• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.335-343
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• 2019

Overtopping discharge for sea dike having low mound and high wave wall (LMHW sea dike) is investigated with hydraulic experiments in this study. Vertical, Flare and Bullnose type wave walls are selected and Tetrapods (double layer) and Accropode (one layer) are adopted for armour layers of the front slope. The results of the hydraulic experiments are compared to the overtopping formulas for armoured rubble slopes and vertical sea dikes suggested by EurOtop Manual. Predicted overtopping discharges are underestimated as the roughness efficiency factors (γ_f) of armour blocks suggested by EurOtop are adopted when the overtopping formula for armoured rubble slopes sea dike is used. Meanwhile the predicted overtopping discharges agree well with the hydraulic experiments when the modified roughness efficiency factors redefined by multiplying efficiency factor of the heights of armoured crest berm and wave wall (γ_AR) are adopted. Return wall effects on a vertical wall (Kortenhaus et al., 2003; Pearson et al., 2004a) and the effects on a smooth dike slope (Van Doorslaer et al., 2015) in EurOtop Manual are investigated for Flare and Bullnose type wave walls. As a results of the comparison between experimental results and 2 formulas, return wall effect on a smooth dike was more valid for LMHW sea dike.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.207-215
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• 2009

There has been a diversity of therapeutic interventions for patients with chronic low back pain. However most of them have been focused on only pain. But the patients usually have a kind of structurally abnormal have fixed in lumbar vertebrae, which can decrease range of joint movement and, what is worse, reduce immediate dynamic balancing ability(IDBA). The reduced IDBA can increase the risk of injury and decrease coping ability in dangerous situation. So we introduced Maitland's manual therapy in this study in order to recover the IDBA in patients with chronic low back pain. Sixty-four patients diagnosed with chronic low back pain were included for the study. Among them, thirty-two patients(experimental group) were managed by Maitland's manual therapy, another thirty-tow patients(control group) were treated by physical science methods(H/P, TENS, U/S). Each group made use of highly reliable(0.81$\sim$0.96) star excursion balance test(SEBT) to compare the possible changes of IDBAs in two groups after treatment. In experimental group, IDBA has increased in forward, rightward, leftward, and backward, but in control group, not changed. According to the results, we concluded that Maitland's manual therapy is effective for increasing IDBA by making joints more flexible in lumbar vertebrae.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1205-1213
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• 2008

Material is a factor for maximizing formative aspect among fashion design factors. Therefore, central axis of modern fashion is performing various trials for escaping from existing cloth and searching for artistic value. Especially, Korean paper is a formative material, which is manufactured through traditional manual work in Korea. The material is used in various fields on the basis of its aesthetic feature. Especially, fashion field performs handcraft activity on the basis of mulberry pulp, which is a prime material of Korean paper. Because the activity can be reinterpreted by world designers, who want to find motive of fashion material in the third world, it is necessary to perform experimental study for developing expressive form on the basis of diversity of Korean paper material. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to perform experimental study by focusing on the development of Korean paper material in order to express formative feature. The study purposes are as follows. The first purpose is to reinterprete the theory through actual work of fiber formation using Korean paper in the current flow where art and design field are fused and compromised. The second purpose is to suggest vision of material development on the basis of formative feature to fashion world focusing its eyesight to Asia and the third countries. The study results are as follows. First, Korean paper has been evaluated as proper material for the fusion of design and art because of its handicraft feature, long-term preservation, heat insulation, absorption, diversity and eastern feature. Second, the study performed various trials for artistic dress material by developing 12 Korean paper works and suggested the development of new material on the basis of formative feature of modem fashion industry.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

With the growing traffic density and increasing comfort requirements, the automation of the drive train will gain importance in vehicles. The automatic clutch actuation relieves the drivers especially in urban driving and stop-and-go traffic conditions. This paper describes the dynamic modeling of a clutch actuator and clutch spring. The dynamic model of the clutch system is developed using MATLAB/Simulink, and evaluated by experimental data using a test rig. This performance simulator is useful to develop the clutch-by-wire (CBW) system for an automated manual transmission (AMT). The electro-mechanical type CBW system is also implemented as an automatic clutch for AMT. The prototype of CBW system is designed and implemented systematically, which is composed of an electric motor, worm gear and slider-crank mechanism. The test rig is developed to perform the basic function test of the automatic clutch, and the developed prototype is validated by the experimental data on the test rig.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to measure intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and range of motion for measurement of passive shoulder internal rotation range of motion and to compare anterior glide distance of humeral head in three methods. Fifty healthy subjects and fifty patients with shoulder musculoskeletal pain were recruited for this study. The subjects' passive shoulder internal rotation range of motion was measured by visual estimation, manual stabilization, and pressure biofeedback unit methods. In two trials, measurements were performed on each subject by two examiners. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(3,1)) was used to determine the reliability of each measurement. The intra-rater reliability of the three methods was excellent (ICC=.77~.93) in both groups. The inter-rater reliability of the visual estimation method was poor (ICC=.20, .29), the manual scapular stabilization method was poor and fair (ICC=.09, .50), and the pressure biofeedback unit method was excellent (ICC .86, .75) in the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the difference of examined range of motion by each examiner was significant in the visual estimation method and manual scapular stabilization method, but there was an insignificant difference between the groups is the pressure biofeedback unit method. This result suggests that the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a pressure biofeedback unit was better than the other methods. The difference in distance of the anterior glide of humeral head was insignificant among all the methods. The pressure biofeedback unit method was the most reliable method, so it is proposed to be a new and reliable method to measure internal rotation range of motion.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the changes in muscle strength and walking ability in patients who complained of knee instability due to excessive pronation of the foot. METHODS: Twenty patients (ten men and ten women) who complained of instability of the knee joint due to excessive pronation of the foot participated in the experiment. In the experimental group, the internal rotation of the tibia caused by excessive adduction of the foot was maintained as external rotation, and the joint state was to recognize the movement of the joint position changed through maintenance of the muscle. This exercise was performed five times for each patient, and the muscle strength maintenance was performed for 20 seconds. In the control group, stretching and range of motion (ROM) exercises were performed. For the stretching exercise, one specific motion was performed for 20 second, and the ROM exercise was performed to confirm the change in muscle strength in the knee joint area and walking ability. RESULTS: The knee flexion and extension strength in the patients with excessive pronation of the foot differed significantly from those in the subjects from the control group (p<.05). Further, the before-after comparison of the step time and length in the evaluation of walking ability, which affects overall postural movement due to knee joint instability, revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The patients that were subjected to manual therapy and ROM exercise for the knee joint showed improved knee joint muscle strength and walking ability compared to the subjects from the control group.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

Background: Functional massage is a therapeutic massage that incorporates joint motion in non-end-range to reduce pain and improve range of motion (ROM) in patients. This study was aimed at investigating the immediate effect of functional massage on pain, range of motion, balance ability and, gait speed of patients having undergone total hip replacement. Methods: Twenty patients were treated by one participating orthopedic manual physical therapist and randomly assigned to the control group (n=10) or the experimental group (n=10). To treat patients of each group, functional massage and range of motion exercises were used. The experimental group received a functional massage and the control group received range of motion exercise for minutes for one session. The visual analog scale was used for pain assessment. Balance ability was measured using a timed up and go test and a one-leg standing test for patients. The 10-meter walk test was used for the measurement of gait speed assessment of patients. Results: Significant improvements were observed in terms of balance ability (p<.05), gait speed (p<.05), and ROM (p<.05) after functional massage. There was no significant inter-group difference (p>.05). Conclusion: Application of the functional massage showed that statistically significant improvements in ROM, gait speed, and balance ability after a single treatment session. This technique may be a useful treatment in patients having undergone total hip replacement.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1049-1055
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• 2023

The utilization of agricultural drones for pest control operations has been increasing due to its economic efficiency. However, variations in the effectiveness of these operations occur depending on the operator's proficiency. In this study, we applied a smart operating mode to overcome the limitations of manual flight mode and proposed a numerical model. Through comparative validation with prior research, we conducted experimental verification. As a result, we determined the spray time and calculation of spray area for each drone model. We selected a drone for pest control with a high similarity to the numerical model and verified it experimentally. Through this, we confirmed that the application of the smart operating mode is more effective in terms of calculation of spray area and operational efficiency compared to manual flight mode.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.997-1007
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a method for automatically analyzing the bone formation in a mouse model of frontal bone defect. We perforate two holes of 0.8mm diameter in the frontal bone and observe the bone formation process using a micro CT. Because the conventional analysis software of the micro CT does not support automatic analysis of the bone formation status, we have to use a manual analysis method. However the manual analysis is very cumbersome and requires a lot of time, we propose an automatic analysis method. It rotates the image around three axes directions so that the mouse's skull come into regular position. It calculates the cumulative image of the voxel values for the perforated bone surface. It estimates the hole location by finding the darkest point in the cumulative image. The proposed method was applied to 24 CT images of saline administration group and PTH administration group and hole location was estimated. BV/TV index was calculated for the estimated hole to evaluate the bone formation status. Experimental results showed that bone formation process is more active in PTH administration group. The method proposed in this paper could replace successfully the cumbersome and time consuming manual job.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.377-386
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the disinfection efficacy of root canal irrigation method and irrigation solution in infected root canals. Access cavity were prepared in single-rooted extracted human teeth and each canals were prepared with step-back method and sterilized with ethylene oxide gas. Prepared teeth were experimentally inoculated in the canals for 30 minutes with four aerobes(Streptococcus mutans, Stapylococcus aures, Streptococcus sanguis, and E. coli) and two anaerobes(Streptoccus intermedius, and Clostrium perfringens). Normal saline, 3% $H_2O_2$, and 3% NaOCl were used as irrgation solutions. And root canals were irrigated with each irrigation solutions manually with disposible syringe or ultrasonic instument. (Apoza Uitrasonc, Taiwan). The irrigation effect on the eradication of S. aures and S. intermedius with normal saline was not similar between manual method and ultrasonic method. No significant differences were observed in the eradication of E. coli and C. perfringens among the irrigation solution and irrespective of the irrigation methods. In S. aurues and S. mutans, there was somewhat different eradication effect according to irrigation solutions, but there was no significant difference between manual method and ultrasonic methods. These results suggest that ultrasonic irrigation method with saline is more effective in some strains than manual irrigation.