• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 1993

The dried cinnamon was extracted with 12 solvents and studied the extraction conditions of temperature, time, solvent addition ratio and number of extraction for their effects on chemical and antioxidant properties of the extracts. It was found that a relatively higher antioxidant activity expressed as hydrogen donating activity was obtained from water and 70% ethanol extraction among 12 solvents investigated. The solvents of water and 70% ethanol were further studied for effects of several extraction conditions. At the temperature range of $20{\sim}100^{\circ}C\;and\;2{\sim}10$ hours of extraction, the antioxidant activity and % total phenol was significantly increased as the temperature raised up to $80^{\circ}C$ and extraction extented to 8 hours, while the solvent ratio of more than 20 times to dried cinnamon affected little. Soluble materials and degree of browning measured absorbances at 285 and 490nm were also increased at higher temperature. A significant decrease in antioxidant activity and other characteristics was measured in the extracts prepared from third times of extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.720-727
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• 2017

Antioxidants are known to affect the feeding habits of termites and a good source is pine bark which contains high levels of antioxidants which can be extracted with neutral solvents. In this study procyanidins (PCs)-rich MeOH-extract and a hot-water extract (HWE) were prepared from Pinus radiata bark. HWE was further separated into crude PCs (CPCs), polymeric PCs (PPCs), and low-molecular-weight PCs (LMWPCs) fractions. The MeOH extract and these fractions were examined for termite (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar) antifeedant activities using a no-choice test. Catechin was used as a positive control. The LMWPCs was found to be the most effective deterrent to termite feeding. The comparative efficiency of the compounds tested were LMWPCs > PPCs > CPCs > MeOH extract, with the latter being more dependent on molecular weight than on its antioxidant activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2000

Yields of various solvent extracts for Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Z. piperitum leaves were higher in ethanol extract layer. Ethanol Extract in sancho and chopi leaves was fractionated with different solvents, such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water, yields of hexane fraction was higher. In the solvent extracts using methanol, ethanol, hexane, chloroform, and water, ethanol extract showed the most effective antimicrobial activities. Ethanol extract in sancho and chopi leaves was fractionated, the most antimicrobial activities of sancho leaf were ethyl acetate fraction, and chopi leaf were chloroform fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1022-1028
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• 1999

The solvent extracts of Ulmi cortex, which were extracted by using several solvents with different polarities, were prepared for utility as a natural preservatives. The antimicrobial activities and cell growth inhibitions were investigated to each strain with the different concentrations of Ulmi cortex extracts. Methanol extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity. The methanol extract was represented the broad antimicrobial activities for the gram positive and negative strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for each strains were appeared to around 0.3mg/ml at each of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The cell growth inhibitions were not shown on Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lac tobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, but greatly on the Clostridium butyricum. The meth anol extracts were further reextracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol for purifying crude methanol extracts. The extract, which was reextracted by butanol, showed the highest antimicrobial activity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.225.1-230
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• 1995

The ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba showed the strongest antimicrobial activity on the growth of almost all the tested microorganisms which were food-borne pathogens and food-related microorganisms. 1) In order to isolate and purify of antimicrobial substance extracted from the root bark of Morus alba, the antimicrobial substance from the ethanol extract which exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity was purified by solvent fractionation, silica gel column chromatography, TLC and HPLC. Among the fractions fractionated by 4 kind of solvents from the ethanol extract, the antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction had the strongest antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis. Unknown compound were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction by silica gel column chromatography, TLC and HPLC and the compounds showed strong absorbance at 207, 217 and 285 nm, therefore, it was supposed to be a kinds of aromatic compound.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.343-347
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• 2004

Abundant amounts of unripe apples, which were picked out before maturation, were abolished every year fer wastes. Since unripen apples are known to be rich in functional components, the ultimate objective of this research was to utilize them for food resources. The concentrations of polyphenols in hot water extract were the lowest, those in 75% acetone extract the highest. Concentrations of polyphenols in 5/30 sample were 3.5 times higher than those in 6/30 sample regardless of solvents used for extraction. The degree of condensation of flavanolic tannins in the peel was lower than those of the other parts, and the hot water extract was more condensed than the acetone extract. The amount of total flavonoids in the peel and 5/30 samples were 2.7 and 5.0 times higher than those of the flesh and 6/30 samples, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2002

Objectives : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) CCARM 3251 and S. aureusKCTC 1928 have been known to be resistant to many kinds of antibiotics. The extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix showed antibacterial activity against MRSA and antibiotics-resistant S. aureus. Methods : We examined the effects of the water-soluble extract and the methanol-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix on MRSA and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. The methanolic extract was further fractionated with organic solvents such as hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate in that order. Results and Conclusions : The methanol-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix showed relatively high antibacterial activity against MRSA and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. However, the water-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix showed no antibacterial activity against MRSA and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. Among the fractions tested, the chloroform fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity against MRSA and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. The methanol-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against MRSA and antibiotics-resistant S. aureus were $5{\;}mg/m{\ell}$ in both. The methanol-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix was separated using thin-layer chromatography and detected with UV -detector. Further study should be carried out to identify which effects cell growth inhibition of MRSA and antibiotics-resistant S. aureus.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2010

In order to research the effect of solvents of extract on biological activities of Phyllostachys nigra Munro, antioxidative activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, nitrite scavenging activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibibitory activity in vitro were investigated. When ethyl acetate and hexane as solvents were used, the total phenols concentrations were 44.1 and 47.3 mg/kg, respectively, which was about 2.0 fold higher than that of water. The antioxidive activity was affected by solvents of extraction. The antioxidative activity was increased in order of hexane > ethyl acetate > n-butanol > methanol > water extraction. On the other hand, in the case of SOD-like activity, it was in the order of methanol > n-butanol > hexane > ethyl acetate extraction. The nitrite scavenging ability showed the most remarkable activity at pH 1.2 irrespective of solvents. Especially, when pH was increased from 1.2 to 6.0 using ethyl acetate extraction, it was decreased from 69.2 to 7.8%. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was in the range of 15.2~21.3% and was increased in order of water > methanol > n-butanol>hexane > ethyl acetate extract. These results suggest that hexane and ethyl acetate extraction of Phyllostachys nigra Munro can be used in bioactive and functional materials.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2014

In this study, we investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts of Enteromorpha intestinalis. To evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, three solvents (hexane, chloroform and methanol) were applied to obtain extracts. The extraction yields are hexane (A) 1.11%, chloroform (B) 0.94%, and methanol (C) 8.2%. Also, the contents of total phenolic compounds of extract A, B, C are 4.03%, 8.15%, and 2.33%, respectively. In the results of antimicrobial activity, extract A and B have higher activity than that of extract C. Especially, Vibrio vulificus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli are more sensitive than others. In antioxidant activity, extract A and B present the higher DPPH activity than that of control (BHA and ascorbic acid). The DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity are ordered as B>C>A. However, extract C show high value in ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. In nitrite scavenging activity, extract A is relatively higher than others. However, the antioxidant activities are lower than that of controls (ascorbic acid and BHA). The antioxidant activities are presented the increasing pattern of increasing by the increasing of extract concentration.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.4 s.135
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• pp.293-296
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxic effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and KB cell lines. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The comparison of $IC_{50}$ of values of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts in KB cell lines showed that their susceptibility to these extracts decreased in the following order: hexane extract > chloroform extract > methanol extract> dichloromethane extract > ethyl acetate extract>ethanol extract by the MTT method. The dried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza was extracted several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) of the extract against microorganisms were also examined. Amtimicrobial activity of ketoconazol as reference was compared to those of extracts of hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of all extracts from the sample had growth inhibition activity against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria and fungi. These results suggest that the hexane and chloroform soluble extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza may be a valuable choice for the studies on the tumor cell lines and growth inhibition activity.