• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 1997

A peripheral nerve when approximation of the ends imparts tension at the anastomosis and with a relatively long segment defect after excision of neuroma and neurofibroma cannnot be repaired by early primary suture. The one of the optimistic reconstruction method of severed peripheral nerves is to restore tension-free continuity at the repair site putting an autogenous nerve graft into the neural gap despite of ancipating motor or sensory deficit of the donor nerve area. To overcome the deficit of the autogenous nerve graft, several other conduits supplying a metabolically active environment which is able to support axon regeneration and progression, providing protection against scar invasion, and guiding the regrowing axons to the distal stump of the nerve have been studied. An author have used ipsilateral femoral vein, ipsilateral femoral vein filled with fresh thigh muscle, and autogenous sciatic nerve for the sciatic nerve defect of around 10 mm in length to observe the regeneration pattern in rat by light and electron microscopy. The results were as follows. 1. Light microscopically regeneration pattern of nerve fibers in the autogenous graft group was more abundant than vein graft and vein filled with muscle group. 2. On ultrastructural findings, the proxial end of the graft in various groups showed similar regenerating features of the axons, myelin sheaths, and Schwann cells. The fascicular arrangement of the myelinated and unmyelinated fibers was same regardless of the type of conduits. There were more or less increasing tendency in the number and the diameter of myelinated fibers correlated with the regeneration time. 3. In the middle of the graft, myelinated nerve fibers of vein filled with muscle group were more in number and myelin sheath was thinner than in the venous graft, but the number of regenerating axons in autogenous nerve graft was superior to that in both groups of the graft. The amount of collagen fibrils and amorphous materials in the endoneurial space was increased to elapsed time. 4. There was no difference in regenerating patterns of the nerve fibers of distal end of the graft. The size and shape of the myelinated nerve fbers were more different than that of proximal and middle portion of the graft. From the above results, the degree of myelination and regenerating activity in autogenous nerve is more effective and active in other types of the graft and there were no morphological differences in either ends of the graft regardless of regeneration time.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7303-7307
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of gemcitabine concomitant with nedaplatin and drug resistance in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and associated molecular predicators. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 patients diagnosed with NSCLC by histology served as the study objects and were randomly divided into an observation group treated with gemcitabine concomitant with nedaplatin and a control group with cisplatin concomitant with gemcitabine, 34 cases for each group. Short-term and long-term efficacies, adverse responses as well as the expression of nucleotide excision repair cross complementing 1 (ERCC1), ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) and lung resistance-related protein (LRP) in NSCLC tissues in both groups were assessed. Results: The short-term objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 35.3% (12/34) and 76.5% (26/34) in the observation group and 38.2% (13/34) and 85.3% (29/34) in the control group, respectively, the differences not being statistically significant. The time to progression (TTP) in both groups were 1~12 months, while the median TTP was 135 d and 144 d, respectively. Though the survival was slightly higher in the control group, there were no significant differences in TTP and survival time. The rates of decreased hemoglobin, vomiting and nausea as well as renal toxicity were evidently lower in the observation group, while other adverse responses demonstrated no significant difference. The positive expression rates of ERCC1, RRM1 and LRP were 47.1% (16/34), 61.8% (21/34) and 64.7% (22/34) in the observation group, respectively. Compared with negative ERCC1 expression, ORR had decreasing trend and the overall survival time (OS) decreased significantly in patients with positive ERCC1 expression, which were markedly decreased by the positive expressions of RRM1 and LRP. Conclusions: Gemcitabine concomitant with nedaplatin has significant effects in the treatment of NSCLC, with an adverse response rate obviously lower than for cisplatin concomitant with gemcitabine, suggesting that wider use in the clinic is warranted. Additionally, the positive expressions of ERCC1, RRM1 and LRP may increase patient drug resistance, so they can be applied as the chemotherapeutic predicators to guide individualized therapy of NSCLC patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2185-2193
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• 2016

Background: The pathogenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced by the patient genetic background and environmental factors. Based on prior understanding, these are classified in two major pathways of genetic instability. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and CPG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) are categorized as features of the hypermethylated prototype, and chromosomal instability (CIN) is known to be indicative of the non-hypermethylated category. Secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2), APC1A in WNT signaling pathway and the DNA repair gene, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), are frequently hypermethylated in colorectal cancer. Detection of methylated DNA as a biomarker by easy and inexpensive methods might improve the quality of life of patients with CRC via early detection of cancer or a precancerous condition. Aim: To evaluate the rate of SFRP2 and MGMT hypermethylation in both polyp tissue and serum of patients in south Iran as compared with matched control normal population corresponding samples. Materials and Methods: Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect hypermethylation in DNA extracted from 48 polypoid tissue samples and 25 healthy individuals. Results: Of total polyp samples, 89.5% had at least one promoter gene hypermethylation. The most frequent methylated locus was SFRP2 followed by MGMT-B (81.2 and 66.6 percent respectively). Serologic detection of hypermethylation was 95% sensitive as compared with polyp tissue. No hypermethylation was detected in normal tissue and serum and its detection in patients with polyps, especially of serrated type, was specific. Conclusions: Serologic investigation for detection of MGMT-B, SFRP2 hypermethylation could facilitate prioritization of high risk patients for colonoscopic polyp detection and excision.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

Purpose: In the finger, there are three major palmar arches in the arterial system. The location of this arches are constant. The middle and distal transverse arches are consistently large (almost 1 mm) and may be used for arterial vessel repairs either proximally or distally, depending on the length and direction needed. This paper describes our experiences in reconstruction and replantation of the finger using rerouting the transverse digital palmar arch. Methods: 31 patients with injuries according to our classification were treated from March of 2005 to October of 2008. In this study the authors subdivided injuries into those with amputation distal to the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus (Class I, 31 fingers); those with amputation distal to the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis (Class II, 4 fingers). Replantation was performed using the artery-only technique with neither vein nor nerve repair. Because the artery has been damaged, it is still possible to make a direct suture by transposing the arterial arch in an inverted Y to I arterial configuration or converting the arch. Venous drainage was provided by an external bleeding method with partial nail excision, medical leech, and repaired margin. Results: The success rate was 87% (n=27) in class I and 75% (n=4) in class II. The authors conclude that crushing and complete avulsion injuries & amputations are salvageable, with acceptable functional results in select patients, especially those with amputation distal to the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis. Conclusion: We performed replantation and reconstruction with only-arterial transposing anastomosis successfully, resulting in good recovery of aesthetic and functional outcome. Three major digital palmar arches, especially distal two branches, give us additional treatment options. In the finger replantation and reconstructive techniques using rerouting healthy the transverse digital palmar arch increase the survival rate of the finger.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.203-218
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• 1980

Unscheduled DNA synthesis, chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and DNA replication inhibition induced by the combined treatments with ara-C and UV-light or MMS in $HF_1$, CHO and $HelaS_3$ cells were studied, and the results obtained were as follows: (1) Ara-C was found to inhibit UV-or MMS-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis and the inhibitory effect of ara-C was more remarkable in its post-treatment. (2) Ara-C enhanced the rate of chromosome aberrations induced by MMS or UV-light. Post-treatment with ara-C exhibited the synergistic effect on MMS-induced chromosome aberrations mainly by increases of chromatid deletions. (3) Contrarily, ara-C did not increase the rate of sister chromatid exchanges, particularly in the pre-treatment with MMS, although it was found to induce sister chromatid exchanges. (4) The rate of DNA synthesis was declined immediately after are-C treatment and then recovered. The combined treatments with ara-C and UV-light or MMS showed that the initial response on replication inhibition was similar to that of ara-C, but later responses were similar to that of UV-light or MMS treated group.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.905-909
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• 2007

The dual-function protein redox factor-1 (Ref-1) is essential for base excision repair of oxidatively damaged DNA and also governs the activation of many redox-sensitive transcription factors. We examined the role of Ref-1 in regulation of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis employing adenoviral-mediatedoverexpression of Ref-1 in bradykinin-stimulated endothelial cells. Intracellular NO was detected with the NO-sensitive fluorophore DAF-2. Overexpression of Ref-1 potentiates bradykinin-stimulated NO production in endothelial cells. And, cells ifected with AdRef-1 showed higher fluorescence intensity compared with uninfected or AdD1312-infected cells. In parallel with this, over expression of Ref-1 also stimulated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) enzyme activity, compared with unifected or AdD1312-infected cells, in bradykinin-stimulated cells as well as in unstimulated cells. These results suggest that Ref-1 implicates in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation resulting from NO production in vascular system.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.527-537
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• 2007

To evaluate criteria, indications, and prognosis of the various reconstructive methods on the patients with intraoral soft tissue defect who had been treated at Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital from 2003 to 2005, we have reviewed the clinical data of the patients and analysed. The results were as follows: 1. Tongue flaps have been mainly applied on anterior portion of palate and maxilla. The survival rate was high percent, but the cooperation of patient was inevitable for the success. 2. Palatal mucosa rotational flaps were available on relative large defect on palate, oroantral fistula site. The side effect was a scaring band from secondary healing on denuded donor palate site. Sometimes the band came to be a hinderance to swallowing, phonation. 3. Forearm free flap was a workhorse flap for everywhere in intraoral defects. We had used the flap on cheek, floor of mouth, tongue without any significant complications. But the application of the flap was required for long operation time, which was disadvantageous to the old, weak patients. 4. Cervical platysmal flap could be easily applicable for buccal cheek, floor of mouth after excision of the cancer lesion. The design of the flap could be made simultaneously on neck dissection, but the danger of cancer remnants on the flap always might be remained. 5. Buccal fat pad pedicled flap must have been a primary flap for repair of oroantral fistula especially on posterior maxilla. The flap survival will be expected if the considerations for above reconstructive methods on site, size, condition of defects primarily could be made.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1583-1590
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• 2006

T4 endonuclease V (T4 endo V) [EC 3. 1. 25. 1], found in bacteriophage T4, is responsible for excision repair of damaged DNA. The enzyme possesses two activities: a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer DNA glycosylase (CPD glycosylase) and an apyrimidic/apurinic endonuclease (AP lyase). T4 denV (414 bp cDNA) encoding T4 en do V (138 amino acid) was synthesized and expressed using either an expression vector, pTriEx-4, in E. coli or a baculovirus AcNPV vector, pBacPAK8, in insect cells. The recombinant His-Tag/T4 endo V (rHis-Tag/T4 endo V) protein expressed from bacteria was purified using one-step affinity chromatography with a HiTrap Chelating HP column and used to make rabbit anti-His-Tag/T4 endo V polyclonal antibody for detection of recombinant T4 endo V (rT4 endo V) expressed in insect cells. In the meantime, the recombinant baculovirus was obtained by cotransfection of BacPAK6 viral DNA and pBP/T4 endo V in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) insect cells, and used to infect Sf21 cells to overexpress T4 endo V protein. The level of rT4 endo V protein expressed in Sf21 cells was optimized by varying the virus titers and time course of infection. The optimal expression condition was set as follows; infection of the cells at a MOI of 10 and harvest at 96 h post-infection. Under these conditions, we estimated the amount of rT4 endo V produced in the baculovirus expression vector system to be 125 mg/l. The rT4 endo V was purified to homogeneity by a rapid procedure, consisting of ion-exchange, affinity, and reversed phase chromatographies, based on FPLC. The rT4 endo V positively reacted to an antiserum made against rHis-Tag/T4 endo V and showed a residual nicking activity against CPD-containing DNA caused by UV. This is the first report to have T4 endo V expressed in an insect system to exclude the toxic effect of a bacterial expression system, retaining enzymatic activity.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.401-411
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the wound healing effect of skin regeneration cosmetics utilizing low molecular weight Polydeoxynucleotide (PDRN). High purity PDRN was prepared from salmon testes poly-deoxy-ribonucleotide through protein and toxin removal process and molecular weight reduction. In order to evaluate the wound healing effect of PDRN in SD rats, 4 sites of dorsal skin of each animal were excised by using biopsy punch and $500{\mu}L$ of test solution was topically applied once daily for 4 weeks. The tissue changes were observed for every week during the application periods. After applying the PDRN to the wound, the skin was cut flower and contraction of the wounds more quickly, and the coating of PDRN in the wound area was reduced significantly as compared to the positive control group $Fucidin^{(R)}$ applied. The microscopic observation of stained tissue showed that a positive control was most rapid in re-epithelialization ability followed by the PH group, PDRN group, HA group. In addition, transforming growth factor ($TGF-{\beta}$) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), such as in the growth factor was similar to the results of staining of tissue lesions. In conclusion, it is determined that the low molecular weight PDRN has the therapeutic effect to the wound, and could be used as a functional material of cosmetics and medical industries.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.929-943
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• 2024

Objective: The present study was executed to explore the molecular mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) gene in bovine adipogenesis. Methods: The bovine FGF10 gene was overexpressed through Ad-FGF10 or inhibited through siFGF10 and their negative control (NC) in bovine adipocytes, and the multiplicity of infection, transfection efficiency, interference efficiency were evaluated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and fluorescence microscopy. The lipid droplets, triglycerides (TG) content and the expression levels of adipogenic marker genes were measured during preadipocytes differentiation. The differentially expressed genes were explored through deep RNA sequencing. Results: The highest mRNA level was found in omasum, subcutaneous fat, and intramuscular fat. Moreover, the highest mRNA level was found in adipocytes at day 4 of differentiation. The results of red-oil o staining showed that overexpression (Ad-FGF10) of the FGF10 gene significantly (p<0.05) reduced the lipid droplets and TG content, and their down-regulation (siFGF10) increased the measurement of lipid droplets and TG in differentiated bovine adipocytes. Furthermore, the overexpression of the FGF10 gene down regulated the mRNA levels of adipogenic marker genes such as CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), fatty acid binding protein (FABP4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), similarly, down-regulation of the FGF10 gene enriched the mRNA levels of C/EBPα, PPARγ, FABP4, and LPL genes (p<0.01). Additionally, the protein levels of PPARγ and FABP4 were reduced (p<0.05) in adipocytes infected with Ad-FGF10 gene and enriched in adipocytes transfected with siFGF10. Moreover, a total of 1,774 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 157 up regulated and 1,617 down regulated genes were explored in adipocytes infected with Ad-FGF10 or Ad-NC through deep RNA-sequencing. The top Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways regulated through DEGs were the PPAR signaling pathway, cell cycle, base excision repair, DNA replication, apoptosis, and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. Conclusion: Therefore, we can conclude that the FGF10 gene is a negative regulator of bovine adipogenesis and could be used as a candidate gene in marker-assisted selection.