• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1993

The Cotton fabric was dyed with various directd dyes, and then treated with copper sulfate or copper sulfate/thiourea. Munsell color system, dye exhaustion, tensile strength, light fastness, washing fastness and rubbing fastness were investigated for the treated fabrics. The results obtaind are as follows: 1. The color variation of the cotton-dyed fabric by aftertreatment with copper sulfate was shown redish, but original color with copper sulfate/thiourea. 2. Copper sulfate/thiourea was much more effective than copper sulfate only to increase the light fastness, washing fastness and rubbing fastness. 3. Dye exhaustion of the cotton-dyed fabric by aftertreatment with copper sulfate was decreased about 20% more than those of untreated. 4. Tensile stregth of cotton-dyed fabric by aftertreatment with copper sulfate/thiourea was decrease about 10% more than those of untreated.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.262-270
• /
• 2013

Temporarily solubilized reactive disperse dyes containing ${\beta}$-sulfatoethylsulfonyl group were applied to 100% meta-aramid knitted fabric and their dyeing properties were investigated. Reactive disperse dyes showed relatively high K/S values on meta-aramid fabric when compared with conventional disperse dye or reactive dye, which showed very low K/S values. Color yields of reactive disperse dyes were highly dependent on dyeing pH and optimum results were obtained at pH 6. Percent exhaustion of reactive disperse dye on meta-aramid fabric was over 80% at 2% o.w.f of dye concentration. Wash fastness of pyridone-based reactive disperse dyes was very good to excellent while that of aminoazobenzene reactive disperse dyes was medium to good. Light fastness of all the reactive disperse dyes was very poor which seems to be due to the low photostability of meta-aramid fiber itself.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.18 no.2 s.87
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2006

The photosensitive spiroxazine compound and the electrosensitive viologen compound were prepared to examine their practical application feasibilities and behaviors. These dyes represent corresponding chromism effects related to their own characteristics of the dye molecules. Thus, the prepared dyes were characterized and their absorption spectra were also investigated. Besides, an interest on direct spiroxazine exhaustion to the polyamide substrates and its photochromic effects within the fiber molecules were determined. The photochromic reaction on the substrates was clearly observed and its reversible decoloration behaviors responded.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2001

Fundamental studies at the CSIRO division of Wool technology and ICI on the diffusion of dyes into wool〔1,2〕have let to development of a new approach to wool dyeing. In this method, the cell membrane complex of wool is modified before dyeing by treatment under mildly alkaline conditions with a special chemicals. Wool pretreated with ethoxylated quaternary ammonium salt has an increased rate of dyebath exhaustion and dye penetration early in the dyeing cycle. This enables the treated material to be dyed below the boil for a similar time to the conventional cycle. This technique can be used on untreated and shrinkresist-treated wool and wool/nylon blends. In addition to good macro-levelness and excellent coverage of tippiness, the low temperature dyeing process give higher exhaustion levels of dyestuffs and insect-resist agent and hence cleaner effluent liquors, compared with conventional dyeing process. Low Temperature Dyeing process cause significantly less fiber damage than conventional way. The reduction in damage is reflected in improved processing performance of the dyed wool.

• Fibers and Polymers
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.169-173
• /
• 2006

Six nano disperse dyes were prepared using corresponding O/W nanoemulsions which were obtained with sodium laurylsulphate and caprylic triglyceride. The average particle size of the dyes prepared were in the range of $110{\sim}130nm$. Exhaust dyeing using nano dyes resulted in low exhaustion yields of $17{\sim}26%$ on regular polyester fiber and $28{\sim}38%$ on ultramicrofiber polyester. The observed low exhaustion yields of nano disperse dye can be explained by the solubilization of dye particles into surfactant micelles as well as the high stability of the nanoemulsions, these might reduce the capacity of dye uptake onto the fibers. However, higher K/S values of dyeings with nano dyes on ultramicrofiber sites compared to those on regular polyester sites suggested their potential to be more efficient dyes for finer denier microfiber polyesters.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.20 no.9
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2015

The purpose of tis study is to analyze the effects of job embeddedness on job burnout related with social worker's turnover. This study suggests some implications for decreasing the level of social worker's job burnout. In this study, embeddedness is composed of three sub-variables like fit, links, and sacrifice. Job burnout is also composed of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decrease of personal accomplishment. Thereafter, research model is established, and study hypothesis is tested through the survey. As a result, it showed that the components of job embeddedness have significant effects on the components of job burnout. Based on the result of this empirical analysis, this study suggested some theoretical and political implications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.171-172
• /
• 2015

Recently, it is the global warming phenomenon because of the greenhouse gas exhaustion caused by and the environment problem is serious. And it is the situation where the problem of the exhaustion of resource because of the indiscriminate picking of the that is the raw material of the cement, limestone and natural aggregate are emphasized. In addition, thus the cement reduction amount of use and substitute material research is the urgent actual condition with the gas emission, which here it is generated in conducting compression molding in the building stone manufacturing process performance degradation phenomenon and fire resistance, and problem of the durability. Therefore, in this research, the waste porcelain is applied to the artificial stone and the durability property of the artificial stone according to it tries to be investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2014.11a
• /
• pp.51-52
• /
• 2014

Recently, it is the global warming phenomenon because of the greenhouse gas exhaustion caused by and the environment problem is serious. And it is the situation where the problem of the exhaustion of resource because of the indiscriminate picking of the that is the raw material of the cement, limestone and natural aggregate are emphasized. In addition, thus the cement reduction amount of use and substitute material research is the urgent actual condition with the gas emission, which here it is generated in conducting compression molding in the building stone manufacturing process performance degradation phenomenon and fire resistance, and problem of the durability. Therefore, in this research, because of being the magnesia phosphate ceramics, the waste porcelain is applied and the anti-wearing character of the artificial stone according to it tries to be investigated.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.23-46
• /
• 2004

Tax exhaustion effect hypothesis says that firms with low expected marginal tax rates on their interest deductions employ less debt in their capital structure. We use logit analysis to study how financing decision is related to tax after controlling non tax effects. We treat non debt tax shields as proxy of marginal corporate tax rates which affect the probability of using the deductibility of debt tax shields and empirically test the tax effect on financing decision in Korea. In conclusion, we provide evidence that debt financing is positively related to tax in the former sub-period. This results partially support for tax exhaustion effect hypothesis and low tax rate firms have lower debt levels than high tax rate firms.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.39-57
• /
• 2015

Ever since Hochschild (1983) introduced the concept of emotional labor in the workplace, it has constantly interested researchers due to its impact on employees' well-being as well as organizational outcomes. However, a thorough understanding of emotional labor and its relationship with various outcomes in sales people is not yet realized. In a systemic approach to the concept using quantitative methods is still necessary. The present study treats emotional labor as two factors (e.g. emotive dissonance and emotive effort). The psychological and behavioral outcomes of each sub-construct of emotional labor are investigated within a parsimonious framework. The findings suggest that emotional dissonance affected job satisfaction, while emotive effort had a significant influence on emotional exhaustion and job performance.