• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.54-59
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• 2007

In order to establish detailed plans for fire protection and reduce the possible fire accidents in the future, a study on the shock wave caused by VCE(Vapor Cloud Explosion) is very important. Destruction phenomena of structure by gas explosion is due to the explosion pressure and heat. Explosion pressure is a kind of energy converted from the gas mixture explosion. Therefore, the propagation progress of shock wave and flame is very important. This study investigated the shock wave caused by VCE in enclosure with opened vent port. From a result, the vent port of top at the straight line of ignition and leak location was opened most rapidly, and the vertical vent port not opened.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.610-617
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• 2020

In process installations, chemicals operate at high temperature and high pressure. Propylene is used as a basic raw material for manufacturing synthetic materials in the petrochemical industry; However, it is a flammable substance and explosive in the gaseous state. Thus, caution is needed when handling propylene. To prevent explosions, an inert gas, carbon dioxide, was used and the changes in the extent of explosion due to changes in pressure and oxygen concentration at 25 ℃, 100 ℃, and 200 ℃ were measured. At constant temperature, the increase in explosive pressure and the rates of the explosive pressure were observed to rise as the pressure was augmented. Moreover, as the oxygen concentration decreased, the maximum explosive pressure decreased. At 25 ℃ and oxygen concentration of 21%, as the pressure increased from 1.0 barg to 2.5 bar, the gas deflagration index (K_g) increased significantly from 4.71 barg·m/s to 18.83 barg·m/s.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2023

Targeted introduction of explosion-resisting and energy-absorbing materials and optimization of explosion-resisting composite structural styles in underground engineering are the most important measures for modern engineering protection. They could also improve the survivability of underground engineering in wartime. In order to test explosion-resisting and energy-absorbing effects of high-performance equal-sized-aggregate (HPESA) concrete, the explosive loading tests were conducted on HPESA concrete composite plates by field simple explosion craters. Time-history curves of the explosion pressure at the interfaces were obtained under six conditions with different explosion ranges and different thicknesses of the HPESA concrete plate. Test results show that under the same explosion range, composite plate structures with different thicknesses of the HPESA concrete plate differ significantly in terms of the wave-absorbing ability. Under the three thicknesses in the tests, the wave-absorbing ability is enhanced with the growing thickness and the maximum pressure attenuation index reaches 83.4%. The energy attenuation coefficient of the HPESA concrete plate under different conditions was regressively fitted. The natural logarithm relations between the interlayer plate thickness and the energy attenuation coefficient under the two explosion ranges were attained.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2004

실린더형의 내용적 6리터의 용기를 이용하여 수소와 액화석유 가스(LPG)의 폭발 특성을 측정하였고 270리터의 직육면체 용기를 이용하여 폭발 후 화재로의 전이 현상을 실험하였다. 폭발 특성은 strain type 압력센서를 사용하여 측정하였으며 폭발 후 화재로의 전이 현상은 고속카메라로 촬영하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과 완전 연소 농도 비보다 약간 높은 농도에서 최대 폭발압력을 나타내었다. 폭발압력 상승 속도와 화염 전파속도는 연소속도와 비례함을 알 수 있었으며 이러한 폭발 특성들은 폭발 후 화재로의 전이에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 또한 폭발 화염온도, 화염의 용기 내 체류시간 등도 폭발 후 화재로의 전이에 중요한 변수가 됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.573-582
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 고폭탄과 같은 고위험 탄약에 대한 신뢰성 시험을 수행하는 기관에서 갖추어야 할 방호벽에 대해 유효 방호력을 평가하였다. 고폭탄이 인원에게 줄 수 있는 영향은 폭발압력에 의한 고막, 폐의 손상 등과 폭발과 동시에 발생한 파편에 의해 받을 수 있는 관통상이 있다. 따라서 COMP B가 충전되어있는 고폭탄을 기준으로, 피해 정도를 산정하기 위한 폭발방호 이론과 수치적 계산과 시뮬레이션을 통한 방호력 검증을 수행하였다. 수치적 계산 결과 시나리오로 설정된 방호벽과 폭발원점의 거리(7 m)에서 고폭탄 폭발 시 방호벽에 미치는 최대 폭발압력은 77.74 kPa이었으며, 50 mm 두께의 방호벽에 대한 파편의 관통력은 41.34 mm로 계산되었다. AUTODYN을 활용한 시뮬레이션 검증에서는 방호벽과 인원에게 영향을 주는 최대 폭발압력은 각각 58.68 kPa과 18.175 kPa이었으며, 파편의 관통력은 35.56 mm였다. 이 수치는 인간의 피해 한계보다 낮은 수치로 방호벽의 방호력은 유효할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.461-475
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• 2021

Strategic structures are a potential target of the growing terrorist attacks, so their performance under explosion hazard has been paid attention by researchers in the last years. In this regard, the aim of this study is to evaluate the blast-resistance performance of lead-rubber bearing (LRB) base isolation system based on a probabilistic framework while uncertainties related to the charge weight and standoff distance have been taken into account. A sensitivity analysis is first performed to show the effect of explosion uncertainty on the response of base-isolated buildings. The blast fragility curve is then developed for three base-isolated steel moment-resisting buildings with different heights of 4, 8 and 12 stories. The results of sensitivity analysis show that although LRB has the capability of reducing the peak response of buildings under explosion hazard, this control system may lead to increase in the peak response of buildings under some explosion scenarios. This shows the high importance of probabilistic-based assessment of isolated structures under explosion hazard. The blast fragility analysis shows effective performance of LRB in mitigating the probability of failure of buildings. Therefore, LRB can be introduced as effective control system for the protection of buildings from explosion hazard regarding uncertainty effect.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

본 논문은 휴대폰 배터리의 폭발 및 화재 위험성을 분석하기 위한 실험적 연구로서, 실험은 스마트폰 배터리로 사용되고 있는 리튬-이온 배터리를 대상으로 하여 사용상 부주의 또는 이상상태 등에서 폭발 및 화재가 발생될 가능성이 있는 과충전, 내부단락 및 외부단락 그리고 열충격에 의한 실험을 진행하였다. 리튬-이온 배터리는 과충전 및 외부단락 실험의 경우 보호회로가 정상적으로 작동될 때는 폭발 및 화재 위험성이 없었으나, 보호회로가 고장상태를 가정하였을 때 폭발 및 화재 위험성이 크게 나타났다. 내부단락 및 열충격 실험의 경우 충전상태에 따라 위험성에 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 완방전 상태에서는 폭발 및 화재 위험성이 낮았으나, 완충전 상태에서는 폭발 및 화재 위험성이 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 실험결과 휴대폰 배터리의 폭발 및 화재 위험성을 최소화하기 위해서는 보호회로 고장시 알람장치 및 배터리 케이스 강화 그리고 고온방지를 위한 냉각장치 등의 안전장치의 강화가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가스학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.173-178
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• 2003

• 한국위험물학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

The fire and explosion properties necessary for waste, safe storage, transport, process design and operation of handling flammable substances are lower explosion limits(LEL), upper explosion limits(UEL), flash point, AIT( minimum autoignition temperature or spontaneous ignition temperature), fire point etc., An accurate knowledge of the combustion properties is important in developing appropriate prevention and control measures fire and explosion protection in chemical plants. In order to know the accuracy of data in MSDSs(material safety data sheets), the flash point of phenol was measured by Setaflash, Pensky-Martens, Tag, and Cleveland testers. And the AIT of phenol was measured by ASTM 659E apparatus. The explosion limits of phenol was investigated in the reference data. The flash point of phenol by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented at $75^{\circ}C$ and $81^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of phenol by Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented at $82^{\circ}C$ and $89^{\circ}C$, respectively. The AIT of phenol was experimented at $589^{\circ}C$. The LEL and UEL calculated by using Setaflash lower and upper flash point value were calculated as 1.36vol% and 8.67vol%, respectively. By using the relationship between the spontaneous ignition temperature and the ignition delay time proposed, it is possible to predict the ignition delay time at different temperatures in the handling process of phenol.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

In the hazardous areas where explosive liquids, vapors and gases exist, electrical apparatus/equipment should have explosion-proof construction. The consuming of liquefied natural gas(LNG) has markedly increased in the industrial field, especially in aspect of some thermoprocessing equipment, boiler, dryer, furnace, annealer, kiln, regenerative thermal oxidizer(RTO) and so on. Because it has many merits, clean fuel, safety, no transportation/storage facility and so on. It is strongly recommend that the classification of hazards has to be decided to prevent and protect explosion which may occur in thermoprocessing equipment. In this paper, the operated thermoprocessing equipments in industrial area investigated and explosion risk assessment about LNG leakage from its facilities was performed through numerical calculation and computer simulation. Finally, we suggest the systemic/technical approach for safety assessments of thermoprocessing equipments consumed LNG fuel which are specially subjected to classification of hazardous area.