• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2003

To assist genetic study of the root development in Panax ginseng, which is one of the most important medicinal plant, expressed sequence tags (EST) analysis was carried out. We constructed a cDNA library using the 14-year ginseng root. Partial sequences were obtained from 2,975 clone. The ESTs could be clustered into 1,991 (70.2%) non-redundant groups. Similarity search of the non-redundant ESTs against public non-redundant databases of both protein and DNA indicated that 1,553 groups show similarity to genes of blown function. These ESTs clones were divided into sixteen categories depending upon gene function. The most abundant transcripts were ribonuclease 1 (67) and ribonuclease 2 (65). Our extensive EST analysis of genes expressed in 14-year ginseng root not only contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of genome expression patterns in root organ but also adds data to the reperoire of all genomic genes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1124-1131
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• 2016

In this study, the global proteome of the IPEC-J2 cell line was evaluated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole Q Exactive^™ Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Proteins were isolated from highly confluent IPEC-J2 cells in biological replicates and analyzed by label-free mass spectrometry prior to matching against a porcine genomic dataset. The results identified 1,517 proteins, accounting for 7.35% of all genes in the porcine genome. The highly abundant proteins detected, such as actin, annexin A2, and AHNAK nucleoprotein, are involved in structural integrity, signaling mechanisms, and cellular homeostasis. The high abundance of heat shock proteins indicated their significance in cellular defenses, barrier function, and gut homeostasis. Pathway analysis and annotation using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database resulted in a putative protein network map of the regulation of immunological responses and structural integrity in the cell line. The comprehensive proteome analysis of IPEC-J2 cells provides fundamental insights into overall protein expression and pathway dynamics that might be useful in cell adhesion studies and immunological applications.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.69-77
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• 2012

Relative density, used to express dynamics condition of sand quantitatively, is measured by RI Test, Standard Penetration Test and Cone Penetration Test. Each measurement method has demerits, which is complicated or needs a specific analysis instrument and an analysis of expert. Also the ground is in wet condition commonly because of an unsaturated zone between a saturated zone and a surface, so the behaviour of the ground has different engineering properties unlike the dry ground and it diminishes accuracy of measuring relative density. In this study, the correlation between relative density and penetration of fall cone test in dry condition and wet condition with variation of water content was analyzed and a simple measuring method for relative density was suggested. As a result, there were difference of penetration between dry sands and wet sands, the correlation between relative density and penetration showed linear expression and relative density could be measured by the linear relation.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 2019

Facial rigging technology has been developing more and more since the 21st century. Facial rigging of various methods is still attempted and a technique of capturing the geometry in real time recently also appears. Currently Modern CG is produced image which is hard to distinguish from actual photograph. However, this kind of technology still requires a lot of equipment and cost. The purpose of this study is to perform facial rigging using muscle simulation instead of using such equipment. Original muscle simulations were made primarily for use in the body of a creature. In this study, however, we use muscle simulations for facial rigging to create a more realistic creature-like effect. To do this, we used Ziva Dynamics' Ziva VFX muscle simulation software. We also develop a method to overcome the disadvantages of muscle simulation. Muscle simulation can not be applied in real time and it takes time to simulate. It also takes a long time to work because the complex muscles must be connected. Our study have solved this problem using blendshape and we want to show you how to apply our method to face rig.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.127-135
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• 2021

Since the introduction of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) as a high-throughput mRNA expression analysis tool, this procedure has been increasingly implemented to identify cell-level transcriptome changes in a myriad of model systems. However, early methods processed cell samples in bulk, and therefore the unique transcriptomic patterns of individual cells would be lost due to data averaging. Nonetheless, the recent and continuous development of new single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) toolkits has enabled researchers to compare transcriptomes at a single-cell resolution, thus facilitating the analysis of individual cellular features and a deeper understanding of cellular functions. Nonetheless, the rapid evolution of high throughput single-cell "omics" tools has created the need for effective hypothesis verification strategies. Particularly, this issue could be addressed by coupling cell engineering techniques with single-cell sequencing. This approach has been successfully employed to gain further insights into disease pathogenesis and the dynamics of differentiation trajectories. Therefore, this review will discuss the current status of cell engineering toolkits and their contributions to single-cell and genome-wide data collection and analyses.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.98-116
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• 2022

The small GTPase RhoA has been studied extensively for its role in actin dynamics. In this study, multiple bioinformatics tools were applied cooperatively to the microarray dataset GSE64714 to explore previously unidentified functions of RhoA. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed 545 differentially expressed genes in RhoA-null cells versus controls. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted with three gene set collections: (1) the hallmark, (2) the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and (3) the Gene Ontology Biological Process. GSEA results showed that RhoA is related strongly to diverse pathways: cell cycle/growth, DNA repair, metabolism, keratinization, response to fungus, and vesicular transport. These functions were verified by heatmap analysis, KEGG pathway diagramming, and direct acyclic graphing. The use of multiple gene set collections restricted the leakage of information extracted. However, gene sets from individual collections are heterogenous in gene element composition, number, and the contextual meaning embraced in names. Indeed, there was a limit to deriving functions with high accuracy and reliability simply from gene set names. The comparison of multiple gene set collections showed that although the gene sets had similar names, the gene elements were extremely heterogeneous. Thus, the type of collection chosen and the analytical context influence the interpretation of GSEA results. Nonetheless, the analyses of multiple collections made it possible to derive robust and consistent function identifications. This study confirmed several well-described roles of RhoA and revealed less explored functions, suggesting future research directions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

In structural engineering, the material properties of the structures such as elastic modulus, shear modulus, density, and size may not be deterministic and may vary at different locations. The dynamic response analysis of such structures may need to consider these properties as stochastic. This paper introduces a stochastic finite element method (SFEM) approach to analyze moving loads problems. Firstly, Karhunen-Loéve expansion (KLE) is applied for expressing the stochastic field of material properties. Then the mathematical expression of the random field is substituted into the finite element model to formulate the corresponding random matrix. Finally, the statistical moment of the dynamic response is calculated by the point estimation method (PEM). The accuracy and efficiency of the dynamic response obtained from the KLE-PEM are demonstrated by the example of a moving load passing through a simply supported Euler-Bernoulli beam, in which the material properties (including elastic modulus and density) are considered as random fields. The results from the KLE-PEM are compared with those from the Monte Carlo simulation. The results demonstrate that the proposed method of KLE-PEM has high accuracy and efficiency. By using the proposed SFEM, the random vertical deflection of a high-speed railway (HSR) bridge is analyzed by considering the random fields of material properties under the moving load of a train.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.42-59
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was done to establish the anatomical meaning of the term 'Geun(筋)'. Methods: Through analysis of 《HwangJeNaeGyeong(黃帝內經)》, the meaning of 'Geun(筋)', 'GeunMag(筋膜)', 'Yug(肉)', and 'Gi(肌)' were established. Based on analysis, the anatomical meaning of the 'Meridian-muscle(經筋)' was studied by comparing it with anatomy. Results & Conclusions: 'Gyeong(經)' is recognized as a metaphysical expression and "Geun(筋)" means myofascia in anatomy. The concept of 'Geun(筋)' includes the epimysium and perimysium, as well as tendons and ligaments, which are extensions of these. 'Fascia', refers to the fascia of the whole body, and also appertain to 'Geun(筋)'. 'Yug(肉)' means endomysium, muscle fiber, and adipose tissue and layer. The word 'GeunMag(筋膜)' used in the 《HwangJeNaeGyeong(黃帝內經)》 means anatomically a 'tendon'. Therefore, 'Muscle' should be translated as 'GeunYug(筋肉)' in Traditional medicine. 'Meridian-muscle(經筋)' can be defined as the longitudinal muscle and fascia system, which is the basis of whole body encompassing dynamics.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2023

Objectives & Methods: The entire ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ content was analyzed to find repetitive patterns, as well as to analyze commonly used terms. Through this, the guidelines for interpretation were presented. Results & Conclusions: ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ is not a question-and-answer format, but a simple enumerated narrative format. There is no part corresponding to the introduction, only the descriptions of 12 individual Meridian-muscle exist. Each Meridian-muscle is divided into 'Flow of Muscle Mechanics(流走)' part and 'Diseases' part, and 'Flow of Muscle Mechanics' of each Meridian-muscle can be divided into 'Main Flow' and 'Branch'. 'Main Flow' is the most central 'Flow' in each 'Meridian-muscle', and 'Branch' is the part where 'Main Flow' ends and the description of another 'Flow' begins. 'Branch' has different expressions according to the importance. The expression also varies depending on the dynamics. 'Meridian-muscle' should be interpreted based on this.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.5.1-5.14
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• 2018

Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a sirtuin family protein located in mitochondria, is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis; however, the role of SIRT3 in the process of IVDD has remained elusive. Here, we explored the expression of SIRT3 in IVDD in vivo and in vitro; we also explored the role of SIRT3 in senescence, apoptosis, and mitochondrial homeostasis under oxidative stress. We subsequently activated SIRT3 using honokiol to evaluate its therapeutic potential for IVDD. We assessed SIRT3 expression in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues and oxidative stress-induced nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). SIRT3 was knocked down by lentivirus and activated by honokiol to determine its role in oxidative stress-induced NPCs. The mechanism by which honokiol affected SIRT3 regulation was investigated in vitro, and the therapeutic potential of honokiol was assessed in vitro and in vivo. We found that the expression of SIRT3 decreased with IVDD, and SIRT3 knockdown reduced the tolerance of NPCs to oxidative stress. Honokiol ($10{\mu}M$) improved the viability of NPCs under oxidative stress and promoted their properties of anti-oxidation, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in a SIRT3-dependent manner. Furthermore, honokiol activated SIRT3 through the AMPK-PGC-$1{\alpha}$ signaling pathway. Moreover, honokiol treatment ameliorated IVDD in rats. Our study indicated that SIRT3 is involved in IVDD and showed the potential of the SIRT3 agonist honokiol for the treatment of IVDD.