• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.967-976
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• 2001

The purpose of the present study was to the investigate the effect of aging in men and women on muscle strength of knee extensor and flexors by using the cybex 6000 isokinetic dynamometer. A total of 100 volunteers participated in this study and were divided into five groups according to their chronological age as follows: 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 10 men and 10 women in each decade respectively. Isokinetic ($60^{\circ}{\cdot}s-l$) knee extensor and flexor peak torque, peak torque to body weight ratio, opposing muscles(flexor/extensor) peak torque ratio, deficit of peak torque between dominant and non-dominant were measured. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In men, While the aged increased. the peak torque of the knee flexor and extensor statistically sig nificant decreased in the dominant and non-dominant side. 2) In women, Statistically significant difference of knee extensor peak torque was found as the aged increased in the dominant and non-dominant side, but significant difference of knee flexor peak torque did not that. 3) In men, No significant difference in the peak torque of knee flexor to body weight ratio was found as the aged increased in the non-dominant side, but statistically significant difference in the peak torque of knee flexor to body weight weight ratio was found as the aged increased in the dominant side. 4) In women. No significant difference in the peak torque of knee flexor to body weight ratio was found as the aged increased in the dominant side, but statistically significant difference in the peak torque of knee flexor to body weight ratio was found as the aged increased in the non-dominant side. 5) In men and women, While the aged increased, statistically significant difference was found the dominant and non-dominant side in the peak torque of knee extensor to body weight ratio. 6) Peak torque of hamstring to quadriceps ratio of dominant and non-dominant side in men and women were not significantly different as the age increases. 7) Mean deficit of peak torque between dominant and non-dominant side in men and women were not significantly different as the age increases. From these results we conclude a proper exercise program is need before 50s decade to preserve in muscle strength of knee flexors and extensors.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.135-150
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• 1974

한국재내산양(韓國在來山羊) 11마리의 전지근(前肢筋)을 절개하여 관찰하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 한국재내산양(韓國在來山羊)의 전지(前肢)에서는 다음과 같은 근(筋)들을 관찰할 수 있었다. 승모근(僧帽筋) M. trapezus, 릉형근(菱形筋) M. rhomboideus, 완두근(腕頭筋) M. brachiocephalicus, 쇄골하근(鎖骨下筋) M. subclavius, 견갑횡구근(肩甲橫究筋) M. omotransv-ersarius, 란배근(瀾背筋) M. latissimus dorsi, 천흉근(淺胸筋) M. pectoralis guperficialis, 탐흉근(探胸筋) M. pectorlis profundus, 복거근(腹鋸筋) M. serratus ventralis, 삼각근(三角筋) M. deltoideus, 극하근(棘下筋) M. infraspinatus, 극상근(棘上筋) M. supraspinatus, 견갑하근(肩甲下筋) M. subscapularis, 대원근(大圓筋) M. teres major, 소원근(小圓筋) M. theres minor, 전완근막장근(前腕筋膜張筋) M. tensor fascia antebrachii, 삼두완근(三頭腕筋) M. triceps brachii, 주근 M. anconeus, 이두완근(二頭腕筋) M. biceps brachii, 상완근(上腕筋) M. brachialis, 조훼완근(鳥喙腕筋) M. coracobrachialis, 요완신근(橈腕伸筋) M. extensor carpi radialis, 고유제삼지신근(固有第三指伸筋) M. extensor digiti tertii proprius, 총지신근(總指伸筋) M. extensor digitorum cemmunis 고유제사지신근(固有第四指伸筋) M. extensor digiti quartii proprius, 척완신근(尺腕伸筋) M. extensor carpi ulnaris, 장모지외전근(長母指外轉筋) M. abductor pollicis longus, 척완굴근(尺腕屈筋) M. flexor carpi ulnaris, 요완굴근(橈腕屈筋) M. flexor carpi radialis, 원회내근(圓回內筋) M. pronator teres, 천지굴근(淺指屈筋) M. flexor digitorum suprficialis, 탐지굴근(探指屈筋) M. flexor digitorum profundus, 골간근(骨間筋) M. interosseus medius. 2. 천흉근(淺胸筋)과 심흉근(深胸筋)은 각각 전부(前部)와 후부(後部)로 명확히 분리(分離)되어있으며 특히 심흉근(深胸筋)의 전부(前部)와 후부(後部)는 서로 떨어져서 기시(起始)를 하고있어 그 사이에는 흉골(胸骨)이 노출되어 있었다. 3. 쇄골하근(鎖骨下筋)은 전예(全例)에서 관찰할 수 있었다. 4. 조탁흉근(鳥啄胸筋)은 소나 양에 비하여 매우 발달하였으며 특히 3예(例)에서는 더욱 발달하여 3개의 부분(部分)으로 되어있어 상완골 내측면 거의 전체를 덮고 있었다. 5. 주근, 소원근(小圓筋) 등 소동물(小動物)에서는 작은 근(筋)들이 매우 발달하였으나 장모지외전근(長母指外轉筋)은 엷고 작았다. 6. 반추류(反芻類)에서 가끔 볼 수 있는 M. extensor pollicis는 관찰할 수 없었다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.204-208
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the results of surgical reconstruction of lateral capsule-ligament complex with reinforcement by periosteal flap of distal fibula and inferior extensor retinaculum for chronic lateral ankle instability. Materials and Methods: From April 2003 to August 2006, 62 patients with chronic lateral ankle instability were operated. There were 38 males and 24 females with a mean age of 39.6 years (range, $18{\sim}61$ years). Mean follow-up period was 32 months (range, $10{\sim}48$ months). All patients were checked with preoperative ankle anteroposterior and lateral view, stress anterior drawer and varus test using Telos device. The clinical results were graded according to the VAS and AOFAS scale. Results: VAS score improved from preoperative 8.2 points to 3.1 points. There were 38 patients who were excellent (above 90 points), 18 who were good (between 76 and 90 points), 5 who were fair (between 60 and 75 points), and 1 who was poor (below 60 points) according to the AOFAS ankle and hindfoot scale. The excellent and good results amounted to 90.3%. Conclusion: Surgical reconstruction of lateral capsule-ligament complex with reinforcement by periosteal flap of distal fibula and inferior extensor retinaculum is believed to be a effective method for chronic lateral ankle instability.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to compare the differences on the activity and power of the wrist flexors and extensors in subjects before the use of a wrist extension splint, after nighttime wearing of the splint, and after daytime wearing of the splint. Ten healthy male and ten healthy female students (mean: $22.4{\pm}1.2$ years old) volunteered to wear custom-made wrist splints either during the night or during the day, The hand force of the wrist flexor and extensor, and grip force were measured by PowerTrack II and Dynatron, respectively. At the same time, the activities of the wrist flexor and extensor were recorded by' surface electromyography. The maximal hand force and motor unit recruitment of the flexor carpi ulnatis (FCU) increased significantly (p<.05) when tile subjects wore the wrist splints during the daytime, but the maximal hand power of the FCU decreased with nighttime use of the splints. The maximal hand power and motor unit recruitment of the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and the ECR/FCU ratio decreased both during nighttime and daytime use. The decrement of the ECR/FCU ratio was significant (p<.05). Wearing a wrist extension splint during nighttime led to the maintenance of a lengthened position of the wrist flexor, resulting in the wrist flexor becoming weak. Wearing a wrist extension splint during the day induced the wrist flexors to be greater. In healthy people, the imbalance between the wrist flexors and extensors may be caused by the use of a wrist extension splint. This study indicates that therapists have to consider whether a splint will be effective, as well as the wearing time, when prescribing splints to people with problems of the musculoskeletal system.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.120-123
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• 2004

근위 경골부에 발생한 악성종양의 사지구제술은 화학요법의 발달로 인해 대표적인 치료 방법이 되었다. 다양한 술식의 보고에도 불구하고, 종양 절제 후 종양 대치물을 이용한 사지구제술에 있어 슬개건의 부착 부위가 상실되어 슬관절의 신전력을 재건 하기가 어려운 것이 공통적인 문제로 지적 되고있다. 본 연구는 경골 근위부의 종양을 절제한 후 저온열처리 한 다음 원위 대퇴골을 절제하여 저온열처리 자가경골 및 종양대치물과 결합하고, 슬개골을 자가경골과 결합된 원위 대퇴골에 고정하여 슬관절 신전력을 재건 한 2례를 보고하고자 한다.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.56-59
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• 2009

장무지 신전건의 폐쇄성 파열은 흔하지 않으며 드물게 보고되는 손상이다. 저자들은 연습 중 다른 선수의 정강이에 부딪힌 후 발생한 장무지 신전건 폐쇄성 파열에 대해 보고하려 한다. 환자는 6년 넘게 하루에 6시간 이상씩 연습을 해온 태권도 선수로서 발등의 반복적인 타격으로 인해 장무지 신전건의 퇴행성 변화가 일어났던 것으로 추정된다. 수술시에 손상된 건의 양끝은 끌어당겨 봉합할 수 없는 상태였기 때문에 재건술을 시행하였다. 잘려진 건의 원위부를 종축을 따라 반으로 나누어 절반은 파열부 사이의 반흔조직을 이용하여 근위부의 건과 연결하였으며, 나머지 절반은 건고정술(tenodesis)로 단무지 신전건에 부착시켰다. 환자는 수술 후 6 개월에 만족스러운 관절운동범위를 보였고, 수술 전 수준의 운동에 복귀할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study Is to evaluate the effect of acupuncture treatment on the lunbar extensor muscle flexibility of normal people by comparing ICT(interferential current therapy) group. Methods : This study was carried out on 30 subjects employed using 15 qestionaires and radiography. Subjects were divided into two groups including acupuncture treatment group and ICT treatment group. In the control group, subjects were taken ICT treatment for 15 minutes and in the test group were needled at BL23, BL24, BL25, BL4O, BL52 and BL60 for 15 minutes. Then subjects did the sit and reach test and the standing and reach test, right after treatment and after 10minutes. Results : 1. Compared to the before -treatment result of the sit and reach test and standing and reach test, the after-treatment result showed the improved flexibility. 2. The result gained from the test group is slightly larger than that of the control group. Conclusion : We brought to the conclusion that acupuncture treatment has possibility to increase flexibility of lumbar extensor muscle.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to analyze the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern on muscular strength and flexibility in an aquatic environment. Methods: Ten members of the experimental group and 10 members of the control group were randomly selected from 20 college students who are in their 20s. Bilateral symmetry pattern among proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity patterns was applied in an aquatic environment in the experimental group three times per week for a period of six weeks, and a set consisted of 10 times, which was repeated 10 times. On the other hand, subjects in the control group did not receive any treatment while maintaining daily life. Muscular strength was measured using a dynamometer and electromyogram system for maximum voluntary isometric contraction of hip flexor, hip extensor, knee flexor, and knee extensor. Cervical flexibility was measured using cervical range of motion instrument for cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion. Lumbar flexibility was measured using back range of motion instrument II for lumbar flexion. Results: For the experimental group, significance was observed for hip flexor, extensor, knee flexor, extensor, cervical flexion, rotation, lateral flexion, and lumbar flexion. For the control group, no significance was observed for any other variables except for cervical flexion. As a result of observation of difference between the two groups, relatively high significance was observed in the experimental group, compared with the control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern had a positive effect on muscular strength and flexibility in an aquatic environment.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2011

목적: 전완부 총 신근 건 기시부 생긴 석회화 건염 2예를 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 좌측 주관절 굴곡 구축과 통증을 주소로 내원한 42세 여자 환자로 단순 방사선 및 자기공명영상 촬영 후 전완부 총 신근 건 기시부의 석회화 건염 진단 하에 수술적 제거술을 시행하였다. 우측 주관절의 급성 통증 및 운동 제한을 주소로 내원한 25세 여자 환자로 단순 방사선 사진상 전완부 총 신근 건 기시부에 석회화 건염 보여 체외충격파 치료를 시행하였다. 결과: 2예 모두 치료 후 통증의 소실과 운동 범위의 완전 회복을 보였다. 결론: 주관절 외측부에 통증 및 운동 범위 제한을 유발하는 질환의 감별진단에 총 신근 건 기시부의 석회화 건염이 고려되어야 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2013

Purpose: This study evaluated the validity of measuring paravertebral muscle function with 3D-NEWTON (Hanmed, Korea) by assessing the correlation between Biodex (Biodex, USA) and surface electromyography (EMG). Methods: Nineteen healthy adults participated. The function of their paravertebral muscle was measured in three ways. Maximum endurance time was measured in seconds when 3D-NEWTON was inclined forward for assessing extensor function, and inclined backward for assessing flexor function. Using surface EMG, maximum muscle activity was obtained from the eractor spinae and rectus abdominis during the 3D-NEWTON measurement. Maximum muscle activity was the mean activity from 10 seconds when the root mean squared firing data was highest. Through Biodex the peak torques of the extensor and flexor were measured during isometric exercises. The Spearman correlation coefficiencts from 3D-NEWTON, surface EMG, and Biodex were calculated. Results: The data from surface EMG and Biodex were statistically correlated when measured for flexor function, but less so for extensor function. In the case of 3D-NEWTON, the correlation coefficient with Biodex was 0.50 (p=0.05), while the coefficient with surface EMG was 0.53 (p=0.02) when measured for extensor function. Similarly, the correlation coefficienct with Biodex was 0.60 (p=0.01), while the surface EMG was 0.51 (p=0.03) for flexor function. Conclusion: 3D-NEWTON was a useful method for measuring paravertebral muscle function and can give helpful information for treating people with diseases associated with the lumbar spine.