• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study is to arrange the literature about acupuncture therapy on the hemorrhoids and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula. Methods : We arrange Huang Di Nei Jing and fifteen kinds of literature about the hemorrhoids and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula. Results : 1. The cause of hemorrhoids are overfatigue, overeating, imbalance of stool(const-ipation or diarrhea), uncontrol sexual excess or abstinence, pathgenic factors of wetness, heat, wind, dry, fire, chronical hemorrhoids that has not been treated, and general weakness. 2. Symptom of hemorrhoids is that skin is projected form the nine holes or varicose extension to become hemorrhoid. Hemorrhoids is small nodosity that projected on the anal inter or outer region, and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula is pus which comes out form one or some fistula on the anal around inter and outer region. 3. Therapy method of hemorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are elimination pathological heat from blood, promote blood flow to remove blood stasis, cold in nature and purge away fire, remove heat form the blood, promote blood flow to remove blood stasis, cold in nature and purge away fire, remove heat from the blood and eliminate dampness, tonify the spleen and replenish Ki, dispel wind and alleviate pain and so forth. Therapy method of hemorrhoid is to give the first consideration to relieve blood: eliminating pathological heat form blood complicated by anal fistula is to tonify the blood first, than after that eliminating pathological heat form blood. About external method are method of fumigation, method of ointment, method of close with medicine, necrotizing method and also operation(injection, bind etc.)was used for treatment. 4. The prescription are Gurgak-hwan, Wypi-hwan, Gunggyi-tang, Jingyochangchul-tang, Jingyobangpung-tang, Mokhyangbinrang-hwan, Ochi-san, Gamihyanso-san, Jojang-hwan, Sinyung-hwan used frequently. 5. food taboo on patient's diet of the hemorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are raw grain, cold or dampness food, alcohol, hot food, Singiberis rhizoma recens, Cinnamomi ramulus. 6. Acupuncture therapy on the hemorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are, in the first stage eliminating pathological heat form blood and eliminate dampness, and in the long term eliminate dampness, promote and remove meridian energy, remove that form the intestines, dispel channels and collaterals. 7. Acupuncture points at B2, CV1, B58, B36, B56, Sp5, S30, B25, B54, GV1, GV20, L6, B40 used frequently for the acupuncture therapy, and acupuncture point at GV4, GV1, B30, hemorrhoidal point used form moxibustion. Reduction blood at B40 and blue capillary of Sp9 and acupuncture Chungbaek, Ki-gack, Ki-jung, Ki-mun(Dongsh Kihyel) makes the treatment very effective.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2002

According to the literature on the, the results were as follows. 1. The mechanism of External therapy for prostatitis is some medicicne to come into prostate have anti-inframation and the other medicine to come into nerve system control pain. 2. For the method are uesed hip bath, enema and sticking the pacth to the umbilicus etc. 3. For the medicine are used safflower(紅花), patrinia(敗醫草), chrysanthemum flower(菊花) and Cortex Phellodendri(黃栢). nature and flavor of the medicine is almost cold, bitter in taste and hot in taste. 4. For the classification of medicine are used drug to induce diuresis to elominate stranguria(利尿通淋藥) and drug to induce diuresis to dispersing swelling(利水退腫藥). sometimes they are used to Heat-clearing and detoxifying drug(淸熱解毒藥) and blood-quickening aget(活血祛瘀藥).

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1985

A two dimensional analysis of the solidification phenomena has been simulated by IAD (Implicit Alternating Direction)method for L-shaped castings with external chills. The effect of chills has been studied with the variation of chill size, shape, and their materials, and also with the variation of the pouring temperature. Three kinds of cross-sectional shapes of chills such as triangle, square, and L-shape were chosen, and graphite, cast iron, and copper for their materials. It has been shown by the computation that the hot spot at the junction of L-shaped castings can not be removed by external chills, and that the distance between the inner corner and the hot spot on the line of symmetry, as well as the solidification time of castings depend only on VHC (Volumetric Heat Capacity).

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.391-394
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• 2008

Durability of product is an important technical parameter of a current interception device (CID) filter. This parameter is influenced by several factors, such as: environment condition, external force, shape of device, heat and so on. In this study, the effect of the geometry of the device on durability was carried out. The effect of shape on durability of device is presented by force-carrying capacity that a device can sustain a maximum external force. Studied parameters of the CID filter's geometry include clearance, thickness, and corner radius. Fracture criterion of Cockcroft and Latham was also used to predict the maximum force-carrying capacity of device.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.432-439
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• 2015

Current building procedures seek to minimize external air supplies to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning, resulting in a high dependency on mechanical ventilation. We therefore studied an economizer-cycle system, whereby the introduction of external air saves energy. We analyzed different economizer-control methods, addressing mixed-air temperatures and outdoor-air fractions according to outdoor-air temperatures; also, we analyzed the energy consumption of the three economizer-cycle control types using detailed EnergyPlus simulation modeling. A differential enthalpy control method showed a lower energy consumption range from 5.8% to 6.2% than that of other methods during the simulated period. A differential dry-bulb control method showed a 12.7% lower energy consumption than the no-economizer method in the intermediate period, but also showed 7.1% more energy consumption during the summer period. When latent heat was not removed due to high summer humidity, we found a significant level of resultant energy consumption.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.720-722
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• 2009

This work is mainly focused at developing the hydrogen production unit with the capacity of 20 $Nm^3/h$ of high purity hydrogen. At present steam reforming of natural gas is the preferable method to produce hydrogen at the point of production cost. The developed hydrogen production unit composed of natural gas reformer and pressure swing adsorption system. To improve the thermal efficiency of steam reforming reactor, the internal heat recuperating structure was adopted. The heat contained in reformed gas which comes out of the catalytic beds recovered by reaction feed stream. These features of design reduce the fuel consumption into burner and the heat duty of external heat exchangers, such as feed pre-heater and steam generator. The production rate of natural gas reformer was 41.7 $Nm^3/h$ as a dryreformate basis. The composition of PSA feed gas was $H_2$ 78.26%, $CO_2$ 18.49%, CO 1.43% and $CH_4$ 1.85%. The integrated production unit can produce 21.1 $Nm^3/h$ of high-purity hydrogen (99.997%). The hydrogen production efficiency of the developed unit was more than 58% as an LHV basis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.459-473
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• 2018

Temperature fields and temperature deformations induced by time-varying solar radiation, shadow, and heat exchange are of great importance for the ride safety and quality of the maglev system. Accurate evaluations of their effects on the dynamic performances are necessary to avoid unexpected loss of service performance. This paper presents a numerical approach to determine temperature effects on the maglev train/guideway interaction system. Heat flux density and heat transfer coefficient of different components of a 25 m simply supported concrete guideway on Shanghai High-speed Maglev Commercial Operation Line is calculated, and an appropriate section mesh is used to consider the time-varying shadow on guideway surfaces. Based on the heat-stress coupled technology, temperature distributions and deformation fields of the guideway are then computed via Finite Element method. Combining guideway irregularities and thermal deformations as the external excitations, a numerical maglev train/guideway interaction model is proposed to analyze the temperature effect. The responses comparison including and excluding temperature effect indicates that the temperature deformation plays an important role in amplifying the response of a running maglev, and the parameter analysis results suggest that climatic and environmental factors significantly affect the temperature effects on the coupled maglev system.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2015

Ohmic heating uses electric resistance heat which occurs equally and rapidly inside food when the electrical current is transmitted into. Prior to the study, we have researched the potato starch's thermal property changes during ohmic heating. Comparing with conventional heating, the gelatinization temperature and the range of potato starch treated by ohmic heating are increased and narrowed respectively. This result is appeared equally at wheat, corn and sweet potato starch. At this study, we treated potato, wheat, corn and sweet potato starch by ohmic/conventional method and observed change of external structure by microscope and internal structure by X-ray diffractometer. Conventional heated at $55^{\circ}C$ potato starch was not external structural changes. But ohmic heated potato starch is showed largely change. Some small size starch particle were broken or small particles are made of larger particle together or small particles caught up in the large particle. Changes in ohmic heated potato starch at $60^{\circ}C$ was greater. The inner matter came to an external particle burst inside and only the husk has been observed. The same change was observed in the rest of the starch. The change of internal structure of potato starch was measured using X-ray diffraction patterns. There was no significant difference between ohmic and conventional heating at $55^{\circ}C$. But almost every peak has disappeared ohmic at $60^{\circ}C$. Especially $5.4^{\circ}$ peak to represent the type B was completely gone. When viewed from the above results, external changes with change in the internal crystal structure of the starch particles were largely unknown to appear. In conclusion, during ohmic heating changes of starch due to the electric field with a change in temperature by the heating was found to have progressed at the same time.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2024

This paper proposes a fusion imaging-based coating-defect classification method for steel structures that uses zero-shot learning. In the proposed method, a halogen lamp generates heat energy on the coating surface of a steel structure, and the resulting heat responses are measured by an infrared (IR) camera, while photos of the coating surface are captured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The measured heat responses and visual images are then analyzed using zero-shot learning to classify the coating defects, and the estimated coating defects are visualized throughout the inspection surface of the steel structure. In contrast to older approaches to coating-defect classification that relied on visual inspection and were limited to surface defects, and older artificial neural network (ANN)-based methods that required large amounts of data for training and validation, the proposed method accurately classifies both internal and external defects and can classify coating defects for unobserved classes that are not included in the training. Additionally, the proposed model easily learns about additional classifying conditions, making it simple to add classes for problems of interest and field application. Based on the results of validation via field testing, the defect-type classification performance is improved 22.7% of accuracy by fusing visual and thermal imaging compared to using only a visual dataset. Furthermore, the classification accuracy of the proposed method on a test dataset with only trained classes is validated to be 100%. With word-embedding vectors for the labels of untrained classes, the classification accuracy of the proposed method is 86.4%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.410-423
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• 2000

A two-dimensional numerical model is developed and applied to the LAVA-EXV tests performed at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) to investigate the external cooling effect on the thermal margin to failure of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) during a severe accident. The computational program was written to predict the temperature profile of a two-dimensional spherical vessel segment accounting for the conjugate heat transfer mechanisms of conduction through the debris and the vessel, natural convection within the molten debris pool, and the possible ablation of the vessel wall in contact with the high temperature melt. Results of the sensitivity analysis and comparison with the LAVA-EXV test data indicated that the developed computational tool carries a high potential for simulating the thermal behavior of the RPV during a core melt relocation accident. It is concluded that the main factors affecting the RPV failure are the natural convection within the debris pool and the ablation of the metal vessel, The simplistic natural convection model adopted in the computational program partly made up for the absence of the mechanistic momentum consideration in this study. Uncertainties in the prediction will be reduced when the natural convection and ablation phenomena are more rigorously dealt with in the code, and if more accurate initial and time-dependent conditions are supplied from the test in terms of material composition and its associated thermophysical properties.