• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.170-175
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• 2022

일반적으로 대규모 언어 모델들은 다량의 데이터를 오랜시간 사전학습하면서 레이블을 예측하기 위한 성능을 높여왔다. 최근 언어 모델의 레이블 예측에 대한 정확도가 높아지면서, 언어 모델이 왜 해당 결정을 내렸는지 이해하기 위한 신뢰도 높은 Natural Language Explanation(NLE) 을 생성하는 것이 시간이 지남에 따라 주요 요소로 자리잡고 있다. 본 논문에서는 높은 레이블 정확도를 유지하면서 동시에 언어 모델의 예측에 대한 신뢰도 높은 explanation 을 생성하는 참신한 자연어 추론 시스템을 제시한 Natural-language Inference over Label-specific Explanations(NILE)[1] 을 소개하고 한국어 데이터셋을 이용해 NILE 과 NLE 를 활용하지 않는 일반적인 자연어 추론 태스크의 성능을 비교한다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.52-60
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• 2005

This paper attempted to investigate not only the correlativity of land price and residential environment elements but also the effect that the residential environment elements influence on the land price, focusing on the Suyoung-Gu and Haeundae-Gu which are representative residential and waterfront area in Pusan. For this purpose, regression analysis and correlation analysis as the residential environment elements in independent variable and the land price in dependent variable were carried out. First of all, from the correlation analysis between the land price and the residential environment elements, it become clear that the variables such as the land use, the distance to arterial road and, the distance to subway station have high correlativity with land price in all the research area. Then from the individual power of explanation and accumulative power of explanation of the each variable to the land price through the regression analysis, it was become clear that 7 variables which are the land use, the distance to trunk road, the distance to subway station etc. have 67% of the power of explanation to land price at the Suyoung-Gu, and 50.5% at the Haeundae-Gu. Moreover, researchers had an special interest in the correlativity between the distance to the coastal line and land price as well as the power of explanation of the distance to the coastal line for the land price. It means that researchers expected the variable of the distance to the coastal line have a strong correlativity and high power of explanation for land price. However, from the regression analysis and correlation analysis, it was become clear that the variable of the distance to the coastal line have a weak correlativity, and low power of explanation which is just form 6.4% to 7.6% in all the research area. In other words, it might be said that the variable of the distance to the coastal line is not so important one to presume the land price.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.653-665
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• 2020

As the use of recommended agents has become more active, the "Explain Facilities" is drawing attention as a way to solve the black-box problem that could not explain internal logic to users. This study wants to look at how the description Method and Detail affects to user experience. The Explanation method was divided into 'why the agent did a particular action' and 'why not do a particular action' and the detail condition were divided into 'high or low'. Studies have found that 'why method' have a positive effect on users' transparency, trust, satisfaction, and behavioral intention to use, and 'high detail condition' higher the user' Psychological reactance. In addition, it was found that the explanation methods and detail influenced the 'Explanation' perception through interaction and tended to affect satisfaction and intention to adopt recommendation. This study suggested that careful attention is needed to determine the method and detail of the Explanation facilities in the context of the recommended agent, based on the research findings that it affects the user experience through the interaction of the method and detail.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.151-169
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• 2007

The "Tai Su(太素)" which was published by Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) during the Tang(唐) dynasty does not follow complicating hand down procedures allowing it to be preserved in a relatively satisfactory state, and the book is evaluated as a major article in the study of the "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic(黃帝內經)" in the modern age. The book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" offers the detailed description of disease symptoms found in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)", and Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) provided relatively complete explanations from the perspective of the wane and wax of shadow and sunshine powers(陰陽消長). The present writing was projected to acknowledge the relationship between the books of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" and "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)" and substantially attempted to understand the original text of the "Tai Su(太素)" by adopting the perspectives of Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) in explaining the disease symptoms as he attempted in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)". Total 50 disease symptoms were explained in the book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)", and 33 of them are common to the symptoms described in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)" by taking up about 66% of the book. The monthly attachment(月別配屬) of three shadow and three sunshine power(三陰三陽), which is described in the book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" provides an important clue in understanding the exterior and interior(表裏) relationship, and the crucial perspective lies on the mutual intensity change of shadow and sunshine powers. Therefore, the monthly attachment of three shadow and three sunshine power provided by the present article helps to understand the meaning of the three shadow and three sunshine power along with the time attachment(時間配屬) described in the other chapter of the "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic(黃帝內經)". In the method of explaining pathogenesis, the explanation was made by understanding the perspective of mutual intensity change of shadow and sunshine powers, and exterior and interior relationship along with the channel Path(經脈流注) have been used simultaneously. In the comment of the main article, Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) stated the channels of hands and feet(手足經脈) as the scope of the three shadow and three sunshine power, but the symptoms and signs are mainly focused on the channels of feet as in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)".

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.177-225
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• 2011

Verdicts related to major medical litigation given by the Seoul Central District Court, the Seoul High Court and the Supreme Court in 2010 were analyzed. It's shown that in cases of the medical negligence regarding the occurrence of neonatal cerebral palsy, the plaintiff claims were dismissed using criteria proposed by associations of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics in US, and thereof the burden of plaintiffs to prove the medical negligence has increased. In addition, in case of that the expected survival period of infants gets longer, payments for treatment and nursing after survival period determined by judges are made and it was judged to compensate it as a periodical indemnity. In case for the explanation obligation the most frequently mentioned in the medical litigation, in addition to cases of invoking the existing theory of explanation obligation, verdicts to mention the instructions of theory regarding instruction explanation obligation and the possibility of compensation for damages on property are given. Particularly, in cases for a liability of reparation by exaggerating the effects and not disclosing the risks related to treatment with stem cells, even if the treatment not approved by Food and Drug Administration is in violation of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, it's not illegal as violation in Pharmaceutical Affairs Law itself. But there is a certain verdict to present the possibility of an extension of the theory of explanation obligation by acknowledging the liability of reparation caused by illegal acts with no explanations of effects and risks of treatment with stem cell by doctors and pharmaceutical companies. In an incident in which a mental patient fell and died through the opened door of the roof at the hospital, a liability of reparation was acknowledged due to defects in structure installation management and this verdict drew an attention since the overall management responsibility about patients including structures was acknowledged to the hospital besides the obligations on medical practice. In case of the verdict without giving the opportunity to state the opinion with respect to the main legal issues, the responsibility of the court was emphasized since the court did not fulfill the explanation obligations. There were some cases in which payments for nursing and caring to a patient in vegetative state during the plastic surgery was admitted. However, in dental-related incidents, the proportion of cases in which plaintiff won was low since the difficulty of proving may be reflected. In the area of administrative litigation, unlike the existing position regarding arbitrary medical charge cover collected from patients in hospital, the verdict to admit the legitimacy of collection of medical treatment was given and attracted the attention of people. Verdict in which the expression related to medical advertisement was not exaggerated disposed the original verdict and pointed out the problem of excessive regulations on medical advertisement. The effort to analyze the trend of verdicts of court through reviewing the decisions and to organize should be continued, but the full decision should be disclosed as a base, and people and systems to enable the all time monitoring should be prepared.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2015

This study was conducted with examinees who chose upper gastrointestinography (UGI) among those who visited the hospital for health examination in order to improve the visitors' satisfaction with services. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the examinees, and 147 examinees who visited the hospital during the two months from May 2014 participated in the survey as the subjects of pre education examination while 164 examinees who visited during the months from July 2014 participated as the subjects of post education examination. The pre education subjects were surveyed about anxiety, need of explanation, method of explanation, satisfaction with UGI, etc., and a video was prepared based on the results and provided to the post education subjects and then they were surveyed about change in anxiety, satisfaction with the explanation in the video, helpfulness of the video, intention to watch the video again, etc. In the pre education survey, the average value of anxiety was 2.62, and the need of explanation was 2.52, In addition, 78.2% of the subjects chose guide video as a method of explanation, and satisfaction with UGI was 1.55. In the post education survey, the average value of changed anxiety was 1.45, satisfaction with video explanation was 2.80, helpfulness was 2.79, and intention to watch the video again was 2.80. In the results of T-test between the pre and post education groups, they showed statistically significant in anxiety and satisfaction (p<0.05). Moreover, the findings of this study confirmed that video education and information on UGI provided in advance reduce patients' anxiety and increase their satisfaction with examination.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.215-237
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• 2017

Most research on medical accidents is related to medical disputes and malpractice of relief system. Therefore, there is a lack of research which explores the psychological experiences of patients injured by medical accidents. The purpose of this study was to investigate Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) of patients harmed by medical accidents and to examine the moderating role of social support on the relationship between clinicians' explanation and attitude and PTSD symptoms. A total of 180 patients were drawn from a medical accident organization and online communities related to medical accidents. Results showed that 171 (95%) of the subjects experienced full PTSD symptoms and their severity of the PTSD Symptoms was as high as those who experienced other severe traumatic events. Though the main effect of clinician's explanation and attitude on PTSD symptoms was not significant, the moderating effect of social support was significant in the relationship between clinicians' explanation and attitude and PTSD symptoms. In other words, when the level of social support was low, the poorer the explanation and attitude of clinicians, the more severe the symptoms of PTSD. Drawing from these results, psychological, social, and institutional strategies were suggested to alleviate and prevent PTSD symptoms of patients injured by medical accidents. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.497-512
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• 2023

While scientific explanation is a fundamental component of science, teachers often lack familiarity with the formal structure of scientific explanations and the criteria for assessing their quality. Consequently, this study aims to clarify the concept of scientific explanation and proposes a tool for constructing scientific explanations. The primary objective is to explore the tool's impact on enhancing the explanatory skills of pre-service teachers when it comes to the phenomenon of condensation. The research findings indicate that many pre-service teachers initially operated at a description level during the pre-test. However, the implementation of the tool enabled them to advance their explanatory skills beyond the associative level. Notably, the tool was analyzed for its ability to provide pre-service teachers with a conceptual framework for explaining phenomena and guiding logical explanations and micro-level interpretations. This study holds significance in demonstrating that pre-service teachers can comprehend the formalities and criteria of scientific explanations and apply them to enhance their own explanatory abilities. Moving forward, efforts should be made to enhance the scientific explanation level among pre-service teachers across various topics and subject areas. Furthermore, pre-service teachers need classroom experiences that foster the construction of scientific explanations in authentic contexts.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11c
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• pp.264-267
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• 2001

In this paper, we are trying to think over the integration of domestic burner management system for thermal power plant. The detailed contents are the power plant system overview and the integration of system and the hardware explanation and changing the burner management system in the local equipments.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.16 no.3 s.89
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• pp.78-81
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• 1977