• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2012

연구 목적: 이 연구는 Br${\aa}$nemark 임플란트의 후향적인 연구를 통해 machined 임플란트 의 15년, TiUnite$^{TM}$ 임플란트의 5년 누적 생존율을 구하여 비교하고, 위험 요소와의 상관관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 본 연구는 1993년부터 2008년까지 고려대 구로병원 임플란트클리닉에서 임플란트 치료를 받은 환자를 대상으로 하여, 환자의 임상기록을 토대로 조사하였고, 임플란트 일차수술 후 즉시 부하를 가한 경우와 임플란트 보철물이 다른 임플란트 시스템과 결합한 경우는 제외하였다. 15년 간 총 155명의 환자에게 541개의 Br${\aa}$nemark 임플란트 중, 264개의 machined 임플란트와 277개의 TiUnite$^{TM}$ 임플란트를 식립하였고, 임플란트 수술 및 보철수복 술식은 Adell 등이 제안한 방법에 따랐다. 6개월에서 1년 간격으로 Follow-up을 위한 재내원 기간 동안 임플란트에 대한 임상검사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 관찰 기간은 1차 수술일로부터 2008년 12월 이내의 최종 내원일까지였고, 임상검사시 동요도, 타진, screw loosening, 그리고 환자의 불편감 등을 관찰하고, Zarb와 Albreksson에 의한 임플란트 생존 범주를 근거로 누적생존률을 평가하였다. 임플란트 누적생존율(CSR)이 Kaplan Meier estimate를 이용하여 얻었으며, 각각의 위험요소가 누적생존율에 미치는 영향을 Cox proportional hazards regression을 이용하여 분석하였다(${\alpha}$=.05). 결과: 전체 Br${\aa}$nemark 임플란트의 15년 누적생존율은 86.07%이었고, machined 임플란트의 경우 15년 누적생존율은 82.89%, 5년 누적생존율은 89.21%였으나 Tiunite$^{TM}$ 임플란트의 5년 누적생존율은 98.74%로 machined surface가 Tiunite$^{TM}$ 임플란트에 비해 실패율이 4.6배 정도 더 높았다. 전신질환을 가진 환자의 경우 실패율이 32% 더 증가하였고, 상악동 거상술 또는 골이식을 동반한 수술 등 부가적인 수술을 받은 경우 임플란트 실패율이 40% 더 증가하여 위험 요소와 임플란트의 생존율은 상관 관계가 있었다. Kennedy 분류에 따른 부분 무치악부의 위치에 따라 임플란트 실패율이 통계적으로 유의하게 달랐으며, 소구치와 구치부가구치부가 전치부에 비해 임플란트 실패율이 높게 나타났다. 결론: Br${\aa}$nemark machined 임플란트와 TiUnite$^{TM}$ 임플란트는 모두 우수한 임상적 결과를 보였으나, TiUnite$^{TM}$ 임플란트가 더 성공적이었으며, 임플란트의 누적 생존율은 위험요소와 연관성이 있었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.314-323
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• 2006

This study was conducted to identify ingredients of thinners and to confirm reliability of material safety data sheets (MSDS) of thinners for public and workers' health. The 41 thinner products were collected from paint shops located in Busan and Gyeongnam province. The 12 thinner products among them were identified using product MSDS. GC-MSD was used to analyze 41 kinds of thinners qualitatively and quantitatively. The 12 products MSDS were compared with thinner's component through qualitative analysis to confirm MSDS. Chemical ingredients, such as Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene etc., of thinners were analysed in quantity. The 41 thinner products contained 17 disclosed specific, trade name, or generically described chemical solvent ingredients. These 17 ingredients came under 6 classes: alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, glycol ethers, ketones, and mixtures. These 17 ingredients were important in the view of industrial hygiene and had occupational exposure limit in the ambient, such as toluene, xylene, acetone, nonane, EGEE, heptane, cumene, MIBK, indene, tri-methyl benzene, etc, were found in 41 kinds of thinners. Aromatic hydrocarbons were the most identified ingredient in thinners. Especially, the benzene, which induces leukemia, was found in 4 kinds of thinners. The content rates of benzene in thinners were 0.25~1.18%. The benzene in enamel thinner, which were 0.39~0.72%, was highest from chemical classification. The contents of toluene, which was found from 27 kinds of thinners, were 5.35~64.16%, which were highest in sobu thinner as 58.80%. Xylene was found from 22 kinds of thinners and contents of xylene were 4.61~72.42%. Acrylic thinner's contents of xylene were 12.06~51.05%, which was most high. It was found that contents of benzene were increased and frequency of detection was decreased through comparison with other study. The MSDS possession rate of paint shops was low as 29.27%. So it did not provide information with public or workers. Mean of agreement rate between MSDS and components of thinners through qualitative analysis was 42.01% and it has wide range from 8.3% to 75%. There are many deficiencies in MSDS about component of thinners. In some case of sample, expecially, despite containing benzene, information was not written it on MSDS.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Purpose : this study purposed to investigate school nursing phenomena in Korea by applying ICNP, the international standard nursing classification system developed by ICN, and to compare school nursing phenomena at elementary, middle and high schools. Method : The subjects of this study are 110 nursing teachers from 82 elementary schools, 16 middle schools, and 12 high schools. In the survey, subjects were asked to score the degree to which phenomena and characteristics of Korean school nursing, identified in previous research, on a 5 point scale. Questionnaires were distributed and recovered by mail and email. The period of data collection was 6 months from July to December 2003. The general characteristics of schools and nursing teachers were represented with frequencies and percentages, the phenomena and characteristics of school nursing with the mean score of the questions, and the phenomena school nursing by school grade with ANOVA and Duncan's posterior analysis. Results : 1) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human behavior, the mean score of questions on inadequate stress management was highest at 3.24 points followed by the score on inadequate weight control (3.23), inadequate eating habits (3.22), the risk of spine disorders (2.68), inadequate emergency management (2.62), inadequate response to sex -related problems (2.19), and smoking and drug use (1.85). 2) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human function, the mean score of questions on oral health management was highest at 3.11 points followed by the score on the risk of digestive system disorder (2.87), improper eyesight management (2.81), the risk of respiratory system disorders (2.75), lack of sexual identity (2.52), and inadequate contagious disease control (2.12). 3) As for the mean score according to school nursing phenomena related to environment, the score of the risk of accidents in classroom was highest as 2.68 points followed by the score of the risk of accidents around the school (2.65), maladjustment to school (2.62), the risk of accidents outside the classroom (2.43), inadequate learning environment (1.83), the risk of exposure to socially and physically harmful environment factors (1.82), and inadequate waste disposal (1.77). 4) This study tested the mean scores of questions corresponding to each school nursing phenomenon in order to see if there is a difference in the school nursing phenomenon among elementary, middle and high schools, and performed Duncan's posterior comparison for school nursing phenomena. A significant difference was found at p<.1. According to the results, school nursing phenomena found to be significantly different among elementary, middle and high schools was smoking and drug use (p<.05), which appeared more problematic in high school than in elementary school. phenomena such as inadequate eating habits, inadequate weight control, inadequate response to sex-related problems and inadequate waste disposal were also found to be statistically different at p<.1; however, according to the result of Duncan's posterior comparison, no difference was found among groups in improper eating habits and improper response to sex-related problems, and a significant difference was found between middle and high schools in inadequate weight control and inadequate waste disposal. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to plan school health projects focused on the characteristic school nursing phenomena that had high scores and to develop and execute school healthe projects in accordance with the characteristics of elementary, middle and high schools. Considering that the scores of school nursing phenomena related to human behavior are high, it is necessary to introduce school health promotion projects in a systematic way.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2020

피부를 탄력있고 부드럽게 하는 역할은 각질층에 존재하는 수분량에 의해 좌우된다. 피부 수분량은 냉온풍, 건조환경 등 다양한 환경 변화에 의해 영향을 받음이 알려져 있으나, 개인 피부 차이에 따른 피부 수분량 변화와 회복 정도에 대해서는 많은 연구가 이루어 지지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 온풍 조건하에서 피시험자들의 피부 수분 탈락 및 회복 정도를 비교 평가하여 새로운 피부 타입을 제시하고, 온풍 조건에서 저하되는 피부 수분량을 개선 시켜주는 효능 물질을 개발하고자 하였다. 온풍 환경 조성을 위해, 건강한 피험자(남: 10 명, 여: 39 명, 25 세 - 63 세)의 전완부에 온풍(30 cm, 40 ℃, 6 m/s)을 30 min 간 피부에 노출시켜, 피부 수분량의 변화를 평가하였다. 26명(남: 4 명, 여: 22 명, 평균 연령: 42.7 ± 9.4)이 온풍 노출 전에 비하여 온풍 노출 후 수분량이 유의하게 감소하며, 노출 후 30 min이 지나도 회복이 되지 않았다. 온풍 노출 후 수분량이 떨어지는 피험자(여: 10 명)를 대상으로 보수력이 높은 크림을 3 주간 전완부에 적용한 이후 동일 온풍 조건하에서 피부 수분량을 측정한 결과, 노출 30 min 후 피부 수분량이 온풍 노출 전 수준으로 회복됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 피부는 건조 조건에서 쉽게 수분을 잃어버리는 피부(탈수형 피부)가 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 앞으로 화장품 개발을 보습 기능뿐만 아니라, 이러한 환경변화에 따른 피부 수분이 쉽게 빠져나가는 피부(탈수형 피부)의 특성에 맞는 제품의 효능 개발이 필요함을 보여준다.