• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1998

This study was done to compare the results of the one-incision technique and the conventional two incision technique for the arthroscopic treatment of the posterior cruciate ligament injury. Fifty-five patients with the posterior cruciate ligament injury underwent the arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone(BTB) graft. Patients with combined ligament injuries requiring concomitant operative treatment were excluded in this study. The conventional two-incision technique was performed in ten patients(Group I) and the one-incision technique in forty-five patients(Group II). The average duration of follow-up was 45 months in Group I(range, 40 to 50 months) and 36 months in Group II(range, 24 to 68 months). Auto BTB grafts were utilized for all patients in Group I. In Group II, 34 BTB autografts and 11 BTB allografts were utilized. The functional results were evaluated according to the Lysholm Knee Scoring scale and the Hospital for Special Surgery(HSS) knee ligament rating form. The postoperative posterior laxity was measured with a KT 1000 or 2000 arthrometer. Lysholm postoperative mean values were 90.0 in Group I and 90.6 in Group II. HSS mean values were 87.7 in Group I and 92.6 in Group II. HSS postoperative mean value showed better results in Group II(p=0.037). The average side-to-side difference of the posterior translation measured by the KT 2000 arthrometer were 2.10 mm(range, 1 to 4 mm) in Group I and 2.38 mm(range, 0 to 5 mm) in Group II. But there was no statistically significant difference. In Group II, the results of the autograft and allograft showed no significant difference. The arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using one-incision technique showed good results comparable to the conventional two-incision technique. This technique minimizes potential injury to the extensor mechanism, especially vastus medialis obliquus, and scar formation over the medial femoral condyle. The operation can be finished within one tourniquet time by using only one-incision.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.691-700
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• 2016

본 연구는 젊은 여성을 대상으로 필라테스 운동이 하지 근력과 밸런스에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 연구 목적을 두고 실시하였다. 20명의 젊은 여성들을 대상으로 통제군 10명, 필라테스 운동군 10명으로 2개 집단을 분류하여 실험 절차에 따라 진행하였다. 필라테스 운동군은 운동프로그램에 따라 주 3회의 빈도로 매 회 60분, 총 8주 동안 운동을 실시하였다. 통제군과 필라테스 운동군은 실험 전 후로 신체구성 측정과 하지 등속성 근력 측정, 신체 밸런스 측정을 하였다. 측정한 자료를 통계적으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 필라테스 운동 집단이 운동 실시 8주 후, 신체구성 변화에서 근육량이 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.01). 슬관절 근 기능 변화에서는 $60^{\circ}/sec$에서 오른쪽 신근 최대근력과 오른쪽 신근 총 일량이 5% 수준에서 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.05). 또한 $180^{\circ}/sec$에서는 왼쪽 굴근 최대근력이 5% 수준에서 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.05). 마지막으로 밸런스의 변화에서는 집단 내 비교에서 오른발 밸런스에서(p< .01), 공분산분석 결과에서는 양발과 오른발 밸런스 변화에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.05). 결론적으로 8주 동안의 필라테스 운동은 신체구성과 하지 등속성 근력과 밸런스에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was carried out to observe the foot gworeum meridian muscle from a viewpoint of human anatomy on the assumption that the meridian muscle system is basically matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system, and further to support the accurate application of acupuncture in clinical practice. Methods: Meridian points corresponding to the foot gworeum meridian muscle at the body surface were labeled with latex, being based on Korean standard acupuncture point locations. In order to expose components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, the cadaver was then dissected, being respectively divided into superficial, middle, and deep layers while entering more deeply. Results: Anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle in human are composed of muscles, fascia, ligament, nerves, etc. The anatomical components of the foot gworeum meridian muscle in cadaver are as follows: 1. Muscle: Dorsal pedis fascia, crural fascia, flexor digitorum (digit.) longus muscle (m.), soleus m., sartorius m., adductor longus m., and external abdominal oblique m. aponeurosis at the superficial layer, dorsal interosseous m. tendon (tend.), extensor (ext.) hallucis brevis m. tend., ext. hallucis longus m. tend., tibialis anterior m. tend., flexor digit. longus m., and internal abdominal oblique m. at the middle layer, and finally posterior tibialis m., gracilis m. tend., semitendinosus m. tend., semimembranosus m. tend., gastrocnemius m., adductor magnus m. tend., vastus medialis m., adductor brevis m., and intercostal m. at the deep layer. 2. Nerve: Dorsal digital branch (br.) of the deep peroneal nerve (n.), dorsal br. of the proper plantar digital n., medial br. of the deep peroneal n., saphenous n., infrapatellar br. of the saphenous n., cutaneous (cut.) br. of the obturator n., femoral br. of the genitofemoral n., anterior (ant.) cut. br. of the femoral n., ant. cut. br. of the iliohypogastric n., lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the superficial layer, saphenous n., ant. division of the obturator n., post. division of the obturator n., obturator n., ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the middle layer, and finally tibialis n. and articular br. of tibial n. at the deep layer. Conclusion: The meridian muscle system seemed to be closely matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system. This study shows comparative differences from established studies on anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, and also from the methodical aspect of the analytic process. In addition, the human foot gworeum meridian muscle is composed of the proper muscles, and also may include the relevant nerves, but it is as questionable as ever, and we can guess that there are somewhat conceptual differences between terms (that is, nerves which control muscles in the foot gworeum meridian muscle and those which pass nearby) in human anatomy.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present extended indications for the use of arterialized venous flaps in reconstructing soft tissue, tendon, nerve, blood vessel, and composite tissue defects of the hand of various sizes based on researches and clinical experiences of the authors. Moreover, procedures to achieve complete flap survival and postoperative results are presented. Materials & methods: This study is based on 154 cases of arterialized venous flaps performed to reconstruct the hand during the past 11 years. The most common cause of injury was industrial accidents with 125 cases. One hundred thirty patients or 84% of the cases had emergency operation within 2 weeks of the injury. The flaps were categorized depending on the size of the flap. Flaps smaller than $10\;cm^2$ were classified as small (n=48), those larger than $25\;cm^2$ classified large (n=42) and those in between medium (n=64). Classified according to composition, there were 88 cases (57.1 %) of venous skin flaps, 28 cases of innervated venous flaps, 15 cases of tendocutaneous venous flaps, which incorporated the palmaris longus tendon, for repair of extensor tendons of the fingers, and 17 cases of conduit venous flaps to repair arterial defect. There were 37 cases where multiple injuries to multiple digits were reconstructed. Moreover, there were 6 cases of composite tissue effects that involved soft tissue, blood vessels and tendons. The donor sites were ipsilateral forearm, wrist and thenar area, foot dorsum, and medial calf. The recipient sites were single digit, multiple digits, first web space, dorsum and palm of hand, and wrist. Results: There were seven cases (4.5%) of emergent re-exploration due to vascular crisis, and 3 cases of flap failure characterized by more than 50% necrosis of the flap. The survival rate was 98.1 % (151/154). In small flaps, an average of 1.01 afferent arteries and 1.05 efferent veins were microanastomosed, and in large flaps, an average of 1.88 afferent arteries and 2.19 efferent veins were anastomosed. In 8 cases where innervated flaps were used for reconstructing the palm of the hand, the average static two-point discrimination was $10\;(8{\sim}15)\;mm$. In 12 cases where tenocutaneous flaps were used, active range of motion at the proximal interphalangeal joint was 60 degrees, 20 degrees at the distal interphalangeal joint, and 75 degrees at the metacarpophalangeal joint. Conclusion: We conclude that the arterialized venous flap is a valuable and effective tool in the reconstruction of hand injuries, and could have a more comprehensive set of indications.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.27-47
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to analyze how to treat various symptoms through the combination of Yoelgyoel $(LU_7)$ and Johae $(KI_6)$, according to reviewing the contents and data since Ling Shu (靈樞經) to recent literatures including thirty-five medical books. Methods : It was arranged and considered that the location, needling, and symptoms of each acupoint were described in various literatures before the publication of Chim Kyung Ji Nam (鍼經指南). Through various literature since the Publication of Chim Kyung Ji Nam, it was examined how to be recognized and be referred about Yoelgyoel $(LU_7)$ and Johae $(KI_6)$. Results and Conclusions : The location of Yoelgyoel is the superior 1.5cun at wrist joint striation, medial of extensor carpi radialis longus; the location of Johae is the depression part under foot medial condyle. Yoelgyoel is often used for respiratory organ disease, urinary organ disease, neuopsychiatory disease, musculoskeletal system disease; Johae is often used for urinary organ disease, circulatory organ disease. At Chim Kyung Ji Nam, Yoelgyoel is often used for thoraco-abdominal Pain, gynecological disease, digestive organ disease; Johae is often used for abdominal pain, gynecological disease, digestive organ disease. Therefore, these points are used together for general internal disease. As well, these are not directly continuous with Previous literatures from Chim Kyung Ji Nam. The combination of Yoelgyoel and Johae have been developed to the three categories as follows; it is quoted from as it is; it is reconstructed in the form of song; it has new symptoms enlarged. Consequently, the combination of Yoelgyoel and Johae was not bind to the rule of Up-Bottom harmony (上下配合), but asserted for the rule of Ju-Eng harmony (主應配合), which add specific acupoints to e combination of Yolgyol and Chohae as the complication of the symptoms.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2000

중종근무력증 환자들에게 반복신경자극검사를 시행함에 있어서 하지의 근육들의 진단적 민감성을 파악해 보기 위하여 건강한 남녀 20명과 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 신경과에 중증근무력증의 특징적인 증상을 주소로 내훤한 grade 2이상의 환자 10례를 대상으로 안윤근, 소지외전근, 척측수근굴근과 하지의 내경골근, 단지선근, 내광근에서 반복신경자극검사를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 환자에서 반복신경자극검사에서 안면근육과 상지근육은 하지근육보다 민감도에서 높은 결과를 보여 주었고, 정상인과 중증근무력증 환자사이에서 안정기, 운동 직후, 운동 후 1분, 운동 후 3분에서의 감소성반응수치는 안면과 상지근육에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이 (P<0.01 or p<0.05)가 있었으나 하지근육에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다, 중증근무력증환자에서의 반복신경자극검사 결과 안윤근에서 20례, 척측수근굴근에서 14례, 소지외전근에서 12례에서 양성반응을 보였으며, 하지에서는 전경골근에서 4례, 단지선근에서 8례, 내광근에서 3례에서 양성반응이 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 중증근무력증이 의심되는 환자에게 반복신경자극검사를 시행할 경우에 안면과 상지근육에 정성소견이 보이면 하지근육에서 반복신경자극검사를 시행할 필요는 없는 것으로 생각되나, 빈도는 낮지만 하지근육애서도 양성반응을 보임에 따라서 추후에 좀 더 많은 환자에 대해서 하지근육의 반복신경자극검사를 시행해 볼 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of closed and open kinetic chain exercise for increasing knee joint function on the knee position sense in the normal adults. Thirty normal adults(male 15, female 15; mean age: $22.13{\pm}2.58$ years) were participated in this study into two groups, each with 15 people. The group I was trained that closed kinetic chain exercise on the knee joint and the group II was trained that open kinetic chain exercise on the knee joint. Exercise programs performed for 4 weeks, 3 times a week were using Shuttle 2000-1 closed kinetic chain exercise and Knee Extensor open kinetic chain exercise(HUR, Filand). The results of this study were as follows: 1) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $0-20^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 2) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $21-40^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 3) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $41-60^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 4) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $0-20^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 5) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $21-40^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 6) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $41-60^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that closed and open kinetic chain exercise has increased in the knee joint proprioception between before and after training. Especially, closed kinetic chain exercise could be more useful intervention than open kinetic chain exercise for increasing proprioceptive sense.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.245-254
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• 1995

The density of ATP-sensitive potassium($K_{APT}$) channels, that open as intracellular ATP concentration falls below a critical level, is very high in skeletal muscle surface membrane and those high density may imply that $K_{ATP}$ channels have very important physiological roles. To elucidate a role of $K_{ATP}$ in relation to fatigue, the modulating effects of potassium channel openers and blockers on the fatigue velocity(FV) of mouse extensor hallucis longus muscle(EHL) were investigated in vitro. Twitch contraction was induced by an electrical field stimulation (EFS: 24-48V, 20ms, 0.2-4Hz) and resulting contraction force was isometrically recorded. The twitch forces were gradually decreased to 25% of initial contraction force(ICF) in $37.52{\pm}1.55sec$($mean{\pm}s.e.m.$, n=135), indicating the fatigue phenomena. The mean velocity for development of the fatigue was measured during the period that twitch force decreased to half($FV_{0/0.5}$) and during the period from half to 25%($FV_{0.5/0.25}$) of ICF. The fatigue was induced once every one hour and the tissue response was stable for up to 4 hours. In control condition, ICF was $5.8{\pm}0.12g$ (n=144) and decreased to 50% of ICF with the mean fatigue velocity of $0.182{\pm}0.006g/sec$($FV_{0/0.5}$, n=135) and from 50% to 25% of ICF with $0.084{\pm}0.004g/sec$($FV_{0.5/0.25}$, n=135). Cromakalim($50{\mu}M$) significantly increased $FV_{0.5/0.25}$(n=4). Glibenclamide($IC_{50}>50{\mu}M$), $Ba^{2+}$($IC_{50}=10{\mu}M$), 4-aminopyridine($FV_{0/0.5}$, $IC_{50}=0.5mM$; $FV_{0.5/0.25}$, $IC_{50}=2mM$) decreased both $FV_{0/0.5}$ and $FV_{0.5/0.25}$ concentration-dependently up to 75%. $TEA^+$(30mM), E-4031($10{\mu}M$), tolbutamide(1mM) decreased $FV_{0.5/0.25}$, but apamin(300nM) and $TEA^+$(10mM) showed no significant effects. Our results suggest that activation of the $K_{ATP}$ channels may be major cause of $K^+$ outflux during development of the fatigue and the isolated EHL muscle could be an useful experimental preparation in studying the fatigue phenomena in skeletal muscle. In addition, the possibility of activation of delayed rectifier during the fatigue development remains to be studied further.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of landing height and knee joint muscle fatigue on the movement of the lower extremity during cutting after landing. Method : Subjects included 29 adults (age: $20.83{\pm}1.56years$, height: $172.42{\pm}9.51cm$, weight: $65.07{\pm}10.18kg$). The subjects were asked to stand on their dominant lower limb on jump stands that were 30 and 40 cm in height and jump from each stand to land with the dominant lower limb on a force plate making a side step cutting move at a $45^{\circ}$ angle with the non-dominant lower limb. The fatigue level at 30% of the knee extension peak torque using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results : The results showed that the difference of landing height increased maximum range of motion and angular velocity of hip, knee, and ankle joints in the sagittal plane, and in the angular velocity of motion of the hip joint in the sagittal plane. The maximum range of motion of the knee joint in the sagittal plane and the frontal plane decreased on landing from both heights after the fatigue exercise. The angular velocity of the hip joint in the sagittal plane, and the maximum range of motion of the hip joint in the transverse plane decreased for both landing heights after the fatigue exercise. The angular velocity of the hip joint in the frontal plane decreased for the 30 cm landing height after the fatigue exercise. On the other hand, the angular velocity and maximum range of motion of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane for both landing heights, and the angular velocity and maximum range of motion of the ankle joint in the frontal plane increased on landing from the 40 cm height after the fatigue exercise. Conclusion : Different landing heights of 30 and 40 cm and 30% fatigue of peak torque of knee extensor found a forefoot and stiff landing strategy, when cutting after landing. These results might be due to decline in the shock absorption capability of the knee joint and the movement capability related to cutting while increasing the contribution of the ankle joint, which may cause increased ankle joint injuries.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 1997

Prosthetic replacement is one of the most common methods of reconstruction after resection of malignant tumor around the knee. Gait analysis provides a relative objective data about the gait function of patients with prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the gait pattern of the patients who underwent limb salvage surgery with prosthesis for distal femur and that of patients with prosthesis for proximal tibia. This study included ten patients (4 males, 6 females, mean age 22.7 years, range 14-36) who underwent a wide resection and Kotz hinged modular reconstruction prosthesis replacement and six normal adult(Control). The site of bone tumor was the distal femur (Group 1) in six patients and proximal tibia (Group 2) in 4 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 15 to 82 months (mean : 33 months). The evaluation consisted of clinical assessment, radiographic assessment, gait analysis using VICON 370 Motion Analysis System. The gait analysis included the linear parameters such as, walking velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, swing time, single support and double support time and the three-dimensional kinematics (joint rotation angle, velocity of joint rotation) of ankle, knee, hip and pelvis in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. For the kinetic evaluation, the moment of force (unit: Nm/kg) and power (unit: Watt/kg) of ankle, knee and hip joint in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. In the linear parameters, cadence, velocity, step time and single support were decreased in both group 1 and group 2 compared with control. Double support decreased in group 2 compared with control significantly(p<.05). In contrast to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2. In Kinematics, we observed significant difference (p<.05) of decreased knee flexion in loading response (G2