• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the contents of residual solvents and mineral components(11 kinds) in ginseng extracts with different extracting conditions(5 types) and commercial ginseng extract products(domestic, imported). Fine root was extracted with solution having various ethanol concentration after hexane treatment. Among 5 type extracts, residual solvent(hexane) was detected ginseng extracts treated ethanol mixed with hexane. But extracts that dried after soaked in hexane wasn't detected hexane. Mineral components(Al, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) were detected in fine root and 5 types of extracts. The contents of mineral components between fine root and extracts with various extracting conditions were similar, however, extracts that dried after soaked in hexane showed the lower amount in Al, Fe, Pb than the others. In comparison with commercial ginseng ex-tract products(domestic, imported), the distribution pattern of mineral was similar but the contents were a little different.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2023

To enhance the efficacy of Abeliophyllum distichum leaves, extracts were prepared using different solvents for hydrolytic enzyme-treated Abeliophyllum distichum leaves. Physicochemical quality and antioxidant activity were measured. Soluble solids, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and polyphenols contents showed the lowest values in the control without enzyme treatment. However, they showed high contents in ethanol extract. In the case of enzyme treatment, their values were higher than those of the control. In particular, verbascoside content increased about 220 times more than that of the control group when treated with enzymes and extracted with 50% ethanol. pH was lowered upon enzymatic treatment. Regarding DPPH radical scavenging activity, for enzyme-free, 25% ethanol extract showed the highest activity among extracts with different solvents. For cellulase and pectinase-treated leaves, water extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity among extracts with different solvents. For leaves treated with enzyme combination, 50% ethanol extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity among extracts with different solvents. Regarding ABTS radical scavenging activity, it was generally higher in the 50% ethanol extract than in the water extract and 25% ethanol extract. In particular, verbascoside content was increased when the extract was prepared by co-treatment with enzymes and 50% ethanol.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the biological activities of star anise extracts obtained from four different solvents (water, methanol, ethanol and chloroform) by measuring total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, nitrite scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity. The methanol extract showed the highest extraction yield, followed by ethanol, water and chloroform. The properties of the extracting solvents significantly affected the total polyphenol content. Methanol extracts contained more total polyphenols than any other extracts. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in methanol extract. The hydroxyl radical and nitrite scavenging activity were highest in methanol and ethanol extracts. In antimicrobial activity, water extract showed stronger activities than methanol and ethanol extract against Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis, and no inhibitory effects on Gram negative bacteria were found in all extracts at the concentration used.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.574-584
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• 1998

Antimicrobial activities, extraction yields and chemical compositions of the extract from the powder of vacuum dried Smilax china root on various solvents were investigated. Antimicrobial activities against. A rhizogenes, A. tumefaciens, C. utilis, S. cerevisiae, B. megaterium, B. subtilis and E. coli were measured by disc diffusion method. Methanol, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol extracts exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against B. megaterium and B. subtilis. Also, methanol, ethylacetate and butanol extracts had the activities against A. rhizogenes, and chloroform and ethylacetate extracts against A. tumefacciens. The extraction yields were 13.10%, 8.71%, 2.73%, 0.83%, 0.54% and chemical compositions of their extracts were very different according to the kinds of solvents. The main chemical groups of ethylacetate, methanol, chloroform and butanol extracts were 45.99% phenolics, 36.10% acids, 29.13% phenolics and 18.96% phenolics, respectively.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.48-60
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to optimize the extraction of beneficial substance from Cudrania tricuspidata leaves grown at Jirisan Mountain in South Korea by three different solvents depending on extraction time and at different temperature. Methods: The total phenolic contents were determined by the method reported by $S{\acute{a}}nchez$-Moreno et al. The total flavonoid contents were analyzed by Slinkard and Singleton. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined according to the method reported by Blois Results: The extraction yield for each solvent is 9.05-14.1%, 2.17-5.67%, and 2.3-3.9% for D.W., ethanol, and hexane, respectively. The overall results were maximized for the extract obtained with D.W. for 5 min at $100^{\circ}C$. The average phenol contents were 77.11, 45.64, and 0.343 mg/g at $100^{\circ}C$ in water, $78^{\circ}C$ in ethanol, and $68^{\circ}C$ in hexane, respectively. The flavonoid contents were the highest in the materials extracted with D.W., and were increased with increasing temperature, regardless of the extraction solvents, whether water (green), polar organic ethanol, or nonpolar organic hexane. In the ethanol extract, the flavonoid contents are increased gradually from 5.66 mg/g to 7.73 mg/g. The total flavonoid contents were proportional to the concentrations of the water extracts, ranging from 4.14 mg/g to 48.89 mg/g. The antioxidative activities of the water-extracted compounds are generally increased with increasing temperature from 42.5% to 85.5%. Those of the hexane extracts are increased slowly from 3.79% to 8.8%, while those of ethanol extracts are increased from 29.8% to 47.4%. Conclusion: The extraction yields were dependent upon solvents for extraction as well as extraction time and the temperature. The optimal extraction time was 5 min and the extraction yields were increased with increasing temperature excepted hexane. Of the three tested extraction solvents, the greenest solvent of water shows excellent results, suggesting that water is among the most effective solvents for natural sample extractions for general medicinal, pharmaceutical, and food applications.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2017

Recently, coffee is the most popular beverage for modern people. A great number of substances are found in coffee beans and have been studied for many years such as aliphatic and aromatic compounds. However, studies on the physiological activity of coffee extracts are insufficient. This study was performed to determine the contents of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in coffee extracts according to the solvent and to investigate the physiological activity of coffee extracts. Coffee extracts were extracted by ultrasonication method with various types of solvents including distilled water, ethanol, and other organic solvents under $50^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$. The contents of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in coffee extracts were determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Also, cytotoxic and antioxidative effects of coffee extracts were evaluated with MTT and DPPH assays to analyze the physiological activity. As a result, it was confirmed that caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents were extracted in distilled water with the highest rate. Antioxidative activity was observed below 10-fold dilute of coffee extracts, however cytotoxicity was not observed. In conclusion, distilled water was the best solvent for extracting caffeine and chlorogenic acids from coffee bean with ultrasonication and these coffee extracts are less cytotoxic in human skin cell lines and have antioxidant effect.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.224-229
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• 1993

The feeding effects of Rosa rugosa roots powder extracted with two different extracting solvents on lipid metabolism in rats were evaluated. Rats were fed with purified diets containing methanol or 70% aqueous acetone extracts at a 1% level for 4 weeks. In addition, to examine the effects of age, rats with different ages (4weeks old vs. 3 months old) were fed with purified diets containing methanol extracts at a 1% level for 4weeks. Feeding of methanol extracts decreased the concentration of triacylglycerol in serum and liver, whereas the aqueous acetone extracts lowered the concentration of liver triacylglycerol with concomitant elevation of the concentration of serum triacylglycerol. The methanol extracts ameliorated the degree of increase in the serum triacylglycerol level in relation to age and decreased especially the concentration of free fatty acid in serum of adult rats. The results suggested possibility that the regulatory mechanism responsible for triacylglycerol-lowering effects of Rosa rugosa roots extracts in the liver could be modulated by differences in the components of extracts due to the variation in extracting solvents, and that the methanol extracts might be effective in lowering an age-dependent increase in the concentration of serum and liver triacylglycerol in rats.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.347-351
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• 2005

In the present investigation twelve indigenous medicinal plants have been screened for their antiimplantation activity in albino rats. The plant material was subjected for soxhlation successively and separately from non-polar solvents to polar solvents i.e., petroleum ether benzene and ethanol. Out of these three extracts the petroleum ether extract of seeds of Citrus medica, aerial part of Oxalis corniculata and Tinospora cardifolia have showed maximum antiimplantation activity. Ethanol extract of leaves of Cardiospermum helicacabum, roots of Echinops echinatus, leaves of Melia azedarach, seeds of Momordica charantia and bark of Terminalia bellirica have shown maximum antiimplantation activity amongst the three extracts of each plant material screened. Though all the three extracts of seeds of Annona squamosa and leaves of Zizyphus jujube screened for antiimplantation activity, no extract has showed any loss in implantation. The details of the results obtained are discussed.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 진피의 활용도를 높이기 위한 연구의 일환으로 유기용매별에 따른 생리활성물질의 용출량을 측정하기 위해, 진피와 에탄올 진피 추출물을 대상으로 유기용매인 에틸 아세테이트, 아세톤, 염화 메틸렌, 메탄올을 이용하여 추출한 시료를 대상으로 총 폴리페놀 함량, 전자공여능, glutathione S-transferase(GST)의 활성 저해력을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 ethyl acetate인 경우 진피는 $928.48{\pm}1.19{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$, 에탄올 추출 진피는 $664.64{\pm}0.74{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$로, acetone인 경우 진피는 $886.03{\pm}0.44{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$, 에탄올 추출 진피는 $702.67{\pm}0.85{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$로, methylene chloride인 경우 진피는 $413.08{\pm}1.39{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$, 에탄올 추출 진피는 $429.64{\pm}0.61{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$로, methanol인 경우 진피는 $12,648.60{\pm}0.56{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$, 에탄올 추출 진피는 $16,108.20{\pm}0.73{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$로 나타나, 진피나 에탄올 추출 진피는 모두 methanol로 추출한 것이 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, 총 폴리페놀의 함량 차이는 유기용매별 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. 전자공여능은 ethyl acetate인 경우 진피는 62.80%, 에탄올 추출 진피는 51.49%로 나타났으며, acetone인 경우 진피는 97.43%, 에탄올 추출 진피는 63.17%로 나타났으며, methylene chloride인 경우 진피는 52.20%, 에탄올 추출 진피는 67.68%로 나타났으며, methanol인 경우 진피는 97.63%, 에탄올 추출 진피는 96.18%로 나타났다. Electron donating ability(EDA)는 유기용매 중 메탄올로 추출하였을 때가 상대적으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 유기용매별로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 3. Glutathione S-transferase(GST)에 대한 활성 저해능은 ethyl acetate인 경우 진피는 76.22%, 에탄올 추출 진피는 75.54%로 나타났으며, methylene chloride인 경우 진피는 31.73%, 에탄올 추출 진피는 73.53%로 나타났으며, methanol인 경우 진피는 97.48%, 에탄올 추출 진피는 48.70%로 나타났다. Glutathione S-transferase(GST)에 대한 활성 저해능은 진피인 경우 유기용매 중 메탄올로 추출하였을 때가 가장 높게 나타났고, 에탄올 추출 진피인 경우는 에탄올과 methylene chloride로 추출할 때가 높게 나타났으며, 유기용매별로 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.866-870
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• 2015

In this study, coffee waste was extracted with different solvents such as ethyl acetate, methylene chloride and methanol to investigate the total polyphenol contents, electron donating ability and the inhibitory effect on glutathione S-transferase. The total polyphenol contents were $3,060.61{\pm}357.12{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$ in ethyl acetate, $909.09{\pm}35.71{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$ in methylene chloride, and $1,602.27{\pm}30.36{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$ in methanol. The total polyphenol contents showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the solvents. The electron donating ability was $80.20{\pm}1.45%$ for ethyl acetate, $81.94{\pm}0.45%$ for methylene chloride, and $85.14{\pm}1.53%$ for methanol. The electron donating abilities were significantly different (p<0.05) between the solvents. The inhibitory effect of the various extracts on glutathione S-transferase (% inhibition) was $92.12{\pm}0.56%$, $88.48{\pm}0245%$ with methylene chloride extract, and $90.85{\pm}0.14%$ with methanol extract. These too were significant different (p<0.05) between the solvents. The two portions of coffee waste extracts obtained from ethyl acetate and methanol showed meaningful results on the total polyphenol contents, and the inhibition effects on glutathione S-transferase. Therefore, they can be utilized to develop health care foods and can be applied as antioxidants for cosmeceuticals.