• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.221-270
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• 1998

Objective This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances as a basic principle, and it is for finding shape differences of the ear, eye, nose, mouth according to the Sasang constitution Method We have collected 209 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung-Hee Medical Center and took pictures of the frontal view, lateral view, oblique view of face and measured heights, deapth, breadths of ear, eye, nose, mouth with 'The Measurement of R. Martin'. We analyzed shape differences of the face according to the Sasang constitution with certain results Results We got the morphologic characteristics of ear, eye, nose and mouth according to the Sasang constitution as Table 3. -Table 10. Conclusion : 1. The morphologic characteristics of Ear according to the Sasang constitution (1) Morphologic ear length, Physiognomic ear length, Ear lobule length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (2) Physiognomic ear breadth is wider in Taeumin than Soeumin. (3) Physiognomic ear length, lobule length ratio is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin. 2. The morphologic characteristics of Eye according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Inner Palpebral fissure width, 5th Palpebral fissure length, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance is the longest in Taeumin (2) Palpebral fissure inclination is widest in Soeumin. (3) Palpebral fissure length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (4) Pupillary diameter ratio is the lowest in Taeumin (5) Palpebral fissure length, width ratio is higher in Soeumin than Taeumin. (6)zygomatic breadth, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance ratio is the higher in Taeumin than Soeumin. 3. The morphologic characteristics of Nose according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Nasion depth is deepest in Soyangin. (2) Nasion to pupillary depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (3) Nasal tip depth, Nostril to Nasalalar depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (4) Subnasale to Nasalalar depth is the shallowest in Taeumin (5) Nasalalar height is lowest in Soeumin. (6) Nasalalar to Nostril distance is deeper Taeumin than Soeumin. (7) Nasal tip depth, Nasal depth ratio is the highest in Taeumin (8) Nasal depth Nasalalar heightratio is lowest in Soeumin. (9) Midfaceheight, Nasal tip depth ratio is higher Soyangin than Taeumin. 4. The morphologic characteristics of mouth according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Lower mid lip height, Lower philtrum height, Lower quarter lip height, Total middle lip height, Total philtrum height, Total quarter lip height is the shottest in Soyangin. (2) Upper mid lip height, Upper philtrum height is longer in Taeumin than Soyangin (3) Lip inclination is higher in Soeumin than Soyangin. (4) Intercheilion breadth, total height ratio is lowest in Soyangin. (5) Total lip height, Upper philtrum height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Soeumin. (6) Lower lip height Lower quarter lip height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Taeumin. (8) Total lip area is wider in Taeumin than Soyangin.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2005

In a artificial hypermetropia with the accommodative response, we investigated a diameter of blur circle as a function of test lens refractive power. In a schematic eye model of the hypermetropia, the second focal length along to accommodated power of the crystal lens are calculated as a function of test lens power and, also distance between the retina and exit pupil are calculated as a function of accommodated power. As these results are compared, the size of blur circle on the retina are obtained.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.5-10
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to measure the droplet distribution and Sauter mean diameter(SMD) of biodiesel fuel, using the immersion sampling method. This method involves using an optical microscope and a CCD camera, to take an image of the droplets. These images are then measured by using a 'Sigma Scan' processing program. The results of the above experiment are summarized as followed ; (1) There can be as much as a 10% error rate when measuring the diameter of these droplets, using the image processing method and the naked eye. (2) The result of droplet size distribution test, TVO(transesterified vegetable oil) big size droplet distribution were increased at ambient pressure $6kg/cm^2$. (3) When ambient pressure increased $6kg/cm^2$ above, SMD variation of TVO and UVO(used vegetable oil) 30 are small. (4) On Rosin-Rammler analysis, droplets size distribution of UVO(used vegetable oil) 30 uniform more than TVO 20 on ambient pressure $1kg/cm^2$.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.711-714
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• 2010

A new cultivar 'Daemang' ($Hibiscus$ hybrid 'Daemang') originated from the interspecific cross between $Hibiscus$ $sinosyriacus$ 'Seobong' and $Hibiscus$ $syriacus$ 'Namwon' to improve the flower quality in 2001. 'Daemang' was preliminarily selected as 'R-143' in 2003 for its stable flower quality with long red eye spot and named in 2006. The tree habit shows vigorous growth and is upright, so it can be used as a specimen tree or street tree. Characteristic tests such as leaf shape, leaf size, flower characteristics, flowering, and capsule size were conducted from 2004 to 2006. The characteristics succeed after grafting. 'Daemang' had pink color flower with red eye spot. The width of flower is 15.2 cm. Petal length and width are 8.0 cm and 6.4 cm, respectively. Leaves are 9.49 cm long and 8.72 cm wide. After the plant characteristics evaluation for 3 years (2004~2006), it was registered as a variety 'Daemang' in 2008.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.2839-2843
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• 2013

In this study, the relation between the corneal refractive power and the tear break-up time(TBUT) was analyzed. The results can be effectively used in eye clinics and served as the reference on wearing the contact lenses. We had measured the radius of the corneal of university students who are in the range of 21 to 27 year-old and who don't have eye disease. The corneal refractive power was calculated by using the radius of the corneal. And TBUT is the time when the mire image is distorted first time. The relation between the corneal refractive power and TBUT in right eye was a linear as 'y=37.921-0.610x', in which the larger the refractive power of the cornea is, the shorter TBUT is(negative relationship; r=-0.462, p=0.010). The relation in left eye was also a negatively linear as 'y=41.894-0.695x'(r=-0.509, p=0.004). Consequently, in both eyes the corneal refractive power and TBUT have a negative correlation when myopia is a high. It is possible to predict TBUT, which is necessary in deciding on wear of contact lenses, by measuring the corneal radius of subjects.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2007

Purpose: Photogrammetry has been introduced as an alternative to direct measurement to obtain facial distances for a variety of anthropometric applications. The aim of this study is to establish morphological and functional value of an eye in Korean youths using specially designed computer software with digital photographic images. Methods: Authors measured anthropometry of an eye in Korean youths 1,449 individuals(622 males, 827 females) and analyzed stastically them. Results: The mean measurements are as follows. The diameter of cornea was $11.6{\pm}0.9mm$ in males and $11.3{\pm}0.9mm$ in females. The vertical dimension of palpebral fissure was $7.4{\pm}1.7mm$ in males and $8.2{\pm}1.6mm$ in females. The intercanthal width was $35.8{\pm}3.2mm$ in males and $34.4{\pm}2.9mm$ in females. The biocular width was $90.4{\pm}5.7mm$ in males and $87.4{\pm}5.3mm$ in females. The endocantion-superior margin of palpebral fissure distance was $12.7{\pm}1.4mm$ in males and $11.6{\pm}1.4mm$ in females. The horizontal dimension of palpebral fissure was $28.5{\pm}2.2mm$ in males and $27.4{\pm}1.9mm$ in females. The slant of palpebral fissure was $10.7{\pm}2.6^{\circ}$ in males and $11.3{\pm}3.0^{\circ}$ in females. The height of upper eyelid was $10.6{\pm}2.3mm$ in males and $10.7{\pm}2.3mm$ in females. The width of double fold was $2.0{\pm}0.7mm$ in males and $1.9{\pm}0.6mm$ in females. A double fold was seen in 21.9% of males and 44.9% of females. The most frequent shape of the double fold was type IV. The most common type of epicanthal fold was type III in both males and females. Conclusion: Photogrammetic measurement of large population using specially designed software could offer reliable data and these data could be useful reference for preoperative consultation, surgical planning and anthropometic study of eye.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7805-7809
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of chemoreduction combined with topical treatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma (RB). Materials and Methods: A total of 22 eyes from 17 children with RB were selected for the study and treated with chemoreduction combined with topical cryotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) or episcleral plaque brachytherapy. Clinical and follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All children received 2~6 courses of chemoreduction treatment, ($4.5{\pm}0.8$ courses on average); 17 eyes from 13 children were treated by chemoreduction combined with cryotherapy or TTT and 5 eyes from 4 children with chemoreduction combined with $^{125}I$ episcleral plaque brachytherapy. The eye retention rate was 81.8% (18/22), among which 38.9% (7/18) featured restored or maintained good vision. Postoperative follow-up period was 7 to 34 months, ($18.6{\pm}5.2$ months on average). The recurrence rate was 41.2% (7/17), among which 57.1% (4/7) were controlled by supplementing or appending cryotherapy or TTT treatment during the follow-up period. The tumor basal diameter and thickness were significantly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01) after treatment. All children demonstrated different degrees of hair loss, 70.6% (12/17) with different degrees of gastrointestinal reactions, 5.88% (1/17) with neutropenia and 11.8% (2/17) being seriously infected during the chemotherapeutic treatment. Univariate and logistic regression analysis showed that tumor basal diameter before treatment had a significant effect on the prognosis (P<0.01). Conclusions: Chemoreduction combined with topical therapy can effectively control RB in the short term, and tumor basal diameter before treatment is an independent risk factor for prognosis.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 1993

A ghost flatheads, Hoplichthys langsdorfii Cuvier and Valenciennes of the family Hoplichthyidae was studied for the first time in Korea. Eighteen specimens were collected from Pusan in February 3, 1993. The Haplichthys langsdorfii is similar to H. gilberti in morphometric characters, but H. langsdorfii differs from H. gilberti in having 2 rows of spinous processes on the scute of both side of body and longer snout than eye diameter. A new Korean name "Gasiyangtae" is proposed for the H. langsdorfii.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2020

To understand the cause of the high light transmittance of the human eye, the optical effects of the collagen fibers of the stroma layer, which constitute the majority of the cornea, were analyzed. These collagen fibers, approximately 20 nm in diameter, have a regular arrangement. Accordingly, the optical properties of the collagen fibers and the fiber layer were analyzed by simulation. A standing wave was formed in the incident space by the overlapping incident light and the light reflected by the plate. In addition, it was confirmed that when the collagen fibers are arranged in a layer, the light transmittance periodically changes, depending on the number of fiber layers. The standing wave was formed in the incident space, and the light's intensity distribution was changed by the nanoscale collagen fibers in the section with the collagen layer, which affected the transmittance. To explain this phenomenon, the collagen fiber was defined as a second light source, and an attempt was made to describe the simulation results in terms of overlap of the incident light with the light emitted from the collagen fiber.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2017

A diffraction limited optical system for head mounted displays (HMDs) was designed. This optical system consists of four modules, including 1:5 mm and 5:30 mm beam expanders, polarization grating-polarization conversion system (PG-PCS) and refractive/diffractive projection optical module. The PG-PCS module transforms the unpolarized Gaussian beam to a linearly polarized beam and it simultaneously homogenizes the spatial intensity profile. The optical projector module has a $30^{\circ}$ field of view, a 22 mm eye relief, and a 10 mm exit pupil diameter with a compact structure. Common acrylic materials were utilized in the optical design process; therefore, the final optical system was lightweight. The whole optical system is suitable for a 0.7 inch liquid crystal on silicon microdisplay (LCOS) with HDTV resolution ($1920{\times}1080$) and $8.0{\mu}m$ pixel pitch.