• 지능정보연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-46
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• 2017

2000년대 이전부터 북미 유럽의 선진국을 중심으로 특정 기업이나 사업(프로젝트)에 관한 가치를 평가하는 사례는 있어 왔으나, 개별 기술(특허)의 경제적 가치를 산정하는 체계나 방법론은 국내를 중심으로 최근 들어 활성화되어 왔다. 이러한 기술가치평가 분야는 기술이전(거래), 현물출자, 사업타당성 분석, 투자유치, 세무/소송 등의 다양한 용도로 활용되고 있다. 물론 기술보증기금의 KTRS, 발명진흥회의 SMART 3.1과 같이, 평가대상기술에 대한 기술력(등급) 평가 혹은 특허등급평가를 정성적으로 수행하는 온라인 시스템은 존재해 왔으나, 대상기술의 정량적인 가치금액까지 산출해 주는 웹기반 지능형 기술가치평가 시스템은 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI)에 의해 유일하게 개발 및 공식 오픈되어 확산 활용되고 있다. 본 고에서는 KISTI에서 개발 운영중인 웹기반 'STAR-Value' 시스템을 중심으로, 탑재된 방법론 및 평가모델의 유형, 이를 지원하는 참조정보 및 데이터베이스(D/B)가 어떻게 연계 활용되는지를 소개한다. 특히 미래에 발생할 경제적 수익을 추정하여 현재가치화하는 소득접근법 기반의 대표 모델인 현금흐름할인(DCF) 모델과 특정 로열티율을 기반으로 로열티수입료의 현재가치를 기술료 대가로 산정하는 로열티절감모델을 포함한 6개 모델, 그리고 관련 지원정보(기술수명, 기업(업종)재무정보, 할인율, 산업기술요소 등)의 데이터 기반 연계 방식에 대해 살펴본다. STAR-Value 시스템은 평가대상기술에 대한 국제특허분류(IPC) 혹은 한국표준산업분류(KSIC) 등의 분류 정보로부터 기술순환주기(TCT) 지수, 유사업종(혹은 유사기업)의 매출액 성장률 및 수익성 데이터, 업종별 가중평균자본비용(WACC) 및 산업기술요소 지수 등 메타데이터값을 자동적으로 불러오고 여기에 조정요인을 반영하여 기술가치의 산출결과가 높은 신뢰성 및 객관성을 가지도록 한다. 나아가 대상기술의 잠재적 시장규모와 해당 사업화주체의 시장점유율에 대한 정보까지 보유 재무데이터 기반으로 참조값을 제시하거나 기존에 완료된 평가사례 축적 기반으로 업종별 유사 기술의 가치범위값을 제시해 준다면, 본 시스템이 보다 지능형으로 지원 모듈을 연계 활용하고 실시간으로 손쉽게 고(高)정확도의 기술가치범위를 제시해 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 본 고에서는 웹기반 STAR-Value 시스템이 참조데이터 기반으로 지능형 연계를 수행하도록 해주는 모형선택 가이드라인 지원기능, 기술가치범위 추론 지원기능, 유사기업 선정 기반의 시장점유율 산정 지원기능의 내부 로직 구성을 설명한다. 상기 지원기능을 통해 비전문가(또는 초보자) 수준에서 최적의 평가모형 선택, 기술가치 범위 추론, 유사기업 선택 및 시장점유율 산정에 대한 정보지원이 데이터 사이언스 및 기계학습 기반으로 수행될 수 있다. 본 연구는 기술가치평가 분야의 이론적 타당성을 평가실무에서 활용할 수 있는 평가모델 및 지원정보를 실제 탑재한 웹기반 시스템의 소개에 의미가 있으며, 추가적으로 보다 객관적이고 손쉬운 지능형 지원시스템의 활용성을 높임으로써, 앞으로 기술사업화의 제 분야에서 다양하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2010

핵의학 체내검사 업무 단계 별 작업종사자의 피폭선량을 측정 및 분석하여 환자 검사 및 업무효율 저하를 발생시키지 않는 범위 내에서 종사자의 피폭선량을 최소로 감소할 수 있는 방법을 알아보고자 하였다. 방사성동위원소를 이용한 핵의학 체내검사 업무는 방사성 동위원소 분배, 방사성동위원소 주사($^{99m}Tc$, $^{18}F$-FDG), 환자 안내 및 검사로 이루어진다. RadEye-G10 측정기기(Thermo SCIENTIFIC)를 이용하여 각 업무 단계 별 피폭선량을 측정 및 분석 하였다. 방사성동위원소를 환자에게 주사하는 과정에서 많은 피폭이 발생하므로 작업종사자의 피폭선량을 최소로 줄일 수 있도록 외부피폭 방어에 대한 교육과 방사성동위원소 주사 시 보호구를 착용하도록 하였으며 주사 전 검사에 대한 설명 및 주의사항을 교육하여 주사 후 환자와의 대면시간을 단축하여 피폭선량을 줄이도록 하였다. 방사성동위원소 주사 시 보호구 착용 유무에 따른 피폭선량과 주사 전 검사에 대한 설명 및 주의사항 교육 유무에 따른 피폭선량을 측정하였다. 총 피폭선량은 icrosoft office Excel 2007을 이용하여 그래프로 나타내었으며 피폭선량의 차이는 SPSS program 12.0을 이용하여 wilcoxon signed ranks test로 분석 하였다. 이 때 p값이 0.01 이하인 경우 통계적으로 유의 하다고 판단하였다. $^{99m}Tc$-DPD 20 mCi를 보호구를 착용하고 주사 시 피폭되는 선량은 보호구를 착용하지 않고 주사 시 피폭되는 선량보다 88% 감소하였으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p<0.01). $^{18}F$-FDG 10 mCi를 보호구를 착용하고 주사 시 피폭되는 선량은 보호구를 착용하지 않고 주사 시 피폭되는 선량보다 26% 감소하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.01). $^{99m}Tc$-DPD 20 mCi를 주사 전 검사에 대한 설명 및 주의사항 교육 시 피폭되는 선량은 주사 후 검사에 대한 설명 및 주의사항 교육 시 피폭되는 선량보다 63% 감소하였으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). $^{18}F$-FDG 10 mCi를 주사 전 검사에 대한 설명 및 주의사항 교육 시 피폭 되는 선량은 주사 후 검사에 대한 설명 및 주의사항 교육 시 피폭되는 선량보다 52% 감소하였으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 방사성동위원소 $^{99m}Tc$을 이용하는 검사에서는 보호구 착용이 피폭선량을 줄이는데 더 효과적이고 $^{18}F$-FDG를 이용하는 검사에서는 주사 후 환자와의 대면시간을 단축하는 것이 피폭선량을 줄이는데 더 효과적이다. 그러므로 이러한 방사성동위원소의 특성에 따라 차폐 방안을 모색한다면 더욱 더 효과적이고 적극적인 방사선 차폐가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.450-493
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• 1997

Three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) is the change state of yum-yang(陰陽) which is caused by six gi(六氣). They mean the flow of six gi(六氣) which exist throughout the viscera, the channel(經絡), and the skin. But it is not easy to understand the meaning because the contents of the attribute of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), the bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) theory and large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) which is the main clue that explain it in ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$ don't coincide with each other. I, the writer, tried to understand the uncertain meaning and the contents which are written about three points above differently in each of the books that are ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$. So, from that the course that the book, ${\ll}$Huangjenegeong(黃帝內經)${\gg}$ is handed down is so relatively simple in a wood block-printed book, that the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ has less wong-words than the Somun(素問) and the Yeongchu(靈樞), and from that Yangshangsun(楊上善) wrote the note in the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ by royal order about 100 years former than Wangbing(王氷), as making projects of Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s note and the original of the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ which has relation to the yum-yang(陰陽) attribute of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), the bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) theory, and the large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) and researching the Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s theory. The result is summarized like this. First, wherease the order of the change of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) which is explained by Yangshangsun(楊上善) consider the change of yangi(陽氣) in body most important, the order of the change gaeggi(客氣)'s three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) considers chungi(天氣) most important, and the order of jugi(主氣)'s three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) considers jigi(地氣)'s change of ohaeng(五行) most important. If the order of change three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) in the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ is considered, each of taeyang(太陽) and soyum(少陰) are expressed as the base of yum-yang(陰陽) and yangmeong(陽明) and taeyum(太陰) are expressed as the palmy days of yum-yang(陰陽), soyang(少陽) and gyolyum(厥陰) are expressed as pacemaker(樞杻) which controls the change of yum-yang(陰陽). Thus, each has something in common that is fettered by the inside and outside. In the flow of channel(經絡), taeyang(太陽) and soyum(少陰) take charge of the behind of body, yangmeong(陽明) and taeyum(太陰) take charge of the front of body and soyang(少陽) and gyolyum(厥陰) take of the side of body. Second, in Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) theory, three-yum(三陰) is regarded as inside, three-yang(三陽) as outside, so when bolt, leaf and hanges fulfil their duties in inside and outside, the life(life force) is thought to be revealed normally. It is impossible to understand the bolt-leaf-hanges with the conception of the inside and outside which divide three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) into taeyang-soyum(太陽-少陰), yangmeong-taeyum(陽明-太陰), soyang-gyolyum(少陽-厥陰) according to yum-yang(陰陽) attribute, hence it need the special conception that is taeyang(太陽)-taeyum(太陰), yangmeong(陽明)-gyolyum(厥陰), soyang(少陽)-soyum(少陰) which center on their duties in inside and outside. In the denunciation of the word open(開) and bolt(關), because Yangshangsun(楊上善) said that the duities of taeyang(太陽) and taeyum(太陰) are shutter(閉禁), bolt(關) is coincided with that significance. Third, with explaining the large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), Yangshangsun(楊上善) expressed the inside and outside either in the same way or differently. Because the inside and outside is interior of body and exterior of body, it is the explanation that is noticed by the fact that the property of large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) is either able to be same or different. In this viewpoint, if we unite the contents about large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$, we will find that the descriptions of large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yang(三陽) in ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$ correspond with the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$, but in three-yum(三陰), the contrary presentations exit. The reason is that large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yum(三陰) isn't only expressed as che(體) in the point of che-yong(體用), but as a point of yong(用) that is a phenomenon. As researching the original of ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ and Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s notes as a center about three problems that are yum-yang(陰陽) attribute, the bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) and large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), I, the writer, tried to explain the part which is written differently or has uncertain conception in the book ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ and the book ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$, but the concrete result of the work like this will be judged according to the question how many theories are correspondent with real presence at a sickbed. Hence, the work to veryfy the theories in the future will be left as assignment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.751-769
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• 1998

본 연구는 임산부들의 분만전 분만방법에 대한 태도, 자신의 분만방법에 대한 이해 및 개입 정도, 분만후 분만방법에 대한 만족도 등을 평가하기 위하여 대구시내 1개 대학병원과 1개 산부인과 전문병원에서 산전진찰을 목적으로 내원한 임신 36주 이상의 임부 693명을 대상으로 분만전, 분만직후, 분만 1개월 후 3차례에 걸쳐 설문조사를 시행하였다. 임신기간 중 분만방법에 대한 교육이나 상담을 받은 임부는 24.0%였으며, 교육이나 상담을 받은 임부의 비율은 이전에 제왕절개분만을 한 임부에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 초산부, 자연분만을 했던 경산부, 제왕절개분만을 했던 경산부 모두 자연분만이 엄마나 아기의 건강에 더 좋다고 대답하였으나, 제왕절개분만을 했던 임부들 중 9.2%는 제왕절개분만이 아기의 건강에 더 좋다고 생각하였다. 분만전 선호하는 분만방법은 초산부와 자연분만을 했던 경산부는 90% 이상이 자연분만을 원했으나, 제왕절개분만을 했던 경산부는 85.6%가 제왕절개분만을 선호하였다. 분만전 자연분만을 선호하였던 임부들이 제왕절개 분만을 결정하게 된 이유는 의사의 권유가 81.9%, 남편의 권유가 0.8%, 충분히 상담후 결정한 경우가 4.7%, 산모가 원하여 12.6%였으며, 자연분만을 결정하게 된 이유는 대부분이 제왕절개분만을 할 특별한 사유가 없었거나(67.2%) 산모가 원한 것(30.6%)으로 나타났다. 제왕절개분만을 원했던 임부들의 제왕절개분만을 결정하게 된 이유는 의사의 권유가 76.2%, 산모가 원한 경우 20.0%, 남편의 권유가 1.3%, 의사와 충분히 상담후 결정한 경우는 2.5%였다. 의사의 권유로 제왕절개분만한 산모가 수술 이유에 대해 충분히 설명을 들은 경우는 55.1%였다. 제왕절개분만을 한 산모들의 수술 이유에 대한 의무기록과 산모 대답간의 일치율은 75.9%였으며, 반복 제왕절개분만일 경우와 산모가 원한 경우에 5% point 이상 응답을 차이가 났다. 초산부와 자연분만을 했던 경산부의 산전에 선호한 분만방법은 실제 분만방법과 유의한 관련성을 보였고(p<0.05), 제왕절개분만을 했던 경산부들은 선호도에 관계없이 100% 제왕절개분만을 하였다. 분만후 분만 방법별 자신의 분만방법에 만족하는 비율은 자연분만한 산모는 분만직후 84.9%, 분만 1개월 후 85.1%였으나 제왕절개분만을 한 산모는 분만직후 44.7%, 분만 1개월 후 42.0%로 나타냈다(p<0.05). 분만후 분만방법에 대한 선호도는 분만직후, 분만 1개월 후 모두 분만방법과 유의한 관계를 보였고, 각 시기별 분만방법에 대한 만족도와는 자연분만을 한 산모들은 자신의 분만방법에 만족할수록 자연분만을 선호하였지만, 제왕절개분만을 한 산모들은 만족 정도와 관계없이 제왕절개분만에 대한 선호도가 높았다. 이러한 결과는 그동안의 의사 중심의 전문적인 기술위주의 산전관리와 분만관리에서 기본적인 예방 및 건강증진 위주의 임부와 태아 중심 관리로의 방향 전환이 필요하며, 임부의 임신과 분만에 관한 적극적인 교육 및 상담이 필요하며, 분만방법 결정과정에 임부가 적극적으로 참여함으로써 제왕절개 분만율을 낮추고 제왕절개술후의 자연분만을 유도할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 분만후 분만방법에 대한 만족도도 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-95
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• 1972

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of service by maternity aids concerning maternal and child health in improving simultaneously infant mortality, contraception and vital registration among expectant mothers in rural Korea, where there is less apportunity for maternal and child health care. It is unrealistic to expect to solve this problem in rural Korea through professional persons considering the situation of medical facilities and the socioeconomic condition of residents. So, we intended to adopt a system of services by maternity aids who were educated formally among indigenous women. After the women were trained in maternal and child health, contraception, and registration for a short period, they were assigned as a maternity aids to each village to help with various activities concerning maternal and child health, for example, registration of pregnant women, home visiting to check for complications, supplying of delivery kits, attendance at delivery, persuasion of contraception, and invitation for registration and so on. Mean-while, four researchers called on the maternity aids to collect materials concerning vital events, maternal child health, contraception and registration, and to give further instruction and supervision as the program proceeded. A. Changes of women's attitude by services of maternity aid. Now, we examined to what extent' such a service system to expectant mothers affected a change in attitude of women residing in the study area as compared to women of the control area. 1) In the birth and death places, there were no changes between last and present infants, in study or control area. 2) In regard to attendants at delivery, there were no changes except for a small percentage of attendance (8%) by maternity aid in study area. But, I expect that more maternity sids could be used as attendants at delivery if they would be trained further and if there was more explanation to the residents about such a service. 3) Considering the rate of utilization of sterilized delivery kit, I am sure that more than 90 percent would be used if the delivery kit were supplied in the proper time. There were significant differences in rates between the study and the control areas. 4) Taking into consideration the utilization rate of the clinic for prenatal care and well baby care, if suck facilities were installed, it would probably be well utilized. 5) In the contraception, the rate of approval was as high as 89 percent in study area as compared to 82 percent in the control area. 6) Considering the rate of pre-and post-partum acceptance on contraception were as much as 70 percent or more, if motivation to use contraception was given to them adequately, the government could reach the goals for family planning as planned. 7) In the vital registration, the rate of birth registration in the study area was some what improved compared to that of the control area, while the rate of death registration was not changed at all. Taking into account the fact that the rate of confirmation of vital events by maternity aids was remarkably high, if the registration system changed to a 'notification' system instead of formal registration ststem, it would be improved significantly compared to present system. B. Effect of the project Thus, with changes in the residents' attitude, was there a reduction in the infant death rate? 1) It is very difficult problem to compare the mortality of infants between last and present infants, because many women don't want to answer accurately about their dead children especially the infants that died within a few days after birth. In this study the data of present death comes from the maternity aides who followed up every pregnancy they had recorded to see what had happened. They seem to have very reliable information on what happened in first few weeks with follow up visitits to check out later changes. From these calculaton, when we compared the rate of infant death between last and present infant, there was remarkable reduction of death rate for present infant compare to that of last children, namely, the former was 30, while the latter 42. The figure is the lowest rate that I have ever heard. As the quality of data we could assess by comparing the causes of death. In the current death rate by communicable disease was much lower compare to the last child especially, tetanus cases and pneumonia. 2) Next, how many respondents used contraception after birth because of frequent contact with the maternity aid. In the registered cases, the respondents showed a tendency to practice contraception at an earlier age and with a small number of children. In a comparison of the rate of contraception between the study and the control area, the rate in the former was significantly higher than that of the latter. What is more, the proportion favoring smaller numbers of children and younger women rose in the study area as compared to the control area. 3) Regarding vital registration, though the rate of registration was gradually improved by efforts of maternity aid, it would be better to change the registration system. 4) In the crude birth rate, the rate in the study area was 22.2 while in the control area was 26.5. Natural increase rate showed 15.4 in the study area, while control area was 19.1. 5) In assessment of the efficiency of the maternity aids judging by the cost-effect viewpoint, the workers in the Medium area seemed to be more efficiency than those of other areas.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2015

국내 소프트웨어(SW) 개발인력의 미충원율은 매우 높으며, 특히 2년 이상의 현장경력이 있는 고급 개발자의 부족문제는 심각하다. 최근 정부도 이를 인식하고, 정책적으로 SW개발 신규인력 양성에 힘을 기울이고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 노력은 초급개발자의 수급문제를 해결하는데 효과적일 수 있지만, 업계에서 요구하는 고급 개발자의 부족현상을 해결하는 근본적인 대책으로 인식되지는 못하고 있다. SW 전문개발자를 양성하기 위해서는 초급개발자들이 지속적으로 직무를 수행하여 풍부한 업무경험을 갖춘 고급 개발자로 성장해야 하기 때문이다. 이에, 본 연구는 국내 SW업체에서 근무하고 있는 개발관련 인력들의 업무 지속수행 의도를 조사하고, 이에 영향을 주는 주요요인들을 분석하였다. 이를 위해, 2014년 9월부터 10월까지 국내 SW업체에 근무하고 있는 현직 개발자 총 130명을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였으며, 이를 기반으로 SW개발업무 지속수행의도 및 이에 영향을 주는 요인들을 개발자의 특성, 직무환경, 그리고 SW개발자에 대한 사회적 인식 및 산업전망 등의 측면에서 분석하였다. 분석에는 데이터마이닝 기법들 중에서, 분석과정에서의 설명능력이 있는 회귀분석과 의사결정나무가 사용되었다. 회귀분석 결과, SW개발자가 스스로 인식하는 근무 가능한 연령이 높을수록, 내성적인 성향을 가질수록, 또한 적성에 맞아서 직무를 선택한 경우, 지속적 직무 수행 의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이와 더불어, 선형회귀분석에서는 유의하지 않았으나, 규칙기반의 의사결정나무 분석에서 파악된 추가적 요인으로, 새로운 기술에 대한 학습능력 및 SW산업에 대한 전망이 직무 지속수행의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 기업의 인적자원관리 및 고급 SW인력 양성정책에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 궁극적으로 SW개발인력의 직무 지속성을 증진시키는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.59-77
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• 2012

기업의 성장성, 수익성, 안정성, 활동성, 생산성 등에 대한 다양한 분석이 은행, 신용평가기관, 투자자 등 많은 이해관계자에 의해 실시되고 있고, 이에 대한 다양한 경영분석 지표들 또한 정기적으로 발표되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 경영분석 지표를 이용하여 어떤 기업이 가까운 미래에 유상증자를 실시하는지를 데이터마이닝을 통해 예측하고자 한다. 본 연구를 통해 어떠한 지표가 유상증자 여부를 예측하는데 도움이 되는가를 살펴 볼 것이며, 그 지표들을 이용하여 예측할 경우 그 예측의 정확도가 어느 정도인지를 분석하고자 한다. 특히 1997년 IMF 금융위기 전후로 유상증자를 결정하는 변수들이 변화하는지, 그리고 예측의 정확성에 분명한 차이가 존재하는지 분석한다. 또한 유상증자 실시 시기를 경영분석 지표 발표 후 1년 내, 1~2년 내, 2~3년 내로 나누어 예측 시기에 따라 예측의 정확성과 결정 변수들의 차이가 존재하는지도 분석한다. 658개의 유가증권상장법인의 경영분석 데이터를 이용하여 실증 분석한 결과, IMF 이후의 유상증자 예측모형이 IMF 이전의 예측모형에 비해 예측 정확도가 높았고, 학습용 데이터의 예측 정확도와 검증용 데이터의 예측 정확도 차이도 IMF 이후가 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 IMF 이후 재무자료의 정확도가 높아졌고, 기업에게 유상증자의 목적이 더욱 명확해졌다고 해석될 수 있다. 또한 예측기간이 단기인 경우 경영분석 지표 중 안전성에 관련된 지표들의 중요성이 부각되었고, 장기인 경우에는 수익성과 안전성뿐만 아니라 활동성과 생산성 관련지표도 유상증자를 예측하는 데 중요한 것으로 파악되었다. 그리고 모든 예측모형에서 산업코드가 유상증자를 예측하는 중요변수로 포함되었는데 이는 산업별로 서로 다른 유상증자 유형이 존재한다는 점을 시사한다. 본 연구는 투자자나 재무담당자가 유상증자 여부를 장단기 시점에서 예측하고자 할 때 어떠한 경영분석지표를 고려하여 분석하는 것이 바람직한지에 대한 지침을 제공하는데 그 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.180-191
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• 2015

본 연구는 만 9~12세의 초등학생 총 20명(남아 11명, 여아 9명)을 대상으로 18가지의 일상생활에서의 대표적인 신체활동에 따른 에너지소비량을 측정하여, 아동의 일상생활에서 수행하는 신체활동에 따른 에너지소비량을 평가하고, 체중이 METs 값에 미치는 영향을 분석해보았다. 1. 연구대상자의 평균연령은 $10.4{\pm}0.6$세였으며, 평균 신장 및 체중은 $145.1{\pm}8.5cm$ 및 $43.6{\pm}10.3kg$ 이었다. 대상자의 허리둘레는 남아와 여아 각각 $73.6{\pm}9.6cm$ 및 $63.5{\pm}7.1cm$로 남녀 간의 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p < 0.05). 2. 연구대상자의 휴식 시 산소소비량 ($VO_2$), 에너지소비량 및 METs 값은 각각 $5.41{\pm}0.89mL/kg/min$, $1.44{\pm}0.17kcal/kg/h$ 및 $1.5{\pm}0.4METs$로 나타났다. 3. 18가지의 신체활동에 따른 METs 값은 앉아서 숙제하기 및 책읽기 ($1.6{\pm}0.3METs$), 앉아서 비디오 혹은 핸드폰으로 게임하기 ($1.6{\pm}0.5METs$), 앉아서 텔레비전 시청하기 ($1.7{\pm}0.5METs$), 서서 비디오 혹은 핸드폰으로 게임하기 ($1.9{\pm}0.6METs$), 빗자루로 방 쓸기 ($2.7{\pm}1.1METs$) 및 보드게임 ($2.8{\pm}2.2METs$)이 가벼운 신체활동에 속하였으며, 진공청소기로 청소하기 ($3.0{\pm}0.2METs$), 피구 ($3.6{\pm}0.9METs$), 삽질하기 ($3.8{\pm}0.4METs$), 계단오르내리기 ($3.8{\pm}1.3METs$), 농구 슛팅 ($4.4{\pm}.1.5METs$), 줄넘기 ($4.6{\pm}2.6METs$), 음악에 맞추어 스트레칭 ($4.7{\pm}2.3METs$), 천천히 걷기 ($4.8{\pm}2.6METs$) 및 배드민턴 ($4.8{\pm}1.0METs$)의 활동이 중간강도의 신체활동에 속하였다. 빨리 걷기 및 달리기는 각각 $6.6{\pm}1.7$ 및 $6.7{\pm}1.5METs$로 6.0 METs 이상의 고강도 신체활동에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 본 연구결과를 성인 METs 값 및 기존에 보고된 아동 METs 값과 비교하기 위하여 Bland-Altman 분석을 실시한 결과 각각 mean difference $0.18{\pm}1.57$, upper and lower limit of agreement 0.99 and -0.62 및 mean difference $0.28{\pm}1.49$, upper and lower limit of agreement 1.05 and -0.48로 나타났으며, ICC (interclass correlation coefficient)를 통한 일치도 분석결과는 각각 0.815 및 0.837로 성인의 METs 값보다는 기존에 보고된 아동 METs 값과의 일치도가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 5. 체중이 신체활동에 따른 에너지소비량에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 앉아서 게임하기 (METs 1.6), 계단오르내리기 (METs 3.8), 천천히 걷기 (METs 4.8) 및 달리기 (METs 6.6)에서 $R^2$값이 각각 0.116, 0.176, 0.246 및 0.455로 증가하였으며, 활동 강도가 높을수록 체중이 METs 값에 대한 설명력이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 신체활동은 건강증진 및 질병예방에 중요한 역할을 하며, 특히, 일상생활에서 신체활동을 증진시키는 것은 많은 질병에 있어 최선의 예방책 가운데 필수적인 요소이다. 이러한 면에서 영양 및 운동처방의 목표에 정확하게 도달하기 위해서는 에너지소비량, 특히, 일상생활에서의 신체활동이 정확하게 평가되어져야한다. 결론적으로, 신체활동에 따른 에너지소비량을 평가하기 위해 성인의 데이터가 존재할지라도 아동들의 일상적인 활동에 대한 에너지 cost 자료는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 초등학생의 신체활동에 따른 에너지소비량에 대한 데이터를 직접 측정하여 평가하였다는데 큰 의의가 있으며, 추후 연구에서는 더 넓은 범위의 그룹 및 다양한 연령대의 아동을 대상으로 한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-33
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• 1971

Nursing of today has as one of its objectives the solving of problems related to human needs arising from the demands of a rapidly changing society. This nursing objective, I believe, can he attained by the appropriate application of scientific principles in the giving of comprehensive nursing care. Comprehensive nursing care may be defined as nursing care which meets all of the patient's needs. the needs of patients are said to fall into five broad categories: physical needs, psychological needs, environmental needs, socio-economic needs, and teaching needs. Most people who become ill have adjustment problems related to their new situation. Because patient teaching is one of the most important functions of professional nursing, the success of this teaching may be used as a gauge for evaluating comprehensive nursing care. This represents a challenge foe the future. A questionnaire consisting of 67 items was distributed to 200 professional nurses working ill direct patient care at Yonsei University Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. 160 (80,0%) nurses of the total sample returned completed questionnaires 81 (50.6%) nurses were graduates of 3 fear diploma courser 79 (49.4%) nurses were graduates of 4 year collegiate nursing schools in Korea 141 (88,1%) nurses had under 5 years of clinical experience in a medical center, while 19 (11.9%) nurses had more than 5years of clinical experience. Three hypotheses were tested: 1. “Nurses had high levels of concept and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by the use of a statistical method, the mean average. 2. “Nurses graduating from collegiate programs and diploma school programs of nursing show differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by a statistical method, the mean average, although the results showed little difference between the two groups. 3. “Nurses having different amounts of clinical experience showed differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by the use of a statistical method, the mean average. 2. “Nurses graduating from collegiate programs and diploma school programs of nursing show differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by a statistical method, the mean average, although the results showed little difference between the two groups. 3. “Nurses having different amounts of clinical experience showed differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by the use of the T-test. Conclusions of this study are as follow: Before attempting the explanation, of the results, the questionnaire will he explained. The questionnaire contained 67 questions divided into 9 sections. These sections were: concept, content, time, prior preparation, method, purpose, condition, evaluation, and recommendations for patient teaching. 1. The nurse's concept of patient teaching: Most of the nurses had high levels of concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching. Though nursing service was task-centered at the turn of the century, the emphasis today is put on patient-centered nursing. But we find some of the nurses (39.4%) still are task-centered. After, patient teaching, only a few of the nurses (14.4%) checked this as “normal teaching.”It seems therefore that patient teaching is often done unconsciously. Accordingly it would he desirable to have correct concepts and knowledge of teaching taught in schools of nursing. 2. Contents of patient teaching: Most nurses (97.5%) had good information about content of patient teaching. They teach their patients during admission about their diseases, tests, treatments, and before discharge give nurses instruction about simple nursing care, personal hygiene, special diets, rest and sleep, elimination etc. 3. Time of patient teaching: Teaching can be accomplished even if there is no time set aside specifically for it. -a large part of the nurse's teaching can be done while she is giving nursing care. If she believes she has to wait for time free from other activities, she may miss many teaching opportunities. But generally proper time for patient teaching is in the midmorning or midafternoon since one and a half or two hours required. Nurses meet their patients in all stages of health: often tile patient is in a condition in which learning is impossible-pain, mental confusion, debilitation, loss of sensory perception, fear and anxiety-any of these conditions may preclude the possibility of successful teaching. 4. Prior preparation for patient teaching: The teaching aids, nurses use are charts (53.1%), periodicals (23.8%), and books (7.0%) Some of the respondents (28.1%) reported that they had had good preparation for the teaching which they were doing, others (27.5%) reported adequate preparation, and others (43.8%) reported that their preparation for teaching was inadequate. If nurses have advance preparation for normal teaching and are aware of their objectives in teaching patients, they can do effective teaching. 5. Method of patient teaching: The methods of individual patient teaching, the nurses in this study used, were conversation (55.6%) and individual discussion (19.2%) . And the methods of group patient teaching they used were demonstration (42.3%) and lecture (26.2%) They should also he prepared to use pamphlet and simple audio-visual aids for their teaching. 6. Purposes of patient teaching: The purposes of patient teaching is to help the patient recover completely, but the majority of the respondents (40.6%) don't know this. So it is necessary for them to understand correctly the purpose of patient teaching and nursing care. 7. Condition of patient teaching: The majority of respondents (75.0%) reported there were some troubles in teaching uncooperative patients. It would seem that the nurse's leaching would be improved if, in her preparation, she was given a better understanding of the patient and communication skills. The majority of respondents in the total group, felt teaching is their responsibility and they should teach their patient's family as well as the patient. The place for teaching is most often at the patient's bedside (95.6%) but the conference room (3.1%) is also used. It is important that privacy be provided in learning situations with involve personal matters. 8. Evaluation of patient teaching: The majority of respondents (76.3%,) felt leaching is a highly systematic and organized function requiring special preparation in a college or university, they have the idea that teaching is a continuous and ever-present activity of all people throughout their lives. The suggestion mentioned the most frequently for improving preparation was a course in patient teaching included in the basic nursing program. 9. Recommendations: 1) It is recommended, that in clinical nursing, patient teaching be emphasized. 2) It is recommended, that insertive education the concepts and purposes of patient teaching he renewed for all nurses. In addition to this new knowledge, methods and materials which can be applied to patient teaching should be given also. 3) It is recommended, in group patient teaching, we try to embark on team teaching.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.25-53
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• 2013

This study analyzes the effect of Computer Aided Innovation (CAI) to improve R&D Capabilities empirically. Survey was distributed by e-mail and Google Docs, targeting CTO of 235 SMEs. 142 surveys were returned back (rate of return 60.4%) from companies. Survey results from 119 companies (83.8%) which are effective samples except no-response, insincere response, estimated value, etc. were used for statistics analysis. Companies with less than 50billion KRW sales of entire researched companies occupy 76.5% in terms of sample traits. Companies with less than 300 employees occupy 83.2%. In terms of the type of company business Partners (called 'partners with big companies' hereunder) who work with big companies for business occupy 68.1%. SMEs based on their own business (called 'independent small companies') appear to occupy 31.9%. The present status of holding IT system according to traits of company business was classified into partners with big companies versus independent SMEs. The present status of ERP is 18.5% to 34.5%. QMS is 11.8% to 9.2%. And PLM (Product Life-cycle Management) is 6.7% to 2.5%. The holding of 3D CAD is 47.1% to 21%. IT system-holding and its application of independent SMEs seemed very vulnerable, compared with partner companies of big companies. This study is comprised of IT infra and IT Utilization as CAI capacity factors which are independent variables. factors of R&D capabilities which are independent variables are organization capability, process capability, HR capability, technology-accumulating capability, and internal/external collaboration capability. The highest average value of variables was 4.24 in organization capability 2. The lowest average value was 3.01 in IT infra which makes users access to data and information in other areas and use them with ease when required during new product development. It seems that the inferior environment of IT infra of general SMEs is reflected in CAI itself. In order to review the validity used to measure variables, Factors have been analyzed. 7 factors which have over 1.0 pure value of their dependent and independent variables were extracted. These factors appear to explain 71.167% in total of total variances. From the result of factor analysis about measurable variables in this study, reliability of each item was checked by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. All measurable factors at least over 0.611 seemed to acquire reliability. Next, correlation has been done to explain certain phenomenon by correlation analysis between variables. As R&D capabilities factors which are arranged as dependent variables, organization capability, process capability, HR capability, technology-accumulating capability, and internal/external collaboration capability turned out that they acquire significant correlation at 99% reliability level in all variables of IT infra and IT Utilization which are independent variables. In addition, correlation coefficient between each factor is less than 0.8, which proves that the validity of this study judgement has been acquired. The pair with the highest coefficient had 0.628 for IT utilization and technology-accumulating capability. Regression model which can estimate independent variables was used in this study under the hypothesis that there is linear relation between independent variables and dependent variables so as to identify CAI capability's impact factors on R&D. The total explanations of IT infra among CAI capability for independent variables such as organization capability, process capability, human resources capability, technology-accumulating capability, and collaboration capability are 10.3%, 7%, 11.9%, 30.9%, and 10.5% respectively. IT Utilization exposes comprehensively low explanatory capability with 12.4%, 5.9%, 11.1%, 38.9%, and 13.4% for organization capability, process capability, human resources capability, technology-accumulating capability, and collaboration capability respectively. However, both factors of independent variables expose very high explanatory capability relatively for technology-accumulating capability among independent variable. Regression formula which is comprised of independent variables and dependent variables are all significant (P<0.005). The suitability of regression model seems high. When the results of test for dependent variables and independent variables are estimated, the hypothesis of 10 different factors appeared all significant in regression analysis model coefficient (P<0.01) which is estimated to affect in the hypothesis. As a result of liner regression analysis between two independent variables drawn by influence factor analysis for R&D capability and R&D capability. IT infra and IT Utilization which are CAI capability factors has positive correlation to organization capability, process capability, human resources capability, technology-accumulating capability, and collaboration capability with inside and outside which are dependent variables, R&D capability factors. It was identified as a significant factor which affects R&D capability. However, considering adjustable variables, a big gap is found, compared to entire company. First of all, in case of partner companies with big companies, in IT infra as CAI capability, organization capability, process capability, human resources capability, and technology capability out of R&D capacities seems to have positive correlation. However, collaboration capability appeared insignificance. IT utilization which is a CAI capability factor seemed to have positive relation to organization capability, process capability, human resources capability, and internal/external collaboration capability just as those of entire companies. Next, by analyzing independent types of SMEs as an adjustable variable, very different results were found from those of entire companies or partner companies with big companies. First of all, all factors in IT infra except technology-accumulating capability were rejected. IT utilization was rejected except technology-accumulating capability and collaboration capability. Comprehending the above adjustable variables, the following results were drawn in this study. First, in case of big companies or partner companies with big companies, IT infra and IT utilization affect improving R&D Capabilities positively. It was because most of big companies encourage innovation by using IT utilization and IT infra building over certain level to their partner companies. Second, in all companies, IT infra and IT utilization as CAI capability affect improving technology-accumulating capability positively at least as R&D capability factor. The most of factor explanation is low at around 10%. However, technology-accumulating capability is rather high around 25.6% to 38.4%. It was found that CAI capability contributes to technology-accumulating capability highly. Companies shouldn't consider IT infra and IT utilization as a simple product developing tool in R&D section. However, they have to consider to use them as a management innovating strategy tool which proceeds entire-company management innovation centered in new product development. Not only the improvement of technology-accumulating capability in department of R&D. Centered in new product development, it has to be used as original management innovative strategy which proceeds entire company management innovation. It suggests that it can be a method to improve technology-accumulating capability in R&D section and Dynamic capability to acquire sustainable competitive advantage.