rarely been seen in other vertebrate MT genes. MT-A and MT-B transcripts were ubiquitously detected in a wide array of tissues, wherein brain and eye showed the highest basal expression levels, and the fin exhibited the lowest expression of both isoforms. The basal expression of MT-A in most tissues was significantly higher (ranging from 4- to 10-fold) than that of MT-B. Upon heavy metal exposures to Cd, Cu or Zn at 25 ppb for 48 h, MT-A and MT-B transcripts in the liver were significantly activated by Cd and moderately by Zn. On the other hand, exposure to Cu did not result in alterations of MT-A, nor in the significant suppression of MT-B. Following bacterial challenges with Escherichia coli, Edwardsiella tarda or Streptococcus iniae, MT isoforms in the liver, kidney and spleen were highly modulated and exhibited a pattern that was dependent on the bacterial species, tissues and isoforms. These results suggest that the two MT isoforms could be taken into account as potential indicators of metal toxicity and immune perturbations of this aquaculture-relevant species.