• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2020

Korean fir (Abies koreana) is an evergreen coniferous tree species that is unique to South Korea. A. koreana is found in a limited sub-alpine habitat and is considered particularly vulnerable to climate change. Identification of populations vulnerable to climate change is an important component of conservation programs. In this study, a heat stress-induced transcriptome RNA-seq dataset was used to identify a subset of six genes for assessment as candidate marker genes for ecologically vulnerable populations. Samples of A. koreana were isolated from ecologically stable and vulnerable regions of the Halla and Jiri mountains, and the expression levels of the six candidate markers were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. All six of the candidate genes exhibited higher expression levels in samples from vulnerable regions compared with stable regions. These results confirm that the six high temperature-induced genes can be used as diagnostic markers for the identification of populations of A. koreana that are experiencing stress due to the effects of climate change.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Differentially expressed genes by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were identified in order to evaluate them as dioxin-sensitive markers and crucial signaling molecules to understand dioxin-induced toxic mechanisms in human bronchial cells. Gene expression profiling was analyzed by cDNA microarray and ten genes were selected for further study. They were cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1), S100 calcium binding protein A8 (calgranulin A), S100 calcium binding protein A9 (calgranulin B), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3 (ALDH6) and peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) in up-regulated group. Among them, CYP1B1 was used as a hallmark for dioxin and sharply increased by TCDD exposure. Down-regulated genes were IK cytokine, interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT1), nuclease sensitive element binding protein 1 (NSEP1), protein tyrosine phosphatase type VI A, member 1 (PTP4A1), ras oncogene family 32 (RAB32). Although up-regulated 4 genes in microarray were coincided with northern hybridization, down-regulated 5 genes showed U-shaped expression pattern which is sharply decreased at lower doses and gradually increased at higher doses. These results introduce some of TCDD-responsive genes can be sensitive markers against TCDD exposure and used as signaling cues to understand toxicity initiated by TCDD inhalation in pulmonary tissues.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2017

본 연구는 소포체스트레스(endoplasmic reticulum stress)에 의해 유발되는 지방간(hepatic steatosis)에 대한 오미자추출물(Schisandra chinensis)의 주요성분인 gomisin A의 지방간 보호 효능에 대하여 연구하였다. 이를 위해 HepG2 세포에 소포체스트레스 유도물질인 tunicamycin 또는 palmitate을 처리하여 세포에서의 지방간 모델을 만들어 실험을 진행 하였으며, 소포체스트레스 표지자(marker)인 GRP78, CHOP, XBP-1의 발현을 측정하였다. Tunicamycin 처리한 세포에서는 GRP78, CHOP, XBP-1의 발현이 증가되었으나, gomisin A를 처리 한 세포에서는 이들의 발현 증가가 억제됨을 확인하였다. 이는 palmitate를 처리한 HepG2 세포에서도 palmitate에 의해 증가하는 소포체스트레스 표지자들이 gomisin A을 처리한 세포에서 발현이 감소함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과에 의해, gomisin A는 소포체스트레스를 억제함을 알 수 있었다. 다음으로 gomisin A가 in vivo에서 소포체스트레스 및 지방간에 대한 보호효과가 있는지 확인하기 위해, tunicamycin과 고지방(high fat diet)으로 식이 한 쥐에서 소포체스트레스와 지방간의 보호효능에 대해 실험을 진행하였다. Tunicamycin과 고지방식이을 한 쥐의 간에서 중성지방이 증가하였으나, gomisin A를 처리한 쥐의 간에서 중성지방의 수준이 유의적으로 감소함을 확인하였다. 소포체스트레스 표지자들 역시 tunicamycin이나 고지방식이을 한 쥐에서 증가되나 gomisin A를 처리한 쥐에서 감소됨을 확인하였다. Gomisin A의 염증 반응에서의 조절기능을 확인하기 위하여 $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 그리고 MCP1과 같은 염증관련 유전자들의 발현을 분석한 결과, tunicamycin이나 고지방식이을 한 쥐에서 염증유전자들의 발현이 증가하였으나 gomisin A를 처리한 쥐에서는 유의적으로 감소하였다. 종합적으로 본 연구 결과에 의하면, gomsin A는 소포체스트레스를 억제하여 지방간의 생성을 저해함을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3675-3680
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate the expression of endogenous hypoxia-related markers identified as being involved in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). Methods: We performed immunohistochemical staining of hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on tissue sections of 25 VSCC patients, 10 vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) patients and 12 healthy controls. Results: HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression was found in all sections, with no significant difference between controls, VIN and VSCC sections (all P<0.05). Glut-1 expression was found in 25% of control, 90% of VIN and 100% of VSCC sections. A significant difference between control and VIN or VSCC was observed (all P<0.05), while no difference was found between VIN and VSCC sections (P>0.05). CA-9 expression was negative in control sections, but it was found in 30% of VIN sections and 52% of VSCC sections with strong staining. Similarly, CA-9 expression also showed obvious differences between controls and VIN or VSCC sections (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between VIN and VSCC (P>0.05). There were only 25% of control sections with weak VEGF expression, while strong staining was found in about 60% of VIN sections and 25% of VSCC sections (all P<0.05). In addition, a difference was also found between VIN and VSCC sections (P<0.05). Conclusion: Expression of endogenous hypoxia markers (HIF-$1{\alpha}$, GLUT-1, CA-9 and VEGF) might be involved in the malignant progression of VSCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4177-4183
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• 2015

Background: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Asia, and the majority type is gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Most GAC patients die of recurrence and metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been thought to be responsible for the initiation, development, metastasis, and ultimately recurrence of cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate expression and clinical significance of CSCs markers, CD133 and Lgr5, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in primary GAC. Materials and Methods: Specimens from 261 Chinese patients with follow-up were analyzed for CD133, Lgr5 protein expression and VM by immunohistochemical and histochemical staining. The Pearson Chi's square test was used to assess the associations among the positive staining of these markers and clinicopathological characteristics. Postoperative overall survival time was were studied by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: In GAC tissues, positive rates of 49.0%, 38.7%, and 26.8% were obtained for CD133, Lgr5, and VM, respectively. The mean score of microvessel density (MVD) was $21.7{\pm}11.1$ in GAC tissues. There was a significantly difference between the positive and negative groups. There was a positive relationship between the VM, the expression of CD133 and Lgr5, and the score of MVD and the grades of tumor, lymph node metastasis, TNM stages (all p<0.05). The overall mean survival time of the patients with CD133, Lgr5, VM, and MVD (${\geq}22$) positive expression was lower than that of patients with negative expression. The score of MVD, positive expression of CD133 and VM were independent prognostic factors of GAC (p<0.05). Conclusions: VM, and expression of CD133, Lgr5, and the score of MVD are related to grades of tumor, lymph node metastasis, TNM stages, and overall mean survival time. It is suggested that CSCs and VM could play an important role in the evolution of GAC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1243-1249
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• 2016

Background: Expression of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1) and Ki-67 (MIB1) was evaluated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to test whether levels of these markers at invasive tumour fronts (ITFs) could predict the development of local recurrence. Materials and Methods: Archived paraffin-embedded specimens from 51 patients with T1/T2 tumours were stained immunohistochemically and analysed quantitatively. Local recurrence-free survival was tested with Kaplan-Meier survival plots (log-rank test) using median values to define low and high expression groups and with a Cox's proportional hazards model in which the expression scores were entered as continuous variables. Results: The assessment of expression of all markers was highly reliable, univariate analysis showing that patients with clear surgical margins, with low cyclin D1 and high p21 expression at the ITF had the best local recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis showed that these three parameters were independent prognostic factors but that neither p53 nor MIB1 expression were of prognostic value. Conclusions: Assessment of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1), and Ki-67 (MIB1) at the ITF could help to predict local recurrence in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma cases.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제47권
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• pp.217-240
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• 2017

본고는 피동 표현에서의 한국어 행위주 표지 '-에게(한테)', '-에, -로'와 중국어 피동 표지 '피(被)[$b{\grave{e}}i$]/양(?)[$r{\grave{a}}ng$]/규(叫)[$ji{\grave{a}}o$]/급(?)[$g{\check{e}}i$]'를 연구 대상으로 삼아 그 분포양상 및 특징을 살피고 이들 형태를 비교 대조를 통하여 그 대응 관계를 면밀히 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 대조 분석 시 두 언어의 유형적 특징, 피동 표현에서의 행위주, 피동주에 대한 선택 제약, 그리고 '받다'류 피동 표현에서 행위주(피동) 표지의 사용 제약과 같은 3가지 측면에 중점을 두었다. 본 대조 분석을 통해 확인한바, 한 중 피동 표현에서 한국어 행위주 표지 '-에게(한테)', '-에, -로'와 중국어 피동 표지 '피(被)/양(?)/규(叫)/급(?)'는 각각 행위주와 결합하여 부사어 역할을 하고 있는 공통점에도 불구하고 용법에 있어 차이점을 보였다. 먼저 두 언어 유형적 특징에 따라 피동 표현에서 행위주와의 결합 방식이 각각 달리 나타남을 확인하였다. 그리고 한국어 행위주 표지는 오로지 조사 역할을 하여 '행위주 유정성 유무'에 대한 제약만 받는 반면, 중국어 피동 표지 '피(被)/양(?)/규(叫)/급(?)'는 각각 문법화 정도에 따라 행위주 유무뿐만 아니라 피동주 유정성 유무 그리고 문장에 나타나는 어휘의 의미에 따른 제약 등을 보인다. 특히 한국어 '받다'류 피동 표현에서 한국어의 행위주 표지 '에게(한테), -에, -로'는 그대로 사용되지만 대응하는 중국어에서는 피동 표지 사용에 여러 제약이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.440-447
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• 2003

Up until today, the key to contouring has been resumed in these two alternatives, either limiting the adipocyte storing capacity by modulating lipogenesis, or by stimulating lipolysis to eliminate adipocyte lipid content. Another interesting way could be the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. In this work, we have evaluated the effect of a brown algal extract of Sphacelaria scoparia (SSE) on the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes. A pre-adipocyte line (3T3-L 1) was used. The differentiation was evaluated by the measure of produced lipids thanks to red oil coloration and spectrophotometry, and also by the expression of adipocyte differentiation markers: enzymes such as fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), or membrane proteins such as glucose transporters (GLUT -4) and fatty acid transporters (FAT) expressed on the surface of human adipocytes. These genes are under control of two transcription factors: CAAT-enhancer binding protein (c/EBP alpha) and sterol response element binding protein (SREBP1). All these markers were analysed at different stages of differentiation by RT -PCR. Sphacelaria extract (SSE) inhibits pre-adipocytes differentiating into adipocytes following a dose-dependant relation, using a kinetics similar to retinoic acid. It decreases the expression of mRNA specific to FAS, FAT, GLUT -4, SCD1, c/EBP alpha and SREBP1. Moreover, SSE regulated on collagen 1 and collagen 4 expression. A stimulation of collagen 1 was also measured in human skin fibroblasts. Thus, SSE performs as a genuine differentiation inhibitor and not only as a lipogenesis inhibitor, and could be used in slimming products.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.804-809
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• 2019

Oncogenic gain-of-function mutations are clinical biomarkers for most targeted therapies, as well as represent direct targets for drug treatment. Although loss-of-function mutations involving the tumor suppressor gene, STK11 (LKB1) are important in lung cancer progression, STK11 is not the direct target for anticancer agents. We attempted to identify cancer transcriptome signatures associated with STK11 loss-of-function mutations. Several new sensitive and specific gene expression markers (ENO3, TTC39C, LGALS3, and MAML2) were identified using two orthogonal measures, i.e., fold change and odds ratio analyses of transcriptome data from cell lines and tissue samples. Among the markers identified, the ENO3 gene over-expression was found to be the direct consequence of STK11 loss-of-function. Furthermore, the knockdown of ENO3 expression exhibited selective anticancer effect in STK11 mutant cells compared with STK11 wild type (or recovered) cells. These findings suggest that ENO3-based targeted therapy might be promising for patients with lung cancer harboring STK11 mutations.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Techniques to evaluate gene expression profiling, such as sufficiently sensitive cDNA microarrays or real-time quantitative PCR, are efficient methods for monitoring human pluripotent stem cell (hESC/iPSC) cultures. However, most of these high-throughput tests have a limited use due to high cost, extended turn-around time, and the involvement of highly specialized technical expertise. Hence, there is an urgency of rapid, cost-effective, robust, yet sensitive method development for routine screening of hESCs/hiPSCs. A critical requirement in hESC/hiPSC cultures is to maintain a uniform undifferentiated state and to determine their differentiation capacity by showing the expression of gene markers representing all three germ layers, including ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. To quantify the modulation of gene expression in hESCs/hiPSC during their propagation, expansion, and differentiation via embryoid body (EB) formation, we developed a simple, rapid, inexpensive, and definitive multimarker, semiquantitative multiplex RT-PCR platform technology. Among the 9 gene primers tested, 5 were pluripotent markers comprising set 1, and 3 lineage-specific markers were combined as set 2, respectively. We found that these 2 sets were not only effective in determining the relative differentiation in hESCs/hiPSCs, but were easily reproducible. In this study, we used the hES/hiPS cell lines to standardize the technique. This multiplex RT-PCR assay is flexible and, by selecting appropriate reporter genes, can be designed for characterization of different hESC/hiPSC lines during routine maintenance and directed differentiation.