• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.428-434
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• 2001

After miniplate fixation of mandibular angle fractures, fracture line stability during functional loading was evaluated. Using panoramic radiographs, 15 mandibular angle fracture patients who were treated by open reduction and one miniplate fixation along the external oblique ridge, were evaluated at postoperative 1, 4 and 8 weeks. At each time, 2 radiographs were taken: one taken during maximum biting of hardened silicone sheet on the affected side molar area and the other on the non-affected side. The distraction gap of inferior border of mandible at each time and each side was measured and these data were analysed statistically with clinical findings. The differences of inferior border distraction gap during hardened silicone sheet biting on the affected side molar area and on the non-affected side molar area at 4 week radiographs were smaller than those of 1 week's except one case. At 8 week's radiographs, the fracture lines were so stabilized that it was almost impossible to find the gap differences except one case and there were increased radiopacity along the entire fracture lines. Clinically, bony union was confirmed in all cases during plate removal performed at postoperative 6 month. By statistical analysis(paired t-test), the inferior border distraction gap during biting of hardened silicone sheet on the affected side was significantly reduced during 1 and 4 week interval(p<0.01). The differences of inferior border distraction gap during biting on the affected side molar area and on the non-affected side molar area were also significantly reduced at 1 and 4 week interval(p<0.01). But the inferior border distraction(compression) gap during non-affected side biting was not significantly changed. From these findings, it could be concluded that fracture line stability during functional loading after one miniplate fixation of mandibular angle fractures stems mainly from reduction of inferior border distraction gap during affected side biting on time interval. According to these radiographic and clinical findings, the clinical superiority of one miniplate fixation technique in mandibular angle fracture treatment could be confirmed.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2017

The problem of trunk stability is a major factor in back pain.. Abdominal draw in maneuver(ADIM), One of the trunk stabilization exercises to relieve lumbar instability, is a method of inducing selective contraction of the transverse abdominis associated with anticipatory posture control among the abdominal stabilization muscles. ADIM is usually performed with a visual feedback by applying a pressure biofeedback unit(PBU) under the lumbar at the supine position, which is not functional compared to the sitting position. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ADIM applied in supine and sitting position on 31 healthy men and women. In each posture, muscle activity was measured by rectal abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), transverse abdominis (TrA)/internal obilique (IO) and erector spinae (ES) using wireless EMG. In the result, there was no significant difference between RA and EO between the two postures and there was a significant difference between TrA / IO and ES. In both postures, the activity of TrA/IO was higher than that of RA, and the effect of ADIM was shown to be the same, whereas TrA/IO and ES showed higher activity in sitting position. This means that the activity of the muscles involved in the postural stability and lumbar stability is increased further in the sitting position. Therefore, ADIM in sitting, which can be applied more easily in daily life, is useful for improving lumbar stability.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.223-235
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• 1993

요통(Lowback Pain)을 유발하는 주요원인으로 알려져있는 MMH(Manual Materials Handling) 작업에 있어서 작업조건의 변화가 근육의 활동과 피로도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 4가지 서로 다른 작업조건하에서 몸통부위(Trunk)의 주요근육에 대한 EMG 파형분석을 실시 하였다. 본 연구에서의 분석대항작업은 실제 작업조건과 유사하레 설계된 120분간의 단속적인 인양(Lifting)/하역(Lowering) 작업으로서 작업중량은 작업자의 MVIS(Maximum Voluntary Isometric Strength)를 기준으로 설정되었으며, 매 10분 간격으로 EMG 측정이 이루어졌다. 작업물이 작업자의 정면에 위치한 대칭형(Symmetric) 작업의 경우 배면부(Dorsal) 근육인 천극근(Erector Spinae)과 활배근(Latissimus Dorsi)이 활동근(Active Muscle)인 것으로 나타났으며, 정중면(Medial Plane)을 중심으로 좌우측 근육이 동일한 근력을 발휘하였다. 작업물이 작업자의 한쪽 측면에 위치한 90도 비대칭형(Asymmetric) 작업의 경우 천극근과 활배근외에 작업물과 반대쪽 외사근(External Oblique)이 활동근으로 추가되었으며, 작업물과 반대쪽의 근육들이 더욱 큰 근력을 발휘하였다. 작업의 반복에 따른 근육의 피로도를 평가하기 위해 실시한 EMG 파형의 Spectral Analysis 결과, 비대칭형 작업시 작업물과 반대쪽의 천극근에서 작업시간의 경과에 따라 중위주파수(Median Power Frequency)가 저주 파수대로 천이(Lower Shift)하는 현상이 나타났으며, 일정한 작업량이라도 작업중량을 줄이고 작업 빈도를 높여서 작업할 경우에 이러한 현상이 더욱 두드러졌다. 작업시간의 경과에 따른 MVIS의 감소 현상은 작업빈도가 높고 비대칭형 작업일 때 가장 크게 나타났다. 총손실을 줄이고, 상대적 비용절감효과를 갖게할 수 있다고 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 성인 여성기성복의 치수적합성을 높이기위하여 출산 후 중년에 접어 들면서 체형이 변화되는 것을 고려하여 연령을 분류하고(18세-34세, 30세-51세), 각 연령 집단에 따른 체형을 각각 3가지로 분류하였다. 이에 따라 의복 생산시의 총손실을 줄이기위한 상의, 하의생산시 필요한 부위별 최적규격치 간격을 제시하였다.적인 기능으로 보여지는 것에 좁혀서 작업능력의 연령증가 변화에 대하여다원적 평가를 하는 것이 실제적이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인간이 가지고 있는 다수의 기능중에서 수지교 치성과 연령증가와의 관계를 조사한다. 만약 연령증가 만으로 수지교치성을 평가 할 수 없는 경우에는 어떠한 요인이 수지기민성의 변화에 영향을 미치는가를 검토한다.t list)에서 자동적으로 사건들의 순서가 결정되도록 확장하였으며, 설비 제어방식에 있어서도 FIFO, LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과 0.05 - 0.10 mm/hr 의 범위로서 이로 인한 강우손실량은 큰 의미가 없음을 알았다.재발이 나타난 3례의 환자를 제외한 9례 (75%)에서는 현재까지 재발소견을 보이지 않고 있다. 이러한 결과는 다른 보고자들과 유사한 결과를

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.221-270
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• 1998

Objective This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances as a basic principle, and it is for finding shape differences of the ear, eye, nose, mouth according to the Sasang constitution Method We have collected 209 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung-Hee Medical Center and took pictures of the frontal view, lateral view, oblique view of face and measured heights, deapth, breadths of ear, eye, nose, mouth with 'The Measurement of R. Martin'. We analyzed shape differences of the face according to the Sasang constitution with certain results Results We got the morphologic characteristics of ear, eye, nose and mouth according to the Sasang constitution as Table 3. -Table 10. Conclusion : 1. The morphologic characteristics of Ear according to the Sasang constitution (1) Morphologic ear length, Physiognomic ear length, Ear lobule length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (2) Physiognomic ear breadth is wider in Taeumin than Soeumin. (3) Physiognomic ear length, lobule length ratio is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin. 2. The morphologic characteristics of Eye according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Inner Palpebral fissure width, 5th Palpebral fissure length, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance is the longest in Taeumin (2) Palpebral fissure inclination is widest in Soeumin. (3) Palpebral fissure length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (4) Pupillary diameter ratio is the lowest in Taeumin (5) Palpebral fissure length, width ratio is higher in Soeumin than Taeumin. (6)zygomatic breadth, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance ratio is the higher in Taeumin than Soeumin. 3. The morphologic characteristics of Nose according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Nasion depth is deepest in Soyangin. (2) Nasion to pupillary depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (3) Nasal tip depth, Nostril to Nasalalar depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (4) Subnasale to Nasalalar depth is the shallowest in Taeumin (5) Nasalalar height is lowest in Soeumin. (6) Nasalalar to Nostril distance is deeper Taeumin than Soeumin. (7) Nasal tip depth, Nasal depth ratio is the highest in Taeumin (8) Nasal depth Nasalalar heightratio is lowest in Soeumin. (9) Midfaceheight, Nasal tip depth ratio is higher Soyangin than Taeumin. 4. The morphologic characteristics of mouth according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Lower mid lip height, Lower philtrum height, Lower quarter lip height, Total middle lip height, Total philtrum height, Total quarter lip height is the shottest in Soyangin. (2) Upper mid lip height, Upper philtrum height is longer in Taeumin than Soyangin (3) Lip inclination is higher in Soeumin than Soyangin. (4) Intercheilion breadth, total height ratio is lowest in Soyangin. (5) Total lip height, Upper philtrum height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Soeumin. (6) Lower lip height Lower quarter lip height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Taeumin. (8) Total lip area is wider in Taeumin than Soyangin.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.695-698
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• 2011

Purpose: Since spinal tuberculosis is increasing in prevalence, it appears that a repair of spinal soft tissue defect as a complication of spinal tuberculosis can be a meaningful work. We report this convenient and practical reconstructive surgery which use bilateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous advancement flap. Methods: Before the operation, $13{\times}9.5$ cm sized skin and soft tissue defect was located on the dorsal part of a patient from T11 to L3. And dura was exposed on L2. Under the general endotrachel anesthesia, the patient was placed in prone position. After massive saline irrigation, dissection of the bilateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps was begun just upper to the paraspinous muscles (at T11 level) by seperating the paraspinous muscles from overlying latissimus dorsi muscles. The plane between the paraspinous muscles fascia and the posterior edge of the latissimus dorsi muscle was ill-defined in the area of deformity, but it could be identified to find attachment of thoracolumbar fascia. The seperation between latissimus dorsi and external oblique muscle was identified, and submuscular plane of dissection was developed between the two muscles. The detachment from thoracolumbar fascia was done. These dissections was facilitated to advance the flap. The posterior perforating vasculature of the latissimus dorsi muscle was divided when encountered approximately 6 cm lateral to midline. Seperating the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle from rib was done. The dissection was continued on the deep surface of the latissimus dorsi muscle until bilateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps were enough to advance for closure. Once this dissection was completely bilateraly, the bipedicled erector spinae muscle was advanced to the midline and was repaired 3-0 nylon to cover the exposed vertebrae. And two musculocutaneous units were advanced to the midline for closure. Three 400 cc hemovacs were inserted beneath bilateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps and above exposed vertebra. The flap was sutured with 3-0 & 4-0 nylon & 4-0 vicryl. Results: The patient was kept in prone and lateral position. Suture site was stitched out on POD14 without wound dehiscence. According to observative findings, suture site was stable on POD55 without wound problem. Conclusion: Bilateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous advancement flap was one of the useful methods in repairing of large spinal soft tissue defect resulting from spinal tuberculosis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.720-726
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the comparative analysis of body muscle EMGs according to the prop and different foot stability during Pilates bridge motion. Eighteen adult males(age, 22.3±2.1 years; height, 173.89±4.51 cm; body mass, 72.61±4.13 kg; and BMI, 24.03±1.31 kg/m²) participated in this study as subjects. The Pilates bridge was composed of a total of 9 motions, according to the props (NP, no prop; RG, ring; GB, gym ball) and different foot stability (BS, basic surface; FR, form roller; BOSU, both sides up). We measured the right's muscle activities of the upper rectus abdominis, lower abdominal stabilizers, external oblique, adductor longus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, and biceps femoris. The research findings were as follows. During Pilates bridge motion, the use of GB was found to be more effective in activating the body muscle. And during Pilates bridge motion, the use of BOSU was found to be most high in activating the body muscle as well. To summarize the research findings, the use of GB and BOSU during Pilates bridge motion were discovered to enormous affect muscle activities. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to be able to present efficient Pilates bridge exercises for strengthening physical strength.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate relations and effectiveness about mountain climbling exercise with different level of support surfaces by analyzing heart rate and EMG data. A total of 10 male college students with no musculoskeltal disorder were recruited for this study. Method: The biomechanical analysis was performed using heart rate monitor (Polar V800, Polar Electro Oy, Finland), step-box, exercise mat, and EMG device (QEMG8, Laxtha Inc. Korea, sampling frequency = 1,024 Hz, gain = 1,000, input impedance > 1012 Ω, CMRR > 100 dB). In this research, step-box were used to create different surface levels on the upper body (flat surface, 10% of subject's height, 20% of subject's height, and 30% of subject's hight). Based on these different conditions, data was collected by performing mountain climbing exercise during 30 seconds. Subjects were given 5 minutes of break to prevent muscular fatigue after each exercise. For each dependent variable, a one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was conducted to find significant differences and Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed. Results: The results of this study showed that exercise intensity was reduced statistically as increased surface level on the upper body. Muscle activity of the upper rectus abdominis and biceps femoris for 30% of surface level was significantly higher than the corresponding values for flat surface. However, the opposite was found in the rectus femoris. In general, muscle activity of the lower rectus abdominis, erector spinae, external oblique abdominis, and gluteus maximus increased when surface level increased, but the differences were not significant. Conclusion: As a result, the increase in surface level of the body would change muscle activity of the upper body, indicating that different surface level of the upper body may cause significant effect on particular muscles to be more active during mountain climbing exercise. Based on results of this study, it is suggested to set up an appropriate surface level to target particular muscle to expect an effective training. It is also important to set adequate surface levels to create an effective training condition for preventing exercise injuries.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2021

The present study investigated the effects of dynamic tubing gait (DTG II) program on the balancing ability for the promotion of life care of patients with chronic stroke. In the study, 25 sessions of DTG II program (30 minutes per session, 5 sessions per week, for a total of 5 weeks) were applied to 10 patients with chronic stroke. To determine the effects of DTG II program for improving balance, surface electromyography(external oblique, erector spinae, iliopsoas, gluteus maximus), symmetry index test on three pelvic axes, and dynamic gait index test were performed before and after the intervention. The results showed statistically significant differences between preand post-intervention measurements of the gluteus maximus muscle at early and mid-stance phases(p<.05). The pelvic symmetry index differed significantly between pre- and post-intervention measurements of diagonal and rotational movement(p<.05). Comparison of dynamic gait index also showed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-intervention measurements(p<.05). Based on these findings, it was determined that the DTG II program was able to improve the balancing ability of patients with chronic stroke by activating their trunk muscles and improving the symmetry of diagonal pelvic movement and rotation. Therefore, DTG II program is recommended as an interventional method to improve life-care through improving the balancing ability of patients with chronic stroke.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of coordinative locomotor training (CLT) program on the balance for the promotion of life care of elderly obese women. Ten participants of elderly obese women who were able to walk independently without surgery experience of lumbar, hip or knee joint within the past year were recruited and under went the pretest, CLT (20 sessions), followed by the post-test. The test included BMI test using In-body, joint kinematics using myoVIDEO, muscle activation using surface EMG test (erector spinae (ER), external oblique abdominalis (EO), quadriceps femoris (Quad), hamstring muscle (Ham)) and balance tests including dynamic balance test using forced treadmill, Berg balance scale (BBS) and timed up go (TUG). The CLT program was conducted 60 minutes a day, 5 days a week, over 4 weeks period. As a result of this study, The the trunk and hip joints kinematics during the stance and swing phases of gait were a statistical significance levels were set at p <0.05. The ER and EO muscle activation were significantly improved after intervention (p <0.05). The length of gait line and single support line of change of center of pressure (COP) were significantly increased after intervention (p <0.05). The BBS and TUG were also significantly enhanced after intervention (p <0.05). The results of this study showed that CLT program for the improvement of life care had significant effects on improving postural instability, muscle weakness, reduced balance ability and falling risk of obese elderly women. Therefore, it is recommended to apply CLT program to improve life-care through improving balance ability and preventing fall of obese elderly women.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was to understand about the measurement of shoulder motion fraction and motion ratio. We proposed the radiological criterior of glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement ratio. Materials and Methods : We measured the motion fraction of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement using CR(computed radiological system) of arm elevation at neutral, 90 degree, full elevation. Central ray was $15^{\circ},\;19^{\circ},\;22^{\circ}$ to the cephald for the parallel scapular spine, and the tilting of torso was external oblique $40^{\circ},\;36^{\circ},\;22^{\circ}$ for perpendicular to glenohumeral surface. Healthful donor of 100 was divided 5 groups by age(20, 30, 40, 50, 60). The angle of glenohumeral motion and scapulothoracic motion could be taken from gross arm angle and radiological arm angle. We acquired 3 images at neutral, $90^{\circ}$ and full elevation position and measured radiographic angle of glenoheumeral, scapulothoracic movement respectively. Results : While the arm elevation was $90^{\circ}$, the shoulder motion fraction was 1.22(M), 1.70(W) in right arm and 1.31, 1.54 in left. In full elevation, Right arm fraction was 1.63, 1.84, and left was 1.57, 1.32. In right dominant arm(78%), $90^{\circ} and Full motion fraction was 1.58, 1.43, in left(22%) 1.82, 1.94. In generation 20, $90^{\circ} and Full motion fraction was 1.56, 1.52, 30' was 1.82, 1.43, 40' was 1.23, 1.16, 50' was 1.80, 1.28, 60' was 1.24, 1.75. There was not significantly by gender, dominant arm and age. Conclusion : The criterior of motion fraction was useful reference for clinical dignosis the shoulder instability.