• 제목/요약/키워드: exchangeable cation

검색결과 236건 처리시간 0.022초

Study on the of the Correlation between Soil Chemical Properties and Bioactive Compounds of Acer tegmentosum Maxim.

  • Lee, Dong Hwan;Park, Youngki;Hong, Seong Su;Park, Gwang Hun;Kim, Hyun-Jun
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.566-574
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    • 2021
  • This research was carried out to investigate the correlation between soil chemical properties and bioactive compounds of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. The methods of determining bioactive compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, that contained (-)-gallocatechin (0.04±0.01 ~ 0.43±0.28%), salidroside (0.90±0.06 ~ 3.86±0.59%), tyrosol (0.03±0.00 ~ 0.43±0.00%), (-)-catechin (0.05±0.01 ~ 0.37±0.14%), 6'-O-galloylsalidroside (0.02± 0.01 ~ 0.31±0.06%), (-)-epicatechin-gallate (0.01±0.00 ~ 0.04±0.01%). The soil chemical properties analysis such as soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphate (Avail. P2O5), exchangeable cation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were performed following the standard manual. The correlation analysis between soil chemical properties and bioactive compounds of A. tegmentosum, soil pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cation (Ca2+ and Mg2+) were negatively correlated with content of salidroside. On the other hand, soil exchangeable cation (Na+) showed positive correlation with content of salidroside. The results of this study was able to investigate the correlation between soil chemical properties and bioactive compounds of A. tegmentosum.

염류집적 유형이 다른 토양의 교환성 양이온 측정 (Determination of Exchangeable Cations in Soils Affected by Different Types of Salt Accumulation)

  • 이예진;윤홍배;김록영;이종식;송요성;성좌경;양재의
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2012
  • 염류집적 토양의 교환성 양이온을 분석할 때 수용성 양이온이 많이 존재하는 경우 교환성 양이온이 높게 측정될 수 있으므로 수용성 양이온을 제외한 교환성 양이온을 측정하여야 한다. 수용성 양이온을 제거하기 위하여 전처리 과정 중 알콜 등으로 세척을 하거나 전체 양이온을 구한 후 포화 용액 중 녹아있는 수용성 양이온을 빼는 방법이 있다. 본 실험 결과 시설재배지 토양의 경우 전처리에서 세척하는 방법을 사용해도 타당할 것으로 판단되나, Na 함량이 높은 간척지 토양은 포화용액에 녹아있는 수용성 양이온을 빼야 정확한 교환성 나트륨을 구할 수 있다고 판단되었다. 또한 $EC_e$가 4 이하인 토양에서는 수용성 양이온을 제외할 필요가 없었다.

염류집적 비닐하우스 토양의 교환성 양이온 측정 (Measurement of Exchangeable Cations in Salt Accumulated Vinyl Greenhouse Soils)

  • 정종배;이용세;정병룡
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 2018
  • 가용성 및 난용성 염류가 집적된 비닐하우스 토양의 교환성 양이온을 가용성 염류의 사전 제거 처리 없이 pH 7.0의 1 M $NH_4OAc$ 용액으로 추출하여 측정할 경우 비교환성 양이온의 용출로 인해 특히 교환성 Ca과 Mg의 함량이 실제보다 훨씬 과다하게 측정될 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과, 노지 토양의 경우에는 1 M $NH_4OAc$(pH 7.0) 용액으로 추출하여 측정한 교환성 양이온 함량의 합은 pH 7.0에서 측정된 CEC를 초과하지 않았으나 비닐하우스 토양의 경우에는 가용성 염류를 사전에 제거하더라도 CEC의 1.9-2.5배 정도로 과다하게 측정되었다. 가용성 염류를 사전에 제거한 후 pH 8.5의 1 M alcoholic $NH_4Cl$ 용액으로 추출하여 측정한 비닐하우스 토양의 교환성 양이온의 합은 pH 7.0에서 측정된 CEC에 매우 근접하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 pH 8.5의 alcoholic $NH_4Cl$ 용액에서 Ca과 Mg의 탄산염을 포함한 토양 중의 난용성 염류의 용해가 억제되었기 때문이다. 따라서 가용성 염류를 사전에 제거하고 $NH_4OAc$ 용액 대신 alcoholic $NH_4Cl$ 용액으로 교환성 양이온을 추출 정량함으로써 비닐하우스 토양의 교환성 양이온을 보다 정확하게 측정할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

An Investigation of Characteristics of Chinese Bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorum A.) Cultivated Soil

  • Choi, Jang Nam;Lee, Wang Hyu
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.660-666
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    • 2018
  • In order to understand the characteristics of soil according to the cultivation environment of Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorum A.), soil chemical properties of 12 collected soil samples from 6 cultivated fields in Okcheon, Chungbuk province in August. 2017 were analyzed. The soil pH was distributed within the range of 4.61 to 5.25 at all cultivation years and E.C (Electric Conductivity) and T-N (Total Nitrogen) of the cultivation year were not significant. Available $P_2O_5$ was higher than the average for medicinal crops and P. grandiflorum in Korea and C.E.C (Cation Exchange Capacity) was inconsistent for each cultivation year. In particularly, it was validated that the content of exchangeable cations K, Ca, Ma, and Na in this experiment was similar to that of C.E.C according to the cultivation years, because C.E.C had a high correlation with the exchangeable cations. For the available $P_2O_5$, as affected by trans-planting, 5Y-NT-H (cultivated 5 years and non-transplanted) had 58 mg/kg, while 5Y-T-H (cultivated 5 years and transplanted) had 246 mg/kg. The soil pH was found to be lower (acidic) in diseased soils than healthy soils. E.C was confirmed to be was higher in diseased soils than healthy soils except for the one cultivated for 2 years. The contents of T-N and available $P_2O_5$ were higher in diseased soil except for the one cultivated for 5 years and 11 years. The exchangeable cation K and Na tended to be higher in diseased soils rather than that in healthy soils, and the exchangeable cation Ca and Mg contents were higher in healthy soils than in diseased soils. The C.E.C of the soil was lower than that of healthy soils in all of the years except for the one which was cultivated for 5 years (transplanted).

Effect of Exchangeable Cation on Radionuclide Diffusion In Compacted Bentonite

  • Park, Jong-Won;Park, Hyun-Soo;Dennis W. Oscarson
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.274-279
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    • 1996
  • Diffusion coefficient is a critical parameter for predicting radiological source term(migration rate and flux of radionuclide) through given near field conditions in spent fuel or high level waste repository. The effect of exchangeable cation-$Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+} - on the diffusion of $I^- \;and^3H$ (as HTO) in compacted bentonite was examined using a through-diffusion method. Bentonite material used here was compacted to a density of 1.3 Mg/m$^3$, and Na-bentonite was saturated with a solution of 100 mol NaCl/m$^3$ and Ca-bentonite with 50 $mol\;CaCl_2$/m$^3$. The results show that effective diffusion coefficients are generally higher by a factor of two to five in Ca-than Na-clay. This is attributed to the larger particle size of Ca-compared to Na-bentonite; hence, Ca-bentonite has a greater proportion of relatively large pores, which make a greater contribution to mass transport than small pores. Although the nature of the exchangeable cation affects mass diffusion in compacted bentonite, the effect is small and not likely to influence performance assessment modeling of compacted bentonite-based barriers.

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NH4-K 와 NH4-Ca 평형에 대한 양이온 치환식의 적용 (Application of Exchange Equations for NH4-K NH4-Ca Equilibria)

  • 정종배;사동민
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.218-226
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    • 1995
  • 복숭아 묘목으로 부터 채취한 근권 및 그 주변 토양을 이용하여 $NH_4-K$$NH_4-Ca$ 치환 현상을 조사하였으며 이 결과를 토양중 암모니움 등 양이온의 이동과 분포의 모델화에 적용할 수 있는 치환식을 찾고자 했다. 토양시료를 $NH_4Cl$, KCl과 $CaCl_2$ 용액으로 평형에 도달시킨 후 $Sr(NO_3)_2$ 용액으로 추출하여 평형상태에서의 치환태 양이온 조성을 구하였다. Vanselow, Gapon 그리고 kerr의 식은 $NH_4-K$$NH_4-Ca$ 치환 현상을 적절히 기술할 수 없었으나 치환태 양이온 농도에 임의의 지수를 갖는 다음과 같은 경험식이 매우 적절한 것으로 나타났다. ${\frac{\alpha_i^m}{a_j^n}}=K{\frac{(iX)^{mPi}}{(jX)^{nPj}}}$ 이 식에서 ${\alpha}i$${\alpha}j$는 원자가가 m과 n인 양이온 i 및 j의 용액 중 activity이며(iX)와 (jX)는 치환태양이온 i와 j의 농도이다. 치환태 양이온의 농도 단위로는 몰 분율 또는 당량 분율을 사용할 수 있다. 임의상수 $P_i$$P_j$ 그리고 분배상수 K는 이 식의 대수형을 이용하여 다중 회귀 방법으로 구할 수 있다.

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한라산 구상나무 건전개체와 쇠약개체의 항산화효소활성 및 토양특성 (Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Soil Properties of Healthy and Declining Abies koreana (Wils.) in Mt. Halla)

  • 임종환;우수영;권미정;김영걸
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제96권1호
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    • pp.14-20
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    • 2007
  • 구상나무의 스트레스 적응능력을 보여주는 항산화효소활성, 건전개체와 쇠약한 개체의 토양의 물리화학적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 윗세오름, 영실 그리고 성판악(진달래밭)지역의 건전개체와 쇠퇴개체를 조사 분석하였다. 항산화효소활성으로는 Ascorbate peroxidase(APX)와 Glutathione Reductase(GR)를, 토양특성으로는 토성, pH, 유기물함량, 전 질소함량, 유효인산, 양이온치환용량, 양이온의 함량을 분석하였고, 구상나무 잎을 채취하여 식물체의 양분함량을 분석하였다. APX, GR 효소 활성에 있어서 건전개체와 쇠약한 개체 사이에는 큰 차이가 없었으나, 계절적으로 6월과 8월에 비해 9월의 항산화효소 활성도가 낮게 나타났다. 토양분석 결과 유기물함량, 전질소, 유효인산, 양이온치환용량, 양이온 함량이 건전개체가 있는 곳에 비해 쇠약한 개체가 있는 곳의 토양이 낮게 나타났다.

노각나무(Stewartia koreana)군락의 식생구조와 생태특성 (Vegetation Structures and Ecological Properties of Sterwartia koreana Community)

  • 권혜진;송호경
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제97권3호
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    • pp.296-304
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    • 2008
  • 우리나라 노각나무 자생지 가운데 8개 지역을 대상으로 식물사회학적 방법으로 군락을 분류하고, 방형구법을 사용하여 구배분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 노각나무군락은 고로쇠나무하위군락, 소나무하위군락, 사람주나무하위군락, 노각나무전형하위군락으로 구분되었다. 노각나무는 주로 계곡 주변에 국지적으로 분포하였으며, 토양특성은 유기물, 전질소, 유효인산, 치환성 K, 치환성 Ca, 치환성 Mg, 양이온치환용량(CEC)의 함량이 14.31~34.27%, 0.33~0.77%, 7.83~22.88(mg/kg), 0.23~1.07(me/100g), 0.29~2.93(me/100g), 0.33~1.49(me/100g), 10.47~22.48(me/100g)이며, pH는 4.65~4.96으로 약산성토양인 것으로 분석되었다. 고로쇠나무하위군락은 해발고가 가장 높고, 전질소, 치환성 Ca, Mg의 함량이 높은 입지에 분포하였으며, 소나무하위군락은 해발고가 가장 낮고, 전질소, 치환성 Ca, Mg의 함량이 가장 낮은 입지에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다.

한국산성토양의 pH 완충력과 석회소요량 특성 (pH Buffer Capacity and Lime Requirement of Korean Acid Soils)

  • 김유학;윤정회;정병간;장용선;곽한강
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.378-382
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    • 2004
  • Soil pH is an important indicator for soil reactions and crop growth. pH buffer capacity and lime requirements are necessary to comprehend and manage soils well. The characteristics related with soil pH were analyzed and 5 field trials were conducted to elucidate pH buffer capacity of soil and lime requirements and liming factor for Korean acid soils. Soil minerals were analyzed for the soil of 2 years after treating $CaCO_3$ using X-ray diffraction. The amount of neutralized $H^+$ was regarded as the exchangeable aluminium overcoming ${\Delta}pH$, because pH buffer capacity of soil depended on exchangeable aluminium. Lime requirement was somewhat similar to the KCl exchangeable aluminium and it was also affected by the exchangeable cation by added lime. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that an aluminium dissociation from Korean acid soils was equilibrated with kaolin minerals and changed into anorthite ($CaAl_2Si_2O_8$) by neutralizing with $CaCO_3$. Neutralizing process was composed of changing process of $Al^{3+}$ into $H^+$ and $Al(OH)_4{^-}$ ionic species and of neutralizing $H^+$ by, the amount of which was lime requirement. The fact that anorthite dissociates an aluminium ion higher than kaolinite does enabled to consider a liming factor (LF) the content of exchangeable cation and ${\Delta}pH$, $LF=1.5+0.2{\times}{\sum} Cations{\times}{\Delta}pH$.

국내산(國內産) 벤토나이트의 몇 가지 물리화학적(物理化學的) 특성(特性)에 관(關)하여 (Basic Physico-Chemical Properties of Representative Ca-Bentonites from Tertiary Sediments)

  • 문희수;유장한;김종환;조한익
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.159-168
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    • 1987
  • Some physico-chemical properties such as surface area, moisture content, cation exchange capacity, swelling rate, pH, viscosity and liquid limit have been determined for evaluation of Cabentonite deposit occurring in four localities; Yonil, Gampo, Haseo and Pohang, in Gyeongsang-do. Montmorillonite contents can be derived from surface area measurement. Enhancement of liquid limit values and swelling volume were observed in the samples which had higher exchangeable Na ion and finer particle-size distribution. Identical results were observed even in the Na-exchanged samples. This suggests that aggregation effects have a great influence on physico-chemical properties. Aggregation of montmorillonite were controlled not only burial depth but also composition of exchangeable cation. Consequently, sample occurred in Yonil area where has the greatest burial depth in the area show somewhat lower physico-chemical properties than those of samples occurred in the other localities. However, the basic test applied in this study provides very useful preliminary information relating to its commercial potential.

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