• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of die geometry on expansion index of extruded corn flour. Water solubility index, water absorption index and specific mechanical energy (SME) input were analyzed to observe the relationship with die geometry. The feed moisture content was 20 and 25%. Die dimensions were tapered angle (57, 95o) and length/diameter (L/D) ratio of die land (0.67, 1.67 and 2.67). The SME input was the highest at 20% moisture content and 2.23E-10 m3 die constant. The sectional and volumetric expansion indices at 20% moisture were increased with increase in die constant. However, die constant did not influence sectional expansion index of corn flour extrudate at 25% moisture content. The extruded corn flour at 25% moisture content had higher longitudinal expansion index than those of extruded corn flour at 20% moisture content. Sectional expansion and longitudinal expansion index were negatively correlated. The water absorption index and water solubility index were not affected with the die constant.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2002

By the use of Taylor's expansion formula with the integral remainder, an accurate approximation for the fiber refractive index profile is given.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.123-130
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• 1997

This paper presents a generalized expansion method for calculating reliability index in power generation systems. This generalized expansion with a gamma distribution is a very useful tool for the approximation of capacity outage probability distribution of generation system. The well-known Gram-Charlier expansion and Legendre series are also studied in this paper to be compared with this generalized expansion using a sample system IEEE-RTS(Reliability Test System). The results show that the generalized expansion with a composite of gamma distributions is more accurate and stable than Gram-Charlier expansion and Legendre series as addition of the terms to be expanded.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.139-155
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• 2009

This study investigates empirically the export competitiveness of Korea and Japan in America by calculating 4 indexes such as market share index(MSI), export similarity index(ESI), market comparative adventage index(MCAI) and market share expansion ratio(MSER)-export similarity deepening ratio(ESDR). The empirical finding of this analysis shows that Korea is competitive in the labor-intensive products and Japan in the technology-intensive products. This result also meets the general understandings that Japan is superior to Korea in the export competitiveness such as value added of goods, etc. Therefore, in order to strengthen the export competitiveness of Korea in the US market, it's desirable for our firms and government to improve the quality of product ranges by developing technologies focused on the higher value-added products.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.752-757
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• 2014

This paper attempts to evaluate the impact of power plant penetration on constraints of a transmission network and proposes a methodology based on risk level, which can evaluate the condition of the network and facilities intuitionally. Furthermore, based on this methodology, RLII(Risk Level Improvement Index) is proposed in order to establish comprehensive TNEP(Transmission Network Expansion Planning) from a viewpoint of ISO(Independent System Operator). In order to verify the proposed methods in this paper, real power systems in Incheon and Shiheung areas, south Korea are applied to the case study.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.78-88
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• 2024

Background: This study was to investigate effects of flat-back posture during inhalation compared to normal posture, focusing on the expansion of the chest and the activation of neck muscles. Design: Case-control study. Methods: Thirty subjects participated in this study. Plumb line distances and Sagittal index were measured using a ruler and a laser level in the standing position to evaluate and classify thoracic kyphosis of the subjects. Chest expansion was measured using a ruler, and surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activity around the neck and shoulders during inhalation. Correlation analysis and independent t-tests were conducted to compare chest expansion and muscle activity around the neck between subjects with flat-back posture and those with normal posture during inhalation. Results: The correlation analysis showed a statistically significant positive correlation between Sagittal index and chest expansion at the level of the xiphoid process (r=.558, p<.05), and a statistically significant negative correlation between Sagittal index and activity of the upper trapezius at the onset of inhalation (r=-.368, p<.05). Independent t-test results indicated significant differences between the flat-back posture group and the normal posture group in the circumference of the xiphoid process at rest (p<.05) and in the activity of the upper trapezius at the onset of inhalation (p<.05). Conclusion: Flat-back posture influences a decrease in chest expansion and at the same time increases the muscle activity of the upper trapezius muscle at the beginning of inspiration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 1997

The expansive properties of leaf tobacco by nitrogen gas was investigated with cut tobacco AB3O-1, CD3L-1(NC82). Major factors for the best expansion of the tobacco by the gas were an impregnated pressure and expansion temperature. The expansion rate for AB3O-1 and CD3L-1 at 250℃, 750kg/cm2 was 96.6%, 99.4% respectively. The shred size and fineness index at 96.6% of expansion rate for AB3O-1 was almost the same as at 58.3% for CD3L-1. The time reaching at equilibrium moisture under of RH 57% was 36hr in non-treated leaf tobacco, but it was 20hr in expanded tobacco. We confirmed that total sugar contents of leaf tobacco by the expansion was decreased with 9.3∼10.9%. Total alkaloid was decreased with 17.5∼21.1% and ether extracts was declined with 4.9∼9.3%. These results suggest that the expansion method of leaf tobacco by nitrogen gas is a useful method without any serious environmental troubles. Key words : expansion, nitrogen gas, heat treatment, tobacco.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.759-764
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• 2017

The paper is intended to explore the spatial relations between flooded buildings and urban expansion phenomena by employing urban expansion intensity index and hotspot analysis methods for the case of Gangneung. Two major results are as followed; first, flooding susceptible areas are found in the regions where the highly intense development occurs within a short period of time, so called pseudo-urbanization. Second, less flooded buildings exist in old towns where it is believed that there is the lack of urban infrastructure services. This study indicates the possibility that the highly intense development and pseudo-urbanization with a relatively short time period relate to flooded building events. In addition, the possibility leads to another issue that new developments might be increasing the flooding vulnerability worse than before, particularly, to the adjacent old towns. For the better understanding, it is desirable to have further related case studies in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.506-511
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• 2009

For the application of the photosensitive barrier ribs with optimal properties such as glass transition temperature, refractive index and coefficient thermal expansion, the boro-silicate glasses was studied. The glass transition temperature, coefficient thermal expansion, and refractive index of the glasses based on the $B_2O_3-Al_2O_3-Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ glass system have been investigated with the different ratio of BaO/$Na_2O$ and $B_2O_3/Na_2O$. Increasing the ratio of $B_2O_3/Na_2O$ was led to the increase of coefficient thermal expansion and the decrease of glass transition temperature. The increase of refractive index of boro-silicate glasses increased with the density of glasses. We suggest the empirical equation for the prediction of refractive index with the glass density, $n=0.123{\rho}+1.182$ with 0.042 as the standard deviation in the boro-silicate glass system. The aim of the present paper is to give a basic result of the thermal and optical properties for designing the composition of photosensitive barrier ribs in PDP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.779-803
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• 2023

The growth of digital news media and the stock price index has resulted in economic fluctuations in the fashion industry. This study examines the impact of fashion industry news and macroeconomic changes on the Textile & Wearing Apparel KOSPI over the past five years. An auto-regressive integrated moving average exogenous time series model was conducted using the fashion industry stock market index, the news topic index, and macro-economic indicators. The results indicated the topics of "Cosmetic business expansion" and "Digital innovation" impacted the Textile & Wearing Apparel KOSPI after one week, and the topics of "Pop-up store," "Entry into the Chinese fashion market," and "Fashion week and trade show" affected it after two weeks. Moreover, the topics of "Cosmetic business expansion" and "Entry into the Chinese fashion market" were statistically significant in the macroeconomic environment. Regarding the effect relation of Textile & Wearing Apparel KOSPI, "Cosmetic business expansion," "Entry into the Chinese fashion market," and consumer price fluctuation showed negative effects, while the private consumption change rate, producer price fluctuation, and unemployment change rate had positive effects. This study analyzes the impact of media framing on fashion industry business cycles and provides practical insights into managing stock market risk for fashion companies.