• 제목/요약/키워드: exopolysaccharide(EPS)

검색결과 90건 처리시간 0.026초

Chemical Composition and Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Effect of Nepeta curviflora Methanolic Extract against ESBL Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Haitham Qaralleh
    • 대한약침학회지
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.307-318
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: Bacterial biofilm is regarded as a significant threat to the production of safe food and the arise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the quorum sensing inhibitory effect of Nepeta curviflora methanolic extract. Methods: The effectiveness of the leaves at sub-inhibitory concentrations of 2.5, 1.25, and 0.6 mg/mL on the virulence factors and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa was evaluated. The effect of N. curviflora methanolic extract on the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa, including pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, protease, and chitinase, was evaluated. Other tests including the crystal violet assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swarming motility, aggregation ability, hydrophobicity and exopolysaccharide production were conducted to assess the effect of the extract on the formation of biofilm. Insight into the mode of antiquorum sensing action was evaluated by examining the effect of the extract on the activity of N-Acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) and the expression of pslA and pelA genes. Results: The results showed a significant attenuation in the production of pyocyanin and rhamnolipid and in the activities of protease and chitinase enzymes at 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL. In addition, N. curviflora methanolic extract significantly inhibited the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm by decreasing aggregation, hydrophobicity, and swarming motility as well as the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS). A significant reduction in AHL secretion and pslA gene expression was observed, indicating that the extract inhibited quorum sensing by disrupting the quorum-sensing systems. The quorum-sensing inhibitory effect of N. curviflora extract appears to be attributed to the presence of kaempferol, quercetin, salicylic acid, rutin, and rosmarinic acid, as indicated by LCMS analysis. Conclusion: The results of the present study provide insight into the potential of developing anti-quorum sensing agents using the extract and the identified compounds to treat infections resulting from quorum sensing-mediated bacterial pathogenesis.

Identification and Functional Analysis of the Chain Length Determinant Gene ste8 Involved in the Biosynthesis of Ebosin by Streptomyces sp. 139

  • Yang, Zhang;Li, Xiaohua;Qi, Xiaoqaing;Shan, Junjie;Jiang, Rong;Guo, Lianhong;Zhang, Ren;Li, Yuan
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제23권11호
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    • pp.1500-1508
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    • 2013
  • Ebosin, a novel exopolysaccharide produced by Streptomyces sp. 139, has obvious antirheumatic arthritis activity in vivo, and its biosynthesis gene cluster (ste), consisting of 27 open reading frames, has been identified. This paper reports our study of the gene functionality of ste8, the predicted protein product of which is homologous to some bacterial chain length determinant Wzz proteins. For characterization of Ste8, ste8 was cloned and expressed in the mutant strain E. coli 086:H2 (${\Delta}wzz$). The functional complementation of wzz by ste8 was demonstrated by the restoration of wild-type lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and increased levels of serum resistance of E. coli 086:H2 (${\Delta}wzz$) (pET30a-ste8). To examine the function of ste8 in ebosin biosynthesis, the gene was knocked out with a double crossover via homologous recombination. The molecular weight of the ebosin derivative EPS-8m produced by the mutant Streptomyces sp. 139 ($ste8^-$) was much lower than that of ebosin, and the binding activity of EPS-8m for IL-1R decreased significantly compared with ebosin. These results demonstrate that ste8 encodes a chain length determinant (Wzz) that functions in ebosin biosynthesis.

Anti-Biofilm Activity of Grapefruit Seed Extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

  • Song, Ye Ji;Yu, Hwan Hee;Kim, Yeon Jin;Lee, Na-Kyoung;Paik, Hyun-Dong
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제29권8호
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    • pp.1177-1183
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    • 2019
  • Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) is a safe and effective preservative that is used widely in the food industry. However, there are few studies addressing the anti-biofilm effect of GSE. In this study, the anti-biofilm effect of GSE was investigated against biofilm-forming strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The GSE minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. aureus and E. coli were $25{\mu}g/ml$ and $250{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. To investigate biofilm inhibition and degradation effect, crystal violet assay and stainless steel were used. Biofilm formation rates of four strains (S. aureus 7, S. aureus 8, E. coli ATCC 25922, and E. coli O157:H4 FRIK 125) were 55.8%, 70.2%, 55.4%, and 20.6% at $1/2{\times}MIC$ of GSE, respectively. The degradation effect of GSE on biofilms attached to stainless steel coupons was observed (${\geq}1$ log CFU/coupon) after exposure to concentrations above the MIC for all strains and $1/2{\times}MIC$ for S. aureus 7. In addition, the specific mechanisms of this anti-biofilm effect were investigated by evaluating hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production rate, and motility. Significant changes in EPS production rate and motility were observed in both S. aureus and E. coli in the presence of GSE, while changes in hydrophobicity were observed only in E. coli. No relationship was seen between auto-aggregation and biofilm formation. Therefore, our results suggest that GSE might be used as an anti-biofilm agent that is effective against S. aureus and E. coli.

Assessment of Potential Probiotic and Starter Properties of Pediococcus spp. Isolated from Turkish-Type Fermented Sausages (Sucuk)

  • Yuksekdag, Z. Nur;Aslim, Belma
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.161-168
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    • 2010
  • In this study, the metabolic activities of five strains of Pediococcus spp., in terms of the quantities they produced of lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, exopolysaccharides, and proteolytic activity, were determined. Lactic acid levels produced by these strains were found to be in the range of 2.5-5.6 mg/ml. All strains produced hydrogen peroxide. The P. pentosaceus Z13P strain produced the maximum amount (0.25 mg/ml) of proteolytic activity. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by the Pediococcus strains during growth in MRS (de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe) medium was in the range 25-64 mg/l. The susceptibility of 10 different antibiotics against these strains was also tested. All strains were found to be resistant to amoxicillin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. Antimicrobial effects of the Pediococcus spp. on pathogens were also determined by an agar diffusion method. All of the strains were able to inhibit L. monocytogenes. The tolerance of the strains to low pH, their resistance to bile salts of strains, and their abilities to autoaggregate and coaggregate with L. monocytogenes were also evaluated.

Exopolysaccharide 생성 유산균을 이용한 감초 추출물 첨가 Yoghurt의 품질특성 및 Helicobacter pylori KCCM 40449 억제활성 (Quality Characteristics and Inhibition Activity against Helicobacter pylori KCCM 40449 of Liquorice Yogurts Manufactured by Exopolysaccharide Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria)

  • 정승원;김철우;이수한
    • 산업식품공학
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.346-354
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    • 2011
  • Yoghurt는 쉽게 접할 수 있는 기호성 식품으로 생체 조절 기능을 갖는 기능성과 다양한 맛을 부여할 수 있는 퓨전성을 동시에 강화시킬 수 있기 때문에 여러 가지 기능성 소재들을 첨가하여 새로운 yoghurt를 개발하기 위한 연구가 활발하게 수행되고 있다. 본 연구는 probiotics 유산균이 생성하는 천연의 세포 외 다당류(EPS; exopolysaccharide) 를 이용하여 품질이 개선된 Helicobacter pylori을 억제하는 기능성 yoghurt를 제조하고자 우리나라의 식품공전에 식물성 재료로 허가되어 있어 사용 시 안전성에 문제가 없으며 전래된 여러 효능에 착안하여 감초를 이용한 기능성 yoghurt를 개발을 검토하였다. 감초 용매 추출물(1 mg/mL)의 H. pylori KCCM 40449에 대한 항균 활성을 측정한 결과, 40% methanol 추출물은 13.2${\pm}$0.6 mm, 40% ethanol 추출물은 14.0${\pm}$0.2 mm, 80% ethanol 추출물은 14.3${\pm}$0.3 mm, 40% isopropanol 추출물은 15.1${\pm}$0.3 mm의 생육저지환을 나타내었으며(p < 0.05), 최소 저해 농도(Minimum Inhibitory concentration: MIC)는 각 용매 추출물의 경우 25-100 ${\mu}g$/mL로 나타났다. 40% 에탄올 감초 추출물을 우유 배지에 0.05, 0.1, 0.2%(v/v)의 농도로 첨가하고 Lactobacillus amylovorus DU-21을 접종하여 37${^{\circ}C}$에서 72시간 동안 발효시키면서, yoghurt의 이화학적 특성 및 관능적 특성을 관찰하였다. pH는 균 접종 직후, 6.44-6.47에서 72시간 발효 후, 3.41-3.51를 나타내었으며, 적정산도는 0.109-0.111%에서 1.021-1.091%로 변화하였다. 점도와 syneresis를 측정한 결과, yoghurt의 점도는 발효 12시간까지 모든 실험구가 급격히 증가하였으며, 그 이후 24시간까지 증가 폭이 다소 둔화된 후, 72시간까지 완만한 증가 양상을 나타내었다. Syneresis는 발효 시간이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 72시간 발효 하였을 때, 감초추출물 0.2% 첨가구에서 12.0${\pm}$0.4%로 가장 적은 값을 나타내었다. 산생성이 진행됨에 따라 점도가 증가하였으며 syneresis가 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. Yoghurt의 Helicobacter pylori KCCM 40449에 대한 항균활성은 첨가군에서 항균활성이 뚜렷이 나타났다(p < 0.05). 이러한 결과는 yoghurt 상등액의 낮은 pH에 의한 영향이라기 보다는 발효 중, 생성된 항균성 물질과 첨가된 감초 추출물의 영향이라고 판단된다. 발효유의 관능 검사를 실시한 결과 모든 배양시간에서 첨가구들이 대조구에 비하여 낮은 점수를 받았다(p < 0.05). 이는 감초 특유의 향과 맛에 대해 익숙하지 않는 점과 과도한 산 생성으로 인해 오히려 기호도를 낮춘 것으로 사료된다. 관능검사 결과, 40% 에탄올 감초 추출물을 0.05% 함유한 yoghurt의 향, 맛, 조직감, 색택 및 전반적인 기호도가 다른 처리군에 비하여 월등히 높았다. 이에 감초 추출물을 함유한 yoghurt의 제조 시, 적절한 감초 추출물의 배합비율은 총 중량대비 0.05%인 것으로 판단된다. 식물자원에는 다양한 생리활성물질들이 서로 상호작용하면서 혼합되어 있는 형태로 다양한 질환에 대한 조합치료 (combination therapy)에 이용될 수 있으며, 생체 내에서 다중 타겟에 영향을 미치므로 식물작원에 함유되어 있는 다양한 성분이 함유되어 있는 조추출물(crude extract), 용매분획물(solvent fraction)을 의약품으로 이용하거나, 이로부터 분리된 단일성분 화합물 또는 이에 대한 유도체를 합성하여 새로운 의약품에 대한 개발이 시도되고 있다. 감초의 지표성분이며, H. pylori에 대한 항균활성이 있는 glycyrrhizin은 비당질의 고감미에 속하는 천연 감미료로서 설탕의 약200배의 감미를 가지고 있으며, 항산화성을 가지고 있어서 식품 성분의 산화를 방지하여 품질을 안정화시키는 작용을 하는 것으로 알려져 있기 때문에 H. pylori 억제능 이외의 부수적인 효능을 볼 수 있을 것이다. 기호성이 유지되면서 항균활성이 강화된 기능성 yoghurt 의 개발을 위해서는 감초 추출물 0.2% 이상 첨가할 수 있도록 적절한 향을 조합하거나, 항균효과와 기호성을 개선 할 수 있는 생약제를 이용하여 감초 추출물의 항균 활성을 강화하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

상황버섯(Phellinus linteus) 균사체 액체발효물의 항염증 활성 (Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Liquid Fermentation by Phellinus linteus Mycelium)

  • 신현영;김훈;정은진;김현경;손승우;서민근;김나리;서형주;유광원
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.487-497
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    • 2021
  • To investigate the industrial availability of liquid fermentation (PL-ferment) by Phellinus linteus mycelium as a postbiotics for the inhibition of inflammation, PL-ferment was fractionated into culture supernatant (CS), hot-water extract (HW) from PL-ferment, EtOH-precipitate (CP) fractionated from HW, and the dialysate (DCP) of CP. Compared to the other fractions, DCP which is expected to contain exopolysaccharide (EPS) as the major component, significantly decreased the production of NO, IL-6, and MCP-1 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and IL-6 and IL-8 in TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells. The general component analysis results showed that no significant difference in components was observed between the fractions, whereas sugar composition analysis revealed that DCP had decreased glucose and increased mannose contents compared to the other fractions. This suggests that mannose played an important role in the anti-inflammatory activity of the active fraction, DCP. Molecular weight distribution analysis revealed that DCP was mainly composed of low-molecular-weight material-removed high-molecular-weight polysaccharides of 18-638 kDa, suggesting that EPS originated from P. linteus EPS. In conclusion, our results suggest that the DCP of P. linteus mycelium fermentation using the anti-inflammatory activity could be used industrially as postbiotic material.

Swelling and Pasting Properties of Non-Waxy Rice Flour/Food Gum Systems

  • Song, Ji-Young;An, Young-Hyun;Kim, Jae-Suk;Choi, Jung-Do;Kim, Young-Chang;Shin, Mal-Shick
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.207-213
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    • 2006
  • The effects of gellan gum (from S. paucimobilis), EPS-CB (exopolysaccharide from S. chungbukensis), and a series of commercial gums (arabic gum, xanthan gum, guar gum, deacyl gellan gum), on the swelling, rheological, and pasting properties of non-waxy rice flour dispersions were investigated. The swelling properties of rice flours in gellan or guar gum dispersion after heating were found to have increased with increasing gum concentrations, but the swelling properties of rice flour/other gum systems decreased with increasing concentrations. The rice flour/gum mixtures showed high shear-thinning flow behavior (n=0.14-0.32), and consistency index (K) was higher in guar gum than other gum dispersions. The initial pasting temperatures and peak times increased along with increasing gum concentration. The peak viscosity of rice flour increased in guar gum and deacyl gellan dispersions, and the breakdown and setback viscosity of the rice flour paste was lowest in the xanthan gum system, but remained higher than those of the control. The apparent viscosities of the rice flour/gellan gum mixture pastes were the highest among the tested combinations.

Effect of Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 on Growth Promotion and Alleviation of Heat and Drought Stresses in Chinese Cabbage

  • Shin, Da Jeong;Yoo, Sung-Je;Hong, Jeum Kyu;Weon, Hang-Yeon;Song, Jaekyeong;Sang, Mee Kyung
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.178-187
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    • 2019
  • Plants are exposed to biotic stresses caused by pathogen attack and complex abiotic stresses including heat and drought by dynamic climate changes. To alleviate these stresses, we investigated two bacterial stains, H26-2 and H30-3 in two cultivars ('Ryeokkwang' and 'Buram-3-ho') of Chinese cabbage in plastic pots in a greenhouse. We evaluated effects of bacterial strains on plant growth-promotion and mitigation of heat and drought stresses; the role of exopolysaccharides as one of bacterial determinants on alleviating stresses; biocontrol activity against soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum PCC21. Strains H26-2 and H30-3 significantly increased fresh weights compared to a $MgSO_4$ solution; reduced leaf wilting and promoted recovery after re-watering under heat and drought stresses. Chinese cabbages treated with H26-2 and H30-3 increased leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content and reduced stomatal opening after stresses treatments, in addition, these strains stably colonized and maintained their populations in rhizosphere during heat and drought stresses. As well as tested bacterial cells, exopolysaccharides (EPS) of H30-3 could be one of bacterial determinants for alleviation of tested stresses in Chinese cabbages, however, the effects were different to cultivars of Chinese cabbages. In addition to bacterial activity to abiotic stresses, H30-3 could suppress incidence (%) of soft rot in 'Buram-3-ho'. The tested strains were identified as Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Taken together, H26-2 and H30-3 could be candidates for both plant growth promotion and mitigation of heat and drought stresses in Chinese cabbage.

김치 종류에 따른 유산균의 생물학적 및 기능적 특성 (Biological and Functional Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Different Kimchi)

  • 고강희;유문려;이현희;은걸;김인철
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2013
  • 갓김치, 배추김치, 열무김치, 깍두기로부터 348종의 유산균을 분리하여 각 김치 종류에 따른 유산균의 특징을 확인하였다. 열무김치의 유산균은 다른 3종의 김치에 비해 간균+단간균:구균의 비가 5.6:1로 구균의 함량이 적었다. Leuconostoc 속으로 추정되는 구균의 함량은 4종의 김치가 모두 유사하였으나 Lactobacillus 속으로 추정되는 간균과 단간균의 함량은 깍두기에서 60.7%로 높게 나타났다. 다른 김치에 비해 배추김치 유래 유산균 중 18.7%가 plasmid가 없었으나 plasmid를 지닌 유산균 중에는 열무김치 유래 유산균에 평균 $4.1{\pm}0.5$개의 plasmid bands가 나타났다. 세포 외 다당(EPS)을 5 mg/mL 이상 생산하는 유산균은 무를 주재료로 한 깍두기와 열무김치에 각각 11.1%, 10.9%로 갓김치와 배추김치보다 많았지만 배추김치 유래 유산균이 $8.4{\pm}2.0mg/mL$의 EPS를 생산해 다른 김치 유래 유산균들보다 1 mg이상 높았다. 갓김치에는 V. parahaemolyticus에 대한 항균력을 지닌 유산균이 많은 반면 열무김치, 배추김치, 깍두기에서 Bacillus 속, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium에 대해 항균력을 지닌 유산균이 갓김치보다 2배 이상으로 나타났다. 열무김치와 깍두기 유래 유산균 중 43.3%, 45.5%가 내산성을 지녔으며, 특히 깍두기의 유산균 중 36.3%가 내담즙성을 나타내 다른 김치보다 많았다. Caco-2 세포에 대한 장내부착능을 지닌 유산균은 18.6%의 비율로 갓김치에 가장 많았다. 이러한 결과에서 볼 때, 김치에 함유된 유산균은 종이 한정적임에도 불구하고 김치 종류에 따라 각 김치에 함유된 유산균의 생물학적 특징에 차이가 있었으며, 특히 내산성, 내담즙성, 장내부착능을 지닌 유산균이 김치에 따라 차이가 나타남으로써 본 연구의 결과가 프로바이오틱 기능성을 지닌 유산균을 선별하는데 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

김치로부터 분리한 유산균 Leuconostoc kimchii GJ2가 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Leuconostoc kimchii GJ2 Isolated from Kimchi (Fermented Korean Cabbage) on Lipid Metabolism in High Cholesterol-Fed Rats)

  • 이재준;이유미;김아라;장해춘;이명렬
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.760-768
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    • 2008
  • EPS 생성 유산균인 Leu. kimchii GJ2의 생리활성 효능을 구명하기 위하여 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여한 흰쥐에게 Leu. kimchii GJ2 투여로 고지혈증 개선효과를 조사하였다. 체중증가율, 식이섭취량 및 식이효율은 실험군 간의 차이가 없었으나, 체중당 간의 무게는 고콜레스테롤식이군 (HCD)이 다른 실험군들에 비하여 유의하게 증가되었다. 고콜레스테롤식이 급여로 증가된 혈청 중 GOT 및 ALP 활성은 Leu. kimchii GJ2 투여 병합투여로 활성이 감소되었으며, Leu. kimchii GJ2 투여 용량이 증가할수록 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 중 중성지방과 인지질 함량은 실험군 간에 유의차가 없었으나, 총콜레스테롤 함량은 고콜레스테롤식이군(HCD군, HCD-LKL군 및 HCD-LKH군)들 간에 유의차를 보여 Leu. kimchii GJ2 투여 용량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 고콜레스테롤식이와 Leu. kimchii GJ2 병합투여한 HCD-LKL군과 HCD-LKH군은 HCD군에 비하여 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 증가하였으나, LDL-콜레스테롤 함량, 심혈관위험지수 및 동맥경화지수는 유의하게 저하되었다. Leu. kimchii GJ2 투여 용량이 증가할수록 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 농도 의존적으로 증가하였고, LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 저하되었다. 간조직 중 총콜레스테롤 및 중성 지방 함량은 HCD군이 ND군에 비하여 유의하게 증가되었으며, 고콜레스테롤식이와 Leu. kimchii GJ2 병합투여한 HCD-LKL군과 HCD-LKH군은 HCD군에 비하여 Leu. kimchii GJ2 투여 용량 의존적으로 저하되었다. 지방조직의 HR-LPL과 TE-LPL 활성은 HCD군이 다른 군들에 비하여 증가하였으며, Leu. kimchii GJ2 투여 용량이 증가할수록 HR-LPL과 TE-LPL 활성 모두 유의하게 저하되었다. 이상의 결과 Leu. kimchii GJ2은 고콜레스테롤식이 급여로 증가 되어진 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량을 감소시키고, 감소되어진 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량을 증가시킴으로써 혈청 지질을 저하시키며, 간기능 보호효과가 있는 것으로 확인되어 고지혈증 예방과 치료에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다. Leu. kimchii GJ2의 이러한 효과는 Leu. kimchii GJ2가 EPS를 생성하여 유산균 본래의 기능인 장 운동 개선효과와 식이섬유소처럼 작용하여 지질의 장내에서의 흡수를 저해했기 때문이라 사료된다.