• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2001

Pneumocystis carinii causes serious pulmonary infection in immuno-suppressed patients. This study was undertaken to observe the cytoskeletal proteins of P. carinii by immune-electron microscopy. P. carinii infection was experimentally induced by immunosuppression of Sprague-Dawley rats for seven weeks, and their lungs were used for the observations of this study. The gold particles localized actin, tropomyosin, and tubulin. The actin was irregularly scattered in the cytoplasm of the trophic forms but was much more concentrated in the inner space of the cell wall of the cystic forms called the inner electron-lucent layer No significant amount of tropomyosin was observed in either trophic forms or cystic forms. The tubulin was distributed along the peripheral cytoplasm and filopodia of both the trophic and cystic forms rather than in the inner side of the cytoplasm. Particularly, in the cystic forms, the amount of tubulin was increased and located mainly in the inner electron-lucent layer of the cell wall where the actin was concentrated as well. The results of this study showed that the cell wall of P carinii cystic forms is a structure whose inner side is rich in actin and tubulin. The location of the actin and tubulin in P. carinii suggests that the main role of these proteins is an involvement in the protection of cystic forms from the outside environment by maintaining rigidity of the cystic forms.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate to protective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in piglets by administration of the PEDV antiserum orally at 2 hrs, 24hrs and 36hrs after birth. six piglets administered the antiserum were experimentally infected with PEDV at five-day-old. Control group were four piglets infected with PEDV only. Clinical signs and gross, histopathological lesion and immunohistochemical findings were examined. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In clinical signs, piglets of the control group appeared the typical signs of severe watery diarrhea, depression and anorexia but piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group recovered progressively. In mortality, control group showed 75%, but PEDV antiserum treated group showed 16.7%, respectively. 2. In gross findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of congestion, distension of lumen, containing curdes of undigested milk in stomach. But piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group appeared milder than those of control group. 3. In histopathological findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of villous atrophy and fusion, congesion, exfoliation, vacuolation, squamation, loss of cilia and proliferation of crypt. But piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group appeared milder than those of control group. 4. In immunohistochemical findings, piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group showed more intensive in reaction for IgG and IgG than those of control group. The recation for IgA was stronger than that of IgG. It was concluded that oral administration of PEDV antiserum to piglets was effective in preventing PEDV infection and reduced their mortality.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate to potective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in piglets by administration of the PEDV antiserum orally at 2 hrs, 24hrs and 36hrs after birth. six piglets administered the antiserum were experimentally infected with PEDV at five-day-old. Control group were four piglets infected with PEDV only. Serum antibody titers against PEDV were examined by serum neutralization (SN) test, dectection for PEDV or PEDV antigen from feces and small intestines was tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunoflurescence (IFA). The results obtained were as follows; 1. The piglets administered the PEDV antiserum showed higher antibody titers than those of control group and sustained during the experimental period. 2. The detection rate of PEDV in feces and small intestines by RT-PCR were 26.2% and 16.7% in PEDV antiserum treated group and 48.1 % and 75.0% in control group, respectively. 3. The detection rate of PEDV antigen in the small intestine by IFA were 0% in PEDV antiserum treated group and 50.0% in control group, respectively. It was concluded that oral administration of antiserum against PEDV to piglets was effective in preventing PEDV infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate to potective effects against transmissible gastyoenteritis virus (TGEV) infection in piglets by administration of the TGEV antiserum orally at 5 hrs, 24hrs and 36hrs after birth. five piglets administered the antiserum were experimentally infected with TGEV at four-day-old. Control group were four piglets infected with TGEV only. Serum antibody titers against TGEV were examined by serum neutralization(SN) test, dectection for TGEV or TGEV antigen from feces and small intestines was tested by reverse transcrption-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunoflurescence (IFA). The results obtained were as follows; 1. The piglets administered the TGEV antiserum showed higher antibody titers than those of control group and sustained during the experimental period. 2. The detection rate of TGEV in feces and small intestines by RT- PCR were 24.5% and 20.0% in TGEV antiserum treated group and 44.0% and 75.0% in control group, respectively. 3 The detection rate of TGEV antigen in the small intestine by IFA were 26.7% in TGEV antiserum treated group and 75.0% in control group, respectively. It was concluded that oral administration of antiserum against TGEV to piglets was effective in preventing TGEV infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2000

Coxiella burnetii (C burnetii) is the causative agent of Q fever in animal and human. The distribution of the disease has been documented around world. In this study we developed the competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(cELISA) and compared it with indirect immunofluorescent assay(IFA). A monoclonal antibody(Mab) against C burnetii and a peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgM were used as an indicator system competing against antibody in animal serum or as an indicater of the absence of antibody. Sera were considered antibody positive when the percentage inhibition index(PI index) is upper than 30. PI index is calculated as 100-[sample OD/Mab OD)${\times}100$]. Among 162 bovine serum samples, 23 samples were antibody positive both in cELISA and IFA. And 156 samples showed same results. From goat with experimentally induced infection with C burnetii the antibody was detected 20 days early in cELISA compared to IFA. On the basis of present findings, it was demonstrated that cELISA is a reliable diagnostic method for The detection of specific antibodies against C burnetii infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

In this study, to understand the pathogenesis of new rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDVa) serotype, we carried out to administrate RHDVa to rabbits, and to examine sequential electron microscopic changes and relationship between pathogenesis and apoptosis. TUNEL-positive cells began to be observed from 24 hours after inoculation (HAI) and the number of positive cells was slightly increased with the course of time. Whereas marked increase of positive cells was seen in the liver from the rabbits died acutely. Typical viral particles with cup-like projections and a diameter of 30~40 nm were detected in homogenized liver samples and tissues at 36 and 48, and 48 HAI, respectively. Ultrastructurally, glycogen deposition was observed from the first stage of hepatocellular degeneration by RHDVa infection and then, swelling and disruption of cristae of mitochondria by viral particles, swelling of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles and vesicles were detected. Condensation, margination and fragmentation of chromatin were observed in degenerative hepatocytes at 36 and 48 HAI, indicating apoptotic bodies. These data offer that hepatocytic apoptosis by RHDV infection could be closely related with mitochondrial impairment in the hepatocytes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 1985

A study was undertaken to observe the distribution and ultrastructure of the sensory papillae of the liver and lung flukes which was obtained from experimentally infected rats and dogs. For this study, the rats were artificially infected with metacercariae isolated from Pseudorasbora parve, and the dogs were artificially infected with metacercariae isolated from Cambaroides similis. The liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis) were collected from the bile ducts of the rats which were autopsied 5 weeks later since infection. The lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani) were collected from the lung of the dogs which were autopsied 3 months later since infection. With the collected worms, ultrastructure of sensory papillae was studied by means of a scanning and transmission electron microscope. The liver flukes were compared with the lung flukes. The results of the observation are as follows. 1. The sensory papillae of the liver flukes was classified into 3 types and most of sensory papillae were distributed on the oral sucker. 2. The sensory papillae of the lung flukes were distinguished 8 types. The sensory papilla type VIII was specifically distributed on the oral sucker and type I, II were distributed on the tegumental surface of the worm. The sensory papillae of the lung flukes were mostly observed between oral sucker and ventral sucker of the worm excusively 3. The sensory papillae of the liver flukes were distributed around the sucker while those of the lung flukes were developed between spine. 4. The sensory papillae were formed by many tegumental ridge in the liver flukes while was made of many small sensory papillae in the lung flukes. 5. The sensory cilia were observed between tegumental ridges in the sensory papilla of the liver flukes and also in lung flukes. And they are alike in that respect. 6. The sensory papillae were not developed in the posterior part of the liver and lung flukes but mostly nerve endings were formed in the tegumental syncytium, and it was connected with neuropile.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1987

In order to observe the feasibility of serologic diagnosis of metagonimiasis, saline extracts of metacercariae and 4-week old adults were prepared. Sera from 25 experimentally infected cats were collected from 3 days to 12 weeks after infection. Their levels of specific IgG antibody were measured by ELISA together with 3 sera from non-infected cats. Specific IgG antibody levels began to rise in 7 days after infection, reached their peak in 2-4 weeks and made a plateau thereafter. Cats infected with hundreds of adult worms showed minimal rise of the antibody level. Adult antigen was superior to metacercarial antigen in detecting the specific IgG antibody.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 1987

The development of antibody titers and crossreaction between Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma were investigated by means of IF A test and ELISA in pigs experimentally infected with $1.5{\times}10^6$ S. suicanis sporocysts and 10,000 T. gondii oocysts, respectively. The intact and soluble Sarcocystis antigens were prepared from the bradyzoites harvested by peptic digestion of infected pork. The intact and soluble Toxoplasma antigens were prepared from the tachyzoites in mouse peritoneal cavity. IgG antibodies in pigs infected with Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma, respectively were detected first at 2 weeks post infection on both IF A test and ELISA. The antibody titer to Toxoplasma reached its maximum at 6 weeks post infection and decreased thereafter. The antibody titer to Sarcocystis reached its maximum terminally. The cross-reaction titer in pigs infected with Toxoplasma against Sarcocystis antigen was up to 1 : 16 in IFA test and up to 1 : 32 in ELISA. The titer in control group was below 1 : 4 in both reactions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.45 no.2 s.142
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• pp.121-128
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• 2007

Arthrostoma miyazakiense (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) is a hookworm species reported from the small intestines of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Japan. Five Korean raccoon dogs (N. procyonoides koreensis) caught from 2002 to 2005 in Jeollanam-do (Province), a southeastern area of South Korea, contained helminth eggs belonging to 4 genera (roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, and Capillaria spp.) and cysts of Giardia sp. in their feces. Necropsy findings of 1 raccoon dog revealed a large number of adult hookworms in the duodenum. These hookworms were identified as Arthrostoma miyazakiense based on the 10 articulated plates observed in the buccal capsule and the presence of right-sided prevulval papillae. Eggs of A. miyazakiense were $60-65{\times}35-40{\mu}m$ (av, $62.5{\times}35{\mu}m$), and were morphologically indistinguishable from those of Ancyiostoma caninum. The eggs were cultured to infective 2nd stage larvae via charcoal culture, and 100 infective larvae were used to experimentally infect each of 3 mixed-bred puppies. All puppies harbored hookworm eggs in their feces on the 12th day after infection. This is the first report thus far concerning A. miyazakiense infections in raccoon dogs in Korea, and the first such report outside of Japan.