• Health Policy and Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.52-96
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• 1998

To find causal factors and improvement plans of organizational commitment of public servants in urban health centers, a hypothetical causal model, which included 2 endogenous variables(organizational commitment & organizational satisfaction) and 15 exogenous variables, was constructed. Exogenous variables consisted of individual factors (sex, age, education, job-grade, and annual salary), psychological variables(pride for organization, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation and support of supervisor) ad structural variables(formalization, centralization, communication, job-conflict, job-decision, and workload). In the hypothetical causal model, organizational commitment was supposed to be effect variable, and organizational satisfaction was presumed to be intervening variable to mediate between organizational commitment and exogenous variables. For data collection, cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to 1,295 public servants from 32 urban health centers nationwide. The survey responses were from 934, 72.1% of subjects. But 756 responses(58.4%) were analyzed because of excluding ones with missing values. The hypothetical causal model was fitted by covariance structural analysis with maximum likelihood method. Main results were as follows: (1) The fitted causal model accounted for 33 and 55 percent of total variance of organizational commitment and organizational satisfaction of public servants, respectively. (2) In order of effect size, pride for organization, supervisor support, communication, extrinsic motivation and centralization had an indirect effect effect on organizational commitment through organizational satisfaction. However, the effect of centralization was negative. (3) Pride for organiztion, intrinsic motivation, organizational satisfaction, job-conflict, supervisor support, communication, age, centralization, annual salar and extrinsic motivation had indirect or direct effects on organizational commitment in order of effect size. Among them, effects of job-conflict and centraldization were negative. In conclusion, these results suggested that organizational commitment of public servants in urban health centers could be enhanced by pride for organization, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, prevention of job-conflict and excess centralization, supervisor support and active communication. Especially, pride for organization and intrinsic motivation were expected to play the most important role.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.285-290
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• 2016

Accidents and incidents caused by poor performance in the maritime industry suggest the need to find ways to improve performance in order to operate effectively and improve safety. The data for this study was collected from maritime students and involves the performance and levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Various motivational factors were identified and the ways in which these factors relate to performance was analyzed. The importance of considering motivation when recruiting new trainees and workers, and continually looking for ways to increase intrinsic motivation, is stressed throughout this paper. The results suggest that high levels of good quality motivation correlate positively with better performance.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.217-235
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• 2009

This study aimed to explore how the Korean university students' reading motivation is related to their English (L2) reading behavior. The construct of the students' Korean (L1) and L2 reading motivation was investigated with the data obtained through the questionnaire from 120 sophomore students. A factor analysis was conducted to extract the major factors of motivation and determine the interrelationship among items in the questionnaire. As a result, 6 factors were extracted: Intrinsic Motivation for English Reading, Extrinsic Motivation 1 (Immediate Goal Orientedness), Extrinsic Motivation 2 (Integrative Orientation), Importance of L1 Reading, Intrinsic Motivation toward L1 reading, and Importance of L2 Reading Skill. The interrelatedness between the assessment results on the L2 reading behavior (reading amount, time and speed) and motivation factors was measured by correlation coefficients. It was found that Intrinsic Motivation toward English Reading was significantly related to the students' reading amount and Intrinsic Motivation toward Korean Reading had positive association with the students' reading time with statistical significance. Other factors did not show significant correlation with the students' reading behavior. In addition, the students' reading speed was significantly related to their reading amount as well, while reading time did not affect the speed gain.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.95-110
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• 2021

This study aims to explore the Internet personal broadcasting quality factors that influence viewer satisfaction and dissatisfaction based on the motivation-hygiene theory. Specifically, the quality factors that affect viewer satisfaction of Internet personal broadcasting are derived from the perspectives of extrinsic (contents usefulness and media usability), intrinsic (emotional/cognitive/behavioral enjoyment and creator characteristics), and social motivation (visibility, subjective norm, image, sociality). The data of 200 respondents was used to analyze the relative impact of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the Kano model, which assumes that viewer satisfaction at both functional and emotional levels varies over quality attributes. In the empirical analysis, the quality factors were classified into attractive, one-dimensional, must-be, and indifferent quality. In addition, it was found that the customer satisfaction coefficient was high in the order of uniqueness, differentiation, and visibility. On the other hand, as a result of applying the dissatisfaction coefficient, it was identified in the order of donation, content reliability, and creator responsiveness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.571-583
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• 2023

Purpose: This study used a self-deterministic approach to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI), academic motivation (AM), and achievement among health science students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three cities of Saudi Arabia (Dammam, Riyadh, and Jeddah). A convenience sample of 450 students was incorporated using the multistage cluster sampling technique. The online survey contained three sections: students' basic data and academic achievement level, the modified Schutte self-report inventory, and the Academic Motivation Scale lowercase. Results: This study revealed moderate overall scores for EI (57.1%), AM (55.6%), and grade point average (GPA) (57.6%). The overall EI score, its domains, and GPA had significant positive correlations with overall AM and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (p < .01). Amotivation had an insignificant correlation with GPA (p < .05), but it was negatively correlated with EI and its domains (p < .01). Multiple regression analysis proved that EI domains predicted 5.0% of GPA variance; emotions appraisal and expression (β = .02, p = .024), regulation (β = .11, p = .032), and utilization (β = .24, p < .01). EI domains also predicted 26.0% of AM variance; emotions appraisal and expression (β = .11, p = .04), regulation (β = .33, p < .01), and utilization (β = .23, p < .01). Moreover, AM predicted 4.0% of the variance in GPA; intrinsic (β = .25, p = .004) and extrinsic (β = .11, p = .022) motivation. AM also predicted 25.0% of the variance in EI: intrinsic (β = .34, p < .01) and extrinsic motivation (β = .26, p = .026). Conclusion: EI and AM have a bidirectional influence on each other, significantly shaping the GPA of health sciences students in Saudi Arabia, where intrinsic motivation has a predominant role. Thus, promoting students' AM and EI is recommended to foster their academic achievement.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.227-236
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• 2016

Co-creation is an important approach to innovation that uses internal and external sources for value creation. This study identified the effects of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and the moderating effects of activation factors using multiple regression and moderated multiple regression. To this end, 181 usable questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The result of analysis showed that intrinsic motivation had the significant meaning and the moderating effects of activation factors on the relationship between extrinsic motivation and co-creation participation exist. Companies may use this result to activate the co-creation participation of the customer. The future study analyzed by survey responses in multiple layers will improve the generalization of the study.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.129-145
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• 2016

Nowadays, owing to the diffusion of smartphones and the growth of social networking services (SNS), the number of people who share their life with other SNS users by posting photos is increasing. The number of Instagram users has been particularly increasing since Instagram started its service in 2010. Compared to other SNS such as Facebook and Twitter, Instagram runs its service by focusing solely on photos, which is a major differentiation factor compared with other existing SNS. Previous studies, however, do not examine SNS that focus on photo sharing adequately. Therefore, we establish a hypothesis relating to the motivations behind a user's photo sharing attitude and posting intention through Instagram. Moreover, this will be achieved by employing TRA(Theory of Reasoned Action) and focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. The analysis results show that intrinsic motivation influences a user's sharing attitude and subjective norms. Apart from this, Instagram's expressivity influences a user's photo sharing attitude and posting intention.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.121-138
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• 2016

Purpose: Financial institute employees have various education programs for enhancing customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to explore critical factors that affect the service commitment in the financial institution and to propose the implication for employee's service involvement. Methods: This study is intended to identify how service quality of education, servicescape, and learning motivation affect the service commitment. The research model proposed in this study is tested via a survey of 322 employees for financial institution employees. Results: This study shows that tangibles, reliability, assurance and ambient condition, physical structure, symbolic artifacts and internal motivation, extrinsic motivation significantly influence education satisfaction. Tangibles, reliability and ambient condition, physical structure, symbolic artifacts and internal motivation significantly influence affective service orientation and that tangibles, reliability, assurance and extrinsic motivation significantly influence altruistic service orientation. It also verifies that education satisfaction affective service orientation, and altruistic service orientation positively affect service commitment. Conclusion: This study suggests critical factors to promote service commitment in the financial institute. It has focused on not only the service quality of education program, but also servicescape and learning motivation as the meaningful factors for increasing the employee's service involvement.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.105-111
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• 2015

Purpose - Many global companies across industries are paying significant attention to co-creation activities, which enable consumers to participate in firms' value creation process, as a main model of new product development processes. In this study, we aim to examine different types of co-creation activities and their effects on consumer attitudes. We focus on upstream co-creation, downstream co-creation, autonomous co-creation, and sponsored co-creation. Upstream co-creation includes firms' control and management in the initial stage of new product development and prototype testing. Downstream co-creation indicates that consumers participate in firms-initiative activities at a later stage in new product development, such as public relations and marketing communications. Autonomous co-creation includes consumers' commitment activities in the absence of firms' rewards. However, under the sponsored co-creation, consumers can return monetary and social rewards from firms through their co-creation activities. The hypotheses regarding the effect of co-creation on consumer attitudes are as follows. (H1, H2, H3, H4) Upstream, downward, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation has positive effects on consumer attitude. (H5, H6) As intrinsic motivation increases, the positive effect of upstream and autonomous co-creation increases. (H7, H8) As extrinsic motivation increases, the positive effect of downward and sponsored co-creation increases. Research design, data, and methodology - To achieve our research goals, we analyzed responses from 246 samples from Korean consumers and verified the proposed hypotheses using a linear regression model. The samples include Korean consumers who experienced upstream, downstream, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation by firms. Results - First, both upstream co-creation and downstream co-creation with firms and consumers are found to have positive effects on consumer attitudes. Second, autonomous co-creation and sponsored co-creation are found to positively affect consumer attitudes. Third, consumers' intrinsic motivation has a fit-effect between upstream co-creation and autonomous co-creation, and their extrinsic motivation has a fit-effect between downstream co-creation and sponsored co-creation. Consumers who have strong intrinsic motivation are affected by upstream co-creation and autonomous co-creation. However, consumers who have strong extrinsic motivation are affected by downstream co-creation and sponsored co-creation. Conclusion - These results indicate that the fit between consumers' co-creation participation types and consumers'motivations is a significant factor in determining consumer attitudes. The results of this study imply that various types of consumer participation actually improve consumers' attitudes toward products and brands. In addition, our study also suggests that firms should consider the fit between co-creation types and consumers' motivations when they initiate co-creation activities. In this study, we survey consumers who participated in firms' co-creation activities. Future studies can compare different types of consumers. For instance, we can examine the different in different test by comparing experienced versus inexperienced consumers. Finally, we expand this research to user-generated content topics. This attending issue focuses on the mechanism that breaks down the boundaries and barriers between consumers and producers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.163-171
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• 2011

This research is to investigate the effect of teenagers' motivating factors on their own self-efficacy and school-life satisfaction. Positive analysis of data was made based upon the theoretical background. Also, the casual relation between the motivating factors of teenagers and their self-efficacy and school-life satisfaction was verified. The result of the study was as follows: stress, family effect, and mass communications had an effect on intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. The intrinsic motivation had an effect on the school-life satisfaction, and the extrinsic motivation was revealed to have an effect on the self-efficacy and school-life satisfaction. Students' self-efficacy also influenced their school-life satisfaction. This study suggested a few methods to improve teenagers' self-efficacy and their school-life satisfaction through the motivating factors.