• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2002

Architectural space consists of the interior and the exterior. The layout and form of architectural space has a great variety of characters by region and culture. In other words, it can be understood which has a priority between the interior and the exterior in developing the layout and the form of architectural space. Belonging to the culture area of Chinese characters with Korea, Japan has maintained its own identity. It has an identity in the layout and form of architectural space as well. Therefore, the architecture and architectural theories of the two countries were compared and analyzed with priority given to the traditional architecture extending to the contemporary architecture, also the backgrounds of architecture and architectural theories of two countries were examined in this study. This study shows that each country has different characters in how to introduce nature, how to expand space and how to compose windows, including the view of nature and the cult of space. As a result, the space in Korean architecture has relatively the exterior-oriented character but in Japan architecture spatial character is interior-oriented. The interior-oriented character can be relevant to the word ‘reduction’ and the exterior-oriented character to ‘extension’ after all. Also it can be thought that each character has a great relation with climate and idea of people in power

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2019

This study focused on the possibility of reducing the cooling load through the change of micro climate in the outdoor space during summer season. This study proposes an efficient planning model by comparing the effects of urban heat island mitigation through wind path planning, outdoor space vegetation, and exterior material change by using the basic model of the street-oriented block housing proposed in the previous research by the same author. As a result, the most effective wind path planning strategy in the street-oriented block housing was the change of the air flow through the mass height adjustment. When the tall building masses were staggered and arranged in a balanced manner, the overall wind environment could be improved. The greater the height difference between low and high masses, the better the air flow was shown. It was also important to arrange the building masses so that the inlet of the main wind was open and to allow the external space to connect to the adjacent block to create a continuous flow. The change of outdoor space vegetation and flooring, and the formation of wind paths through the opening of lower part also showed the effect of heat island reduction. In addition, the change of PMV in summer was the biggest influence of shadow by tall building mass. Attention should be paid to the fact that high-albedo exterior materials are adversely affected by multiple reflections in dense street-oriented block housing. The use of albedo of the exterior material showed that it is necessary to pay attention to apply in the high density block housing. This is attributed to the rise of the temperature due to the absorption of energy into the low-albedo flooring, where the high-albedo exterior causes multiple reflections.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.101-109
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• 2005

As a circumstantial-existance character (the human character who takes action after grasping circumstances and fears things with reason) the Japanese were more interested in the active doctrines of Wang Yang-ming than other speculative studies. All of people were inhumanely incorporated into the rigorous class system under pressure in the samurai society. In the atmosphere of the society a natural phenomenon was understood as the ksana of change, and instead of the whole, the part was mainly described with emphasis on the reality. Therefore nature came near to the man after being reduced and then was symbolized in the Interior space. Also the classification of spaces, that is to say, the settlement of borders by the social position was shown in the great interior space like a labyrinth. As a self-existance character(the human style who carves out for and does not have a regard other's feeling), however, the Korean were much influenced by the Taoist Idea as they tried to be similar to nature in nature itself. Therefore the idea of Asaniskrota was in their origin. There was a tendency for space to be extended toward the outdoor in Korea, since the Korean people who are speculative and like to be natural tried to be close to nature. Therefore the division of spaces according to class and sexuality and the settlement of borders were already shown in outside by Che-Na-Num(Divided-Mass:Koren's own style). These are closely related with that houses were built after a village settle down in Korea while built before a village settle down in Japan. Architectural space consists of the interior and the exterior. The layout and (on of architectural space has a great variety of characters by region and culture. In other words, it can be understood which has a priority between the interior and the exterior in developing the layout and the form of architectural space. Belonging to the culture area of Chinese characters with Korea, Japan has maintained its own Identity. It has an identity in the layout and form of architectural space as well. Therefore, the architecture and architectural theories of the two countries were compared and analyzed with priority given to the traditional architecture, also the backgrounds of architecture and architectural theories of two countries were examined in this study. This study shows that each country has different characters in how to introduce nature, how to expand space and how to compose windows, including the view of nature and the cult of space. As a result, the space in Korean architecture has relatively the exterior-oriented character but in Japan architecture spatial character is interior-oriented. The interior-oriented character can be relevant to the word 'reduction' and the exterior-oriented character to 'extension' after all. Also it can be thought that each character has a great relation with climate and idea of people in power.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2017

In today's society, Monolithic expresses itself as a single featured work with a consistent exterior in the urban environment. In particular, such characteristics of the monolithic work have become increasingly influential in the modern society with the emergence of the minimalism. Monolithic architecture in modern has common feature which is maintaining simple construction format (Mass) with complicated and abundance space (Volume) inside. This simple architecture exterior leads new stimulus which is different from previous format and evokes unique sensibility and thoughts with monumental expressing. Uniformed exterior revealed thru purity of material builds up strong presence by itself. In contract with simple exterior, diverse space is expressed by consistent concept and process. Through this, it shows creating metaphorical space and space-oriented feature. We can interpret modern monolithic architecture as a sensation and alternative against Gestalt architecture in consequence of chasing clarity, visual stimulus and uncertain tendency only. It provides architectural experience by spatial imaginary and unexpected space development to users through exclusivetendency against outside and stressing un-private, we can evaluate its value as a space-oriented construction which helped us to think about space meaning in modern society.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.269-279
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• 2012

According to a progress in the quality of life and economy, recent years have seen an increase in interest in the cruise travel. However, it is important to provide them the optimum embarkation environment since there are to be many and unspecified persons staying for a long period on the cruise ship. In the architectural design field, a wide range of efforts are being recently made to meet customer's requirements by considering the rapidly changing society, environment, and economic trend. The most representative one of such efforts is the inclusive design concept. This concept means to perform design satisfying all the function, convenience, aesthetic appreciation, and utility, regardless of sex, age, ability, nationality, cultural background or any kinds of disabilities. Regarding this trend, the convenience-oriented design of a cruise ship using the inclusive design concept was performed in this study. To do this, the composition of cabins and swimming pools, and the exterior of the cruise ship were classified into several groups through literature survey. Then, in the point of view of the inclusive design concept, inconvenience matters of passengers about the cabins, swimming pools, and exterior were also extracted from literature survey. Next, basis designs for them were selected among the classified groups in order to solve such inconvenience matters. Finally, the convenience-oriented design of the Emerald Princess Cruise considering the inclusive design concept was performed by applying the basis designs. As a result, we can see that the inclusive design concept can be applied to cruise ship design.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.367-381
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• 2011

It is important to concern about individual difference on every subject and every class. How can we know the individual difference? It is helpful for that to find out students' math learning style and learning type. In this paper, I conducted a survey to look for math learning style and math learning type of 4th, 5th and 6th grade students, and analyzed those data. The research findings are summarized as follows; First, 4th, 5th and 6th grade students prefer the visual learning style to the verbal style, and they have more wholistic tendency than analytical tendency in the domain of the cognitive learning style. Second, they prefer the authoritative and goal-oriented learning style to the practical and recreational learning style, and they have more interior-oriented than exterior-oriented in the domain of affective learning style. Third, the representative math learning type of 4th, 5th and 6th grade students is visual/holistic/authoritative and goal-oriented/interior-oriented. The math learning styles of students have a lot of influence on their learning, so that an appropriate teaching method for each student could arouse a maximum effect in the math study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.137-138
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• 2019

To overcome the limitation in relation to thermal insulator's selection and installation method that is suitable for exterior insulation and waterproof construction methods, a production basis of thermal insulators of which manufacturing knowhow is held by companies was ensured and future-oriented construction methods to adopt new materials were applied. Performance verification was conducted through performance and mock-up tests of thermal transmittance on the cross sections where the flexible insulators were applied based on the improved prototype and performance data were obtained. To overcome the biggest drawbacks (walking feeling and damage etc.) in the exterior insulation and waterproof construction method, inserting a protective layer between thermal insulator and water-proof layer was proposed, and polypropylene corrugated cardboards.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.277-281
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• 2019

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of adhesive types on dimensional stability of bamboo-oriented particleboard. The materials used in this research are bamboo tali(Gigantochloa apus J.A & J.H. Schult. Kurz), UF/MDI(8, 10, 12 % level), and MF, MDI, and PF at 7 % level. Particle and adhesive are mixed using a blending machine; then, mat forming and hot pressing processes are performed using adhesive-suitable temperature and time references. MDI resin is set at $160^{\circ}C$ temperature for 5 minutes. PF resin and MF resin are pressed at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, and $140^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, respectively, while UF/MDI sets at temperature of $140^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes. The results show that particleboard using PF resin produces the lowest thickness swelling value. The particleboard using UF/MDI resin also produces good response for thickness swelling value. Interesting things happen in that UF/MDI adhesive produces a thickness swelling value better than that of MDI resin. FTIR analysis on particleboard bonded by UF/MDI resin combination shows the presence of carbonyl group C=O vibration on multi substitution of urea at wave number of around $1,700cm^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.363-381
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• 2013

The constituents of math learning styles are information recognition and information processing in the cognitive domain and attitudes toward math learning and environments of math learning in the affective domain. Each of the constituents has two opposing styles; there are the visual style and verbal style in information recognition; and there are the whole style and analytical style in information processing. And as for attitudes toward math learning, there are two styles which are the authoritative and goal-oriented style and the practical and entertaining style. Also as for attitudes toward environments of math learning, there are two styles which are the interior-oriented style and exterior-oriented style. There can be classified into 16 types of mathematics learning by the combination of a total of 8 styles of mathematics learning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the preference of the students from three middle schools located in Daegu Metropolitan City to the styles and types of mathematics learning.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2014

Environmental issues about indoor air quality have been increased and focused on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) caused cancer, asthma, and skin disease. Reducing VOCs has been attempted in many different methods such as using environmentally friendly materials and air cleaner or purifier. Charcoal is well known material for absorbing VOCs. Therefore, carbonized board from medium density fiberboard has been developed. We assumed that the source of carbonized boards can be any type of wood-based panels. In this study, carbonized boards were manufactured from oriented strand board (OSB) at 400, 600, 800, and $1000^{\circ}C$. Each carbonized OSB (c-OSB) was evaluated and determined physiomechanical characteristics such as exterior defects, dimensional shrinkage, modulus of elasticity, and bending strength. No external defects were observed on c-OSBs at all carbonizing conditions. As carbonizing temperature increased, less porosity between carbonized wood fibers was observed by SEM analysis. The higher rate of dimensional shrinkage was observed on c-OSB at $1000^{\circ}C$ (66%) than c-OSB at 400, 600, and $800^{\circ}C$ (47%, 58%, and 63%, respectively). The densities of c-OSBs were lower than original OSB, but there was no significant different among the c-OSBs. The bending strength of c-OSB increased 1.58 MPa (c-OSB at $400^{\circ}C$) to 8.03 MPa (c-OSB at $1000^{\circ}C$) as carbonization temperature increased. Carbonization temperature above $800^{\circ}C$ yielded higher bonding strength than that of gypsum board (4.6 MPa). In conclusion, c-OSB may be used in sealing and wall for decorating purpose without additional artwork compare to c-MDF which has smooth surface.