• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2016

PURPOSE: There are several methods, such as the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), maximal expiration (ME), and Kegel exercise, to strengthen the core muscles. However, to date no study has been conducted to compare the effects of the ADIM, ME, and Kegel exercise on the transverses abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and pelvic floor muscles (PFMs). The purpose of this study was to find out which of the three aforementioned exercises is most effective for contracting the core muscles. METHODS: The thickness of the TrA, IO, EO and PFMs was measured by ultrasonographic imaging during the ADIM, ME and Kegel exercise in 34 healthy participants. RESULTS: There was the significant difference between ADIM and Kegel exercise in the thickness of the TrA (p<0.05). There were the significant differences between ADIM and ME and between ME and Kegel exercise in the thickness of the IO and PFM (p<0.01). There was no significant activation in the thickness of the EO (p>0.05). Measurement reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM). An ICC value of >0.77 indicated that reliability measurements was good. CONCLUSION: Kegel exercise was the most effective exercise for the TrA and the PFM, and ME was the most effective exercise for the IO muscles.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.451-459
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• 2014

To solve the serious problem of insufficient manpower in medium and small scaled companies, our country allows introduction of foreign manpower for 5 business types such as manufacture industry, service industry, etc. and there are 226,825 people who entered by employment license system(E-9) in Sep. 2013. However, according to the results of investigation "actual status and difficulties of foreign manpower's employment of medium and small scaled manufacturing companies" of KFTA in 2013, 36.4% of respondents responded that current scale of introducing foreign manpower is insufficient to solve difficulties of insufficient manpower in industrial world and 37.7% of them responded that the quarter of new employment is insufficient. So, they hope that current quarter system of foreign manpower can be abolished. Meanwhile, introduction scale of foreign manpower was decided by 53,000 people so as to solve enterprise difficulties in manpower and vitalize economics this year, but illegal aliens are 39,623, more than 17.5%, in Sep. 2013 after employment expiration. Therefore, it becomes serious social problem. Government displays various support businesses so that foreign workers after employment expiration can return to their homeland legally. This thesis intends to find measures to maintain royalty for our country and support their smooth resettlement through the analysis on homecoming support business of foreign workers.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.333-341
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate shelf life for sterilized products according to their packaging material. Methods: Samples were prepared to target six nursing units in one general hospital in Seoul. After steam and E.O gas sterilization, sterilized product, samples were supplied to wards. Data collection was conducted for 3 months, after the expiration date of 3 months had passed for samples packaged with crepe paper and nonwoven wraps. For samples packaged with paper-plastic pouches, data collection conducted for 3 months when the expiration date of 9 months had passed. The sterilized products were collected and tested for microbial contamination. Identification of the storage environment was done as samples were collected. Results: This study confirmed that the storage environment met international standards such as CDC, except for temperature. For steam sterilized crepe paper packaging samples and steam and E.O gas sterilized for nonwoven packaging samples no contamination in all products was found for 3 months past the expiration date. However, in the E.O gas sterilized paper-plastic pouch packaging sterile samples, Gram-positive bacilli were detected in one sample from a surgical intensive care unit at 45 weeks and another sample from an operating room at 47 weeks. Furthermore, the results did not show any microorganisms for up to 52 weeks in all products. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, sterilized product packaging made with crepe paper and nonwoven wraps is better able an extended shelf life from 3 months to 6 months, reducing unnecessary costs.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk-stabilization training using stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization techniques of PNF on trunk muscle strength and respiratory function in elderly stroke patients. Methods: There were 26 stroke patients included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups, and all patients performed exercise 30 min five times per week for six weeks. The experimental group performed trunk stability exercise using stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization techniques of PNF, and the control group performed flexibility and strength training. Trunk muscle strength, forced vital capacity, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiration pressure were measured to determine the changes after the intervention. For statistical processing, a paired t-test was performed within the group, and the value after intervention was performed as an independent t-test to find out the difference between the two groups. Results: In the experimental group, all of the trunk muscle strength, forced vital capacity, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiration pressure showed significant differences according to the intervention. In the control group, there were statistically significant differences in trunk muscle strength and forced vital capacity, but the maximum inspiratory pressure and the maximum expiration pressure did not show any statistical change. Conclusion: From these results, it can be seen that the trunk stability exercises that use the proprioceptive neuromuscular promotion method of stable reversal and rhythm stabilization can be a good intervention for the respiratory function of stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine how much the movement at X-ray examinations like breathing or the positioning affects the image during chest or abdomen X-ray examination so as to create an image containing information as much as possible. The study method adopted is doing the X-ray in each of the states including breathing (inspiration & expiration) and movement in the standing chest PA X-ray and simple abdomen X-ray among the kinds of examination selected the most in hospitals and then evaluating them by applying the standards of image evaluation for each region. According to the study result, about the standing chest PA X-ray, the images taken at inspiration contain more information than those taken at expiration or having subtle movement during the examination. About the simple abdomen X-ray, the images taken at expiration contain more information than those taken at inspiration or movement. The above study results imply that regarding general X-ray examination, information we can find from the images may differ significantly according to the region examined, examination purpose, or movement during the examination like breathing.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.671-680
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the consumption realities of processed food and the perception of food labeling with targets of university students attending schools in Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. The reason for buying processed food was because it is easy to cook. As for the number of using processed food, it was answered that everyday dairy products, noodles, breads and snacks for 3~4 times a month, and meat processed foods, canned foods, sauces and frozen foods for 2~3 times a month. With regard to selecting processed products, both male and female students answered with taste and price first, barely considering the safety and nutritional elements. It turned out that they check the price, expiration date and country of origin in order upon buying processed foods. Most of them recognized food labeling, but answered that they checked it sometimes in order to check the 'expiration date' and the 'calories'. They were aware of the food nutritional contents indication. It was turned out that male students check it for nutrients and female students for weight control. The effect of the processed food indication was that it is easy to choose the necessary foods for health and as well as for comparing the food with other products. The satisfaction of the food labeling system was mediocre. The results indicated that the food indication system needs to be educated or promoted.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.999-1007
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• 2009

This paper considers the optimal periodic preventive maintenance (PM) policy following the expiration of free-repair warranty. We assume that two periodic PM models with random maintenance quality which were proposed by Wu and Clements-Croome (2005) and Jung (2006b), respectively. Given the cost structure to the user during the cycle of the product, we derive the expressions for the expected cost rate per unit time. Also, we obtain the optimal PM number and the optimal PM period by minimizing the expected cost rate per unit time. The numerical examples are presented for illustrative purpose.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1557-1564
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• 2016

Recently, an extended warranty of a system following the expiration of the basic warranty is becoming increasingly popular to the user. In this respect, we suggest a two stage maintenance policy under the non-renewing warranty from the user's point of view in this paper. In the first stage, the user has to decide whether or not to purchase the extended warranty period. And, in the second stage, the optimal replacement period following the expiration of the warranty is determined. Under the extended warranty, the failed system is minimally repaired by the manufacturer at no cost to the user. We utilize the expected cost from the user's perspective to determine the optimal two stage maintenance policy. Finally, a few numerical examples are given for illustrative purpose.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2008

This paper develops the optimal periodic preventive maintenance policy following the expiration of non-renewing warranty. We assume that Wu and Clements-Croome's (2005) periodic PM model with random maintenance quality is utilized to maintain the system after the non-renewing warranty is expired. Given the cost structure to the user during the cycle of the product, we drive the expressions for the expected cost rate per unit time. Also, we obtain the optimal number and the optimal period by minimizing the expected cost rate per unit time. The numerical examples are presented for illustrative purpose.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.909-923
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• 2008

This paper considers the replacement model and the preventive maintenance model following the expiration of combination warranty for a repairable system. If the system fails after the combination warranty is expired, then it is minimally repaired at each failure. The criterion used to determine the optimal replacement policy and the optimal preventive maintenance policy is the overall value function based on the expected cost rate per unit time and the expected downtime per unit time. The numerical examples are presented for illustrative purpose when the failure time follows a Weibull distribution.