• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2014

Quantitative rise and This study carried out qualitative research by utilizing NVivo 10 focusing on the contents of mass media such as newspaper or internet on the presidential security service up to the Park Geun-hye government from the 3rd Republic of Korea, which was established the presidential security service. The aim is to present opinion so that the presidential security organization can strengthen capability and function within the governmental organization down the road based on the contents of categories, which were elicited through this. First, there is a need of solidifying the internal stability with the expansion in the activity sphere of organization and of externally approaching the public with removing sense of difference caused by offering personal protection only to some of the privileged class in the meantime. Second, it is the foundation of a reason related to crime in a cause for Discharge by Authority pertinent to "law on security for president and others" in Article 10 in order to prevent a criminal act of having abused the task characteristic and the position superiority or an external pressure act related to intervention in rights. Third, there is a need of making it recognized as very important organization with putting differentiation from other organizations of the government by providing the disciplinary level more strictly than "disciplinary order on public officials" based on particularity and importance dubbed presidential security service along with correspondingly applying "disciplinary order on public officials" in Article 31 in accordance with "enforcement ordinance of law on security for president and others" in terms of service negligence and false-information report in relation to task performance.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.221-229
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• 2008

An improved unbonded-type column strengthening procedure using wire rope and T-shaped steel plate units was proposed. Eight strengthened columns and an unstrengthened control column were tested under concentric axial load. The main variables considered were the volume ratio of wire rope and the flange width and configuration of T-shaped steel plates. Axial load capacity and ductility ratio of columns tested were compared with predictions obtained from the equation specified in ACI 318-05 and those of conventionally tied columns tested by Chung et al., respectively. In addition, a mathematical model was proposed to evaluate the complete stress-strain relationship of concrete confined by the wire rope and T-plate units. Test results showed that the axial load capacity and ductility of columns increased with the increase of the volume ratio of wire rope and the flange width of T-plates. In particular, at the same lateral reinforcement index, a much higher ductility ratio was observed in the strengthened columns having the volume ratio of wire rope above 0.0039 than in the tied columns. A mathematical model for the stress-strain relationship of confined concrete using the proposed strengthening procedure is developed. The predicted stress-strain curves were in good agreement with test results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.519-522
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• 2007

China infrastructure construction market has huge potential for increased use of PPP/BOT mode and one of the most attractive markets of doing business. However, there are still a multitude of challenges for overseas EPC contractor to enter into the China PPP/BOT market both internally and externally. Especially, the construction legal system and relevant policies are considered at present the biggest barriers in accessing China construction market. Therefore, the main purpose of the paper is to identify the impact of the construction laws, regulations and BOT-related policies on the viability of foreign contractor-led BOT project in China. To the satisfaction of the purpose, this paper will first analyze China construction laws based on the key issues that must be tackled by foreign EPC contractor before they enter into China. This summary gives the possible contract scheme for a BOT project of interest in which foreign contractors could define the scope of works and measure the viability of the project. Finally, a case study of wastewater treatment plant BOT project in China subsequently illustrates some of the lessons learned from the foreign contractor's perspectives for successfully participating in future environmental market in China.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.5-14
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• 2002

The amusement design of a large amusement park, including theme park, largely consists of attraction design, the main facilities, and auxiliary facilities design. The purpose of this study was to discuss the physical motion characteristics of major ride, a recently highlighted representative ride attraction, modern people's thirst for stronger stimuli, and some of the right future directions for amusement design. In theme park, there is an growing trend for rides, especially major rides, to be more thrilling, and Newton's Law motion is basically applied. The rides we can often see provides a thrilling experience that is different from that offered by vehicles we use everyday, due to a variety of speed change, namely of acceleration. Every entertainment facilities, including ride attractions, are externally cutting edge with the use of new technology. but internally, poor theme or concept not only makes it difficult to function properly as attraction but poses a severe threat to theme park survival itself. Theme park will be able to exist as a comprehensive entertainment entity, when attractions are designed to have a perfect harmony among story, method and environment with cultural universality.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.35-54
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• 2001

The construction of Daedeok Science Town, located in Yuseong ward of Daejeon metropolitan city, began in the early 1970s. It started out as a national project to form an agglomeration of the major central government research institutions. Since that time Daedeok Science Town has also attracted private research institutions, mainly during the 1900s. This study geographically analyzes this research institutions to clarify the regional identity of Daedeok Science Town through an integrated approach of existing new regional geography approach, which is characteristics of labour market as the regional pattern of its laborers' residences, spatial labour division, its research network with other institutions, and networks of university, research institution, and corporations, through the spatial spread of intellectual right of property and through network of technology business incubator relationship with spin offs which is appeared to spatial interaction. The results of the study are as follows: First of all, Daedeok Science Town was not only self-sustenance with marketing garden of agricultural regions in the suburb of Daejeon city but also was consign of agricultural products to Daejeon city before 1972. Since that time, the identity of Daedeok Science town has been formed by externally factors of the science development, by the local decentralization of population and public offices in Seoul metropolitan area in terms of the world economy system, and by the internally accessibility maximization of the central location in Korea between 1992 and 1999. On the part of Daedeok Science Town it has some merits of in-migration from nation-wide, and of mother city's Daejeon. Lastly at the period of the venture business beginning after 1999, the role of institution, developing the existing high technology, made great contribution to an attraction of ventures business to here in need of high technology industry growth, including knowledge-based industry in the informated society. On these bases, Daedeok Science Town seems to grow spontaneously as a science park.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.693-718
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• 2015

This paper examines the presence of network structures among convergence technologies focusing on national R&D projects performed by GRIs(Government-sponsored Research Institutes) in Korea. The dataset of convergence technology projects, which were conducted by 24 GRIs over 3 years (2011-2013), are analysed using the network analysis method. In this paper, a convergence technology project is defined as a project that consists of 2 or more then 2 technologies according to the intermediate classification of National Standard Classification of S&T. The research results confirm that convergence researches of government-sponsored research institutes are performed more actively than the entire convergence researches of national R&D projects. Furthermore, technological fields of GRIs' convergence projects are found to be much more varied. This paper also shows that in-house researches are more active than collaborative ones with external organizations. According to the network centrality analysis, it is identified that the network central characteristics of convergence technologies can be classified into internally oriented technologies and externally oriented technologies. Convergence technologies do not just mean simple mixture of different technologies. Therefore Korean government-sponsored research institutes should make more efforts to create convergence research areas which could generate new technologies and industries more effectively than simple multidisciplinary technology researches. From this perspective, some policy suggestions can be derived on the role of government-sponsored research institutes for activating convergence researches through the analysis of status of convergence researches and networks of institutions.

• Strategy21
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• s.37
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• pp.104-143
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• 2015

China's new grand strategy, the "One Belt, One Road Initiative" (also Belt Road Initiative, or BRI) has two primary components: Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the "Silk Road Economic Belt" in September 2013 during a visit to Kazakhstan, and the "21^st Century Maritime Silk Route Economic Belt" in a speech to the Indonesian parliament the following month. The BRI is intended to supply China with energy and new markets, and also to integrate the countries of Central Asia, the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN), and the Indian Ocean Region - though not Northeast Asia - into the "Chinese Dream". The project will be supported by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), due to open in 2016 with 57 founding members from all around the world, and China has already promised US$ 50 billion in seed funding. China's vision includes networks of energy pipelines, railways, sea port facilities and logistics hubs; these will have obvious commercial benefits, but also huge geopolitical significance. China seems to have two distinct aims: externally, to restore its historical sphere of influence; and internally, to cope with income inequalities by creating middle-class jobs through enhanced trade and the broader development of its economy. In South Korea, opinion on the BRI is sharply polarized. Economic and industrial interests, including Korea Railroad Corporation (KORAIL), support South Korean involvement in the BRI and closer economic interactions with China. They see how the BRI fits nicely with President Park Geun-hye's Eurasia Initiative, and anticipate significant commercial benefits for South Korea from better connections to energy-rich Russia and the consumer markets of Europe and Central Asia. They welcome the prospect of reduced trade barriers between China and South Korea, and of improved transport infrastructure, and perceive the political risks as manageable. But some ardently pro-US pundits worry that the political risks of the BRI are too high. They cast doubt on the feasibility of implementing the BRI, and warn that although it has been portrayed primarily in economic terms, it actually reveals a crucial Chinese geopolitical strategy. They are fearful of China's growing regional dominance, and worried that the BRI is ultimately a means to supplant the prevailing US-led regional security structure and restore the Middle Kingdom order, with China as the only power that matters in the region. According to this view, once China has complete control of the regional logistics hubs and sea ports, this will severely limit the autonomy of China's neighbors, including South Korea, who will have to toe the Chinese line, both economically and politically, or risk their own peace and prosperity.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.57-77
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• 2011

Recently, property and life loss is increasing internally and externally, due to fire spread in high-rise buildings which results from a variety of disasters like fire and terror. In this study, therefore, an evacuation simulation was performed to predict escape behaviors of occupants and assess escape safety in high-rise office buildings after setting up each scenario, as part of safety measures for high-rise buildings. Based on the results and data obtained, escape safety was assessed, finally. The results and suggestions of this study are as follows. Firstly, most of the present researches on high-rise building and multiple-use facilities are weighted towards qualitative perspectives. It is, therefore, considered that we have to establish concrete, practical, systematical and rational safety measures to minimize damages in dangerous situations, by analyzing security plans for high-rise buildings in depth and preparing for those situations from various angles. Secondly, setting up evacuation sections in security plans for high-rise buildings is an important factor which influences refuge. Thirdly, in relation to security plans for high-rise buildings, it is possible to reduce the entire time for escape, by setting up escape exits of each floor in consideration of a simultaneous evacuation situation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2015

The specific and sensitive nested-PCR method to detect Acidovorax citrulli, a causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch on cucurbitaceae, was developed. PCR primers were designed from the draft genome sequence which was obtained with the Next Generation Sequencing of A. citrulli KACC10651, and the nested-PCR primer set (Ac-ORF 21F/Ac-ORF 21R) were selected by checking of specificity to A. citrulli with PCR assays. The selected nested-PCR primer amplified the 140 bp DNA only from A. citrulli strains, and detection sensitivity of the nested PCR increased 10,000 times of $1^{st}$ PCR detection limit (10 ng genomic DNA/PCR). The nested PCR detected A. citrulli from the all samples of seed surface wash (external seed detection) of the artificially inoculated watermelon seeds with $10^1cfu/ml$ and above population of A. citrulli while the nested PCR could not detected A. citrulli from the mashed seed suspension (internal seed detection) of the all artificially inoculated watermelon seeds. When the naturally infested watermelon seeds (10% seed infested rate with grow-out test) used, the nested PCR detected A. citrulli from 2 seed samples out of 10 replication samples externally and 5 seed samples out of 10 replication samples internally. We believe that the nested-PCR developed in this study will be useful method to detect A. citrulli from the Cucurbitaceae seeds.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 1987

The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the surface structure of Paragonimus westermani metacercaria in Korea with special reference to the distribution of sensory papillae. Metacercariae were isolated from crayfish, one of the second intermediate tost of P. westermani in Bogil island, Chollanam-do (Province), Korea, where has been known as an endemic area of human paragonimiasis. Isolated metacercariae were encysted and examined with light. scanning and transmission electron microscopes for morphological features. On the surface of iBetacercariae, three types of sensory FaFillae were identified. Large domed papillae ($3~5{\mu\textrm{m}}$), which were covered with wrinkled plasma n!embrane of the worm, were distributed on the oral and ventral suckers only. On the oral sucker, these large domed papillae were 12~13 in number. On the other hand large domed papillae on the ventral sucker were constantly 6 in number and hexagonal in distribution. Small domed papillae ($2~3{\mu\textrm{m}}$), of which surface was more smooth than those of large ones, were distributed symmetrically on the ventral (30~32 pairs) and dorsal surfaces (40~42 Pairs). Ciliated Papillae ($0.8~1.5{\mu\textrm{m}}$) were observed about 5~6 in number around the oral sucker and 3~5 pairs each on the ventral and dorsal surface of the body. Single Fcinted spines covered the entire surface of the body except around the excretory pore. Spines on the anterior fart of the body were 0.9~2.0${\mu\textrm{m}}$ in length and $45~55/100{\mu\textrm{m}}$2 in number, and were gradually reduced in length ($0.4~1.4{\mu\textrm{m}}$) and in nuns.her ($12~27/100{\mu\textrm{m}}$2) toward the posterior part. The body wall of p. westermoni metacercariae was consisted with anucleated syncytium layer, fibrous interstitial layer and musclar layer. In the anucleated syncytium, biconcave ($0.15~0.55{\mu\textrm{m}}$) and spherical ($0.08~0.16{\mu\textrm{m}}$) secretory granules, which were transferred from epidermal cells via protoplasmic tubules, mitochondria and rihoEorses, T-ere observed. Spines originated around the basement membrane protruded externally. Epidermal cells were consisted with a nucleus and a cytoplasm, and connected to syncytium with protoplasmic tubules. In the cytoplasm many secretory granules, mitochondria, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticula, ribosomes and lipid droplets were observed.