• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 도토리를 이용한 기능 식품개발을 목적으로 한 연구의 일환으로 도토리의 항산화 특성을 조사하기 위하여 추출온도 $30{\sim}70^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 $1{\sim}5$ 시간, 용매비 $5{\sim}25$ mL/g을 중심합성계획법으로 16개의 구간으로 하여 총페놀성 화합물의 함량, 전자공여능, 항산화능 및 아질산 염소거작용 등을 반응표면분석법으로 모니터링하여 최적추출조건을 설정하였다. 실험 결과 총페놀성 화합물 함량은 추출온도 $57.91^{\circ}C$, 추출시 간 4.08 시간 및 시료에 대한 용매비 22.39 mL/g에서 최대값을 나타내었으며, 용매비에 영향을 받고 있으며, 추출시간 및 추출온도의 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 전자공여능에 대해서는 추출온도 $60.37^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 2.85 시간 및 용매비 6.47mL/g일 때 최대값을 나타내었으며, 항산화능에서는 최대값이 2.09 AI로 예측되었고, 이때 추출조건은 추출온도 $37.11^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 1.67시간 및 용매비 18.84 mL/g이었으며 추출온도, 추출시간 및 용매비 모두에 대해 영향을 크게 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 아질산염소거능은 추출온도 $47.07^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 1.24시간 및 용매비 19.55 mL/g에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 추출 후 아질산염소거능의 변화는 용매비에 영향을 가장 크게 받으며, 다음으로 추출온도에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으나 설정 범위내에서 추출시간에 대한 영향은 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2007

진달래 화분의 다양한 이용성과 기능성에 관한 연구를 위한 기초연구의 일환으로 추출조건별 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 페놀성 화합물과 DPPH에 의한 전자공여능은 물보다 80%에탄올이 우수하였으며, 용매비에 따른 페놀성 화합물과 전자공여능은 용매비가 20배에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 추출온도에 따른 페놀성 화합물은 $45^{\circ}C$에서 347.60 mg%로 높게 나왔으며, 전자공여능은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 67.93%로 높게 나타났다. 추출시간에 따른 페놀성 화합물의 추출물은 6시간동안 추출한 추출물이 312.63 mg%로 가장 높았으며, 전자공여능은 추출시간에 따라 크게 차이가 나지 않았으나, 바로 추출하였을 때 가장 높게 나타났다. 추출 횟수에 따른 페놀성 화합물의 단위당 추출물과 전자공여능은 2회 추출이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 진달래 화분의 추출물은 페놀성 화합물과 DPPH에 의한 전자공여 활성은 용매비 20배, 추출온도 $25{\sim}45^{\circ}C$, 추출횟수 2회, 추출시간 6시간에서 전반적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2003

Pinosylvin, a stilbenoid phytoalexin, is a health ingredient to be extracted from pine leaves. In this study, ultrasonication-assisted extraction process for manufacturing extracts with high content of pinosylvin from pine leaves was investigated. As process and system variables, ultrasonic power, sonication time and solvent ratio were selected. According to the experimental results, the effective yield of pinosylvin increased with the increase of ultrasonic power and sonication time and the decrease of solvent ratio. When the ultrasonic power of 2400 W/L was added to the solution of pulverized pine leaves of 8 g per 1 L of a solvent for 10 minutes, yield of extracts and purity, effective yield and concentration ratio of pinosylvin were 0.3166 g/g, 0.7247 mg/g, 0.2294 mg/g and 23.0, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.753-759
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• 1998

In physical and reactive extraction of acrylic acid using various solvents the equilibrium characteristics of extraction were investigated. The degree of extraction in reactive extraction with Tri-n-octylamine(TOA) was 1.5~3 times than that in physical extraction. Distribution ratio was constant in methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) and n-butylacetate(n-BAc) but was increased with increasing the concentration of acrylic acid in benzene and chloroform. It can be explained by formation of dimers. Maximum extraction leadings of acrylic acid were three in benzene and were two in MIBK, chloroform and n-BAc, and it was found that acrylic acid was extracted as the form of $A_3$R In benzene and $A_2R$ in MIBK, chloroform and n-BAc. In effect of solvent, the degree of extraction was increased as he difference of solubility parameter of solvent and solute was decreased, and as dielectric constant of solvent was increased.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2013

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process suffers from emulsion instability problem. So far, emulsion produced by mechanical methods such as stirrer and homogenizer has big size and high emulsion breakage. This paper discussed the application of emulsion produced by sonicator to extract cadmium in a batch ELM system. The emulsions consist of N,N-Dioctyl-1-octanamine (trioctylamine/TOA), nitrogen trihydride (ammonia/NH4OH), sorbitan monooleate (Span 80), and kerosene as carrier, stripping solution, emulsifying agent, and organic diluent, respectively. Effects of comprehensive parameters on extraction efficiency of Cd(II) such as emulsification time, extraction time, stirring speed, surfactant concentration, initial feed phase concentration, carrier concentration, volume ratio of the emulsion to feed phase, and pH of initial feed phase were evaluated. The results showed that extraction efficiencies of Cd(II) greater than 98% could be obtained under the following conditions: 15 minutes of emulsification time, 4 wt.% of Span 80 concentration, 4 wt.% of TOA concentration, 15 minutes of extraction time, 250 rpm of stirring speed, 100 ppm of initial feed concentration, volume ratio of emulsion to feed phase of 1:5, and initial feed pH of 1.53.

• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2004년도 춘계임시총회 및 제23회 학술대회
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• pp.218-226
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• 2004

Solvent extraction and stripping experiments were conducted to separate iron from a spent $FeCl_3$ etching solution containing nickel. In the extraction, PC88A, MIBK and Alamine336 were tested as an extractant in various diluents. Alamine336 salt in toluene led to the highest extraction percentage of iron. Stripping percentage of iron from the loaded organic by Alamine336 increased with decreasing HCl conentration of stripping solution and with increasing volume ratio of aqueous to organic. In the operation of bench scale mixer-settler, 7 extraction stage with 1.0M Alamine336 salt in toluene and 10 stripping stage with 0.01M HCl solution resulted in a stripped solution with 133g/L of iron and in a raffinate with most of nickel together with a small amount of iron when the flow rate ratio of organic to aqueous was 7.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1997

염산계 에칭폐액으로부터 추출제로 Alamine336(Tri-n-octylamine)을 이용하여 용매추출법에 의해 구리를 회수하기 위한 연구를 행하였다. 주요 실험변수로는 염산농도 및 염소이온농도, 추출제의 농도, 유기상과 수용액상(폐액상)의 상비 등 구리이온의 추출에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자들에 대하여 실험을 하엿는데, 이 실험결과 추출제의 농도 및 상비가 구리의 추출에 큰영향을 미침을 알 수 있었고 또한 수용액상의 염산 및 염소이온의 농도가 증가할수록 구리의 추출률이 증가하였다. 한편 McCabe-Thiele diagram으로부터 구리성분의 연속추출공정에 필요한 이론적인 추출단수를 결정하였다. 유기상으로 추출된 구리성분은 탈거제로 물($H_2$O)을 사용함으로써 효율적으로 탈거가 가능하였고 탈거제의 온도가 증가할수록 구리성분의 탈거율은 증가하였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2014

Various parameters such as solvent selection, concentration, solid/liquid ratio, soaking time, temperature, stationary, shaking conditions, and repeated extractions were investigated in order to determine the optimum extraction conditions of ${\beta}$-glucosidase from bagasse fermented by mixed culture of Aspergillus niger NRC 7A and Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 447. Among various solvents tested, non ionic detergents gave the best results than the inorganic or organic salt solutions and distilled water. The optimum conditions for extraction of ${\beta}$-glucosidase were 30 min soaking time at $40^{\circ}C$ under shaking condition at 150 rpm, with solid/liquid ratio 1:15 (w/v), which yielded $2882.74{\pm}95.52U/g$ fermented culture (g fc) of enzyme activity. With repeated washes under the above optimum conditions, the results showed that enzyme extracted in the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ washes represents about 90% of the total activity.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 Ⅳ
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• pp.2331-2334
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• 2003

Generally, skin color information has been widely used at the face region extraction step of the face region recognition process. But many experimental results show that they are very sensitive to the given threshold range which is used to extract the face regions at the input image. In this paper, we propose a face region extraction algorithm based on an adaptive range decision for skin color. First we extract the pixels which are regarded as the candidate skin color pixels by using the given range for skin color extraction. Then, the ratio between the total pixels and the extracted pixels is calculated. According to the ratio, we adaptively decide the range of the skin color and extract face region. From the experiment results for the various images, the proposed algorithm shows more accurate results than the conventional algorithm.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.929-934
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• 2006

The digital HPTV(holographic particle tracking velocimetry) velocity field measurement system consists of four steps: recording, numerical reconstruction, particle extraction and velocity extraction. In the velocity extraction process, we improved the two frame PTV algorithm to extract 3-D displacement information of each particle located in 3D space. Because a digital CCD camera was used, some factors such as spatial resolution, numerical aperture, and particle concentration influenced on the performance of the developed digital HPTV. Especially, the particle concentration $(C_o)$ affected the reconstruction efficiency and recovery ratio in the numerical reconstruction and particle extraction procedure. In this paper, the effect of particle concentration reconstruction efficiency and recovery ratio were analyzed experimentally. Optimal particle concentration was found to be in the range of $C_o=11{\sim}17\;particles/mm^3$.