• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.247-264
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• 2021

사다리꼴의 넓이는 수학적 사고와 역량을 기를 수 있는 중요한 개념이지만 다수의 학생은 사다리꼴의 넓이 공식을 도구적으로 이해하는 경향이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하는 실마리를 Dienes의 수학학습이론과 Watson과 Mason의 예 공간 개념에서 찾을 수 있었다. 본 연구는 사다리꼴의 넓이 교수학습에 관한 시사점을 얻고자 Dienes의 수학학습이론에 따른 사다리꼴의 넓이 학습에서 학생들이 구성한 예 공간을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 학생들이 구성한 수학학습단계별 예 공간은 놀이 단계의 사다리꼴 변형에 대한 예 공간, 비교·표현 단계의 공통점 표현에 대한 예 공간, 기호화·형식화 단계의 사다리꼴 넓이 식에 대한 예 공간이었다. 단계별 예 공간을 구성하는 예의 종류, 생성, 비중, 관련성을 분석하고 예 공간의 구조를 맵으로 도식화하였다. 단계별 예 공간의 일반적인 예, 특수한 예, 관례적인 예를 분석하고 실제 사다리꼴의 넓이 교수학습실행에서 예와 예 공간을 활용하는 방안을 논의하였다. Dienes의 수학학습이론에 따른 사다리꼴의 넓이 학습수행의 유의미함을 논의하였고 본 연구의 내용은 사다리꼴의 넓이 학습의 한 모델이 될 수 있다.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2015

By means of statistical analysis and module concept, this paper investigated the current situation of high school girl's uniform and put forward its improved design and database establishment. Combined with the survey data, the future design direction and trend of the high school girls' uniform were proposed. By using modular design concept, the uniform is divided into five modules, and a style database has been built. Meanwhile, the parametric pattern database has been completed by using garment CAD system, based on the style database above, which has 42,336 possibilities to assemble a pair of school uniform. Combining with digital sewing techniques and by using computerized embroidery machine, the personalized design of high school girl's summer uniform has been realized. And two simulated case have been given for examples to prove its feasibility. The idea of modular design and parametric design method proposed in this study offer references for establishing the modular design database and parametric pattern database for other types of school uniform and are of relatively high practical and theoretical value.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

Many closed schools of about more 3,000(2006 year) have occurred all over the country according to governmental policy of 1982. These closed schools were sold or rent to institution, local government, and a private, and are used by various usage such as novitiate, institution, educational facility, art creation facilities, warehouse, and factory. But, unimproved closed school facilities are still reaching for about 450. Among practical use example of such closed school, alternative educational facility, practice facilities, art creation facilities etc. with closed schools which have general surrounding natural landscape and environment uses well preserved were applied consciousness and the practice about environmental problem to ecological concept. Also, a lot of discussions about ecological concept and study for desirable solutions about practical use of closed schools example have been achieved. However, it is hard to find various ecological practical use examples at filed. In such background, this research wishes to investigate changing space and facilities variously and its usage which is applied ecological concept with regional closed schools.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.78-88
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• 1989

The fundamental objective of this paper has been to develop a means for incoporating the concept of the linear fractional transformation more generally and easily into multivariable feedback design procedure. When we design a continuous system, generally, we are constrained by design methods which arise specifically for the system. Also, in the design of descrete systems, it is the same concept. But the approach developed in this paper is very flexible in the view that in spite of being the continuous or discrete, the design can be done using a well known design method in both cases. That is, when we design a contnuous system or discrete system, the design can be done by a standard design method of continuous systmes or discrete ones, depending on the choice of the linear fractional transformation. Therefore, it is noted that this concept has broken the unflexibility of the conventional design rules for multivariable control system. In essence, the concept shows that if a given system is controllable, some desirable design, for examples, pole assignment within prespecified region, optimal controllers with poles within prespecified region etc., could be done easily by transforming a desirable region into a standard region, such as the complex left-half plane or the unit disk, by the chosen linear fractional transformation, and then by designing the transformed system using the well known standard results.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.369-376
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• 1993

Since nursing has come of age both as a profession and as a scholarly discipline, there has been increasing concern with delineating its theory base. In 1978 Chinn and Jacobs asserted that “the development of theory is the most crucial task facing nursing today.” The basic building blocks of theories are concepts. Concept formation begins in infancy, for concepts help us to categorize and organize our environmental stimuli. Concepts help us to identify how our experiences are similar or equivalent by categorizing all the things that are alike about them. concepts can be primitive, concrete, or abstract. Concept Analysis is a strategy that examines the attributes or characteristics of a concept. It is a formal, linguistic exercise to determine those defining attributes. It encourages communication. Its basic purpose is to distinguish between the defining and irrelevant attributes of a concept similarities. It is a process of determining the differences between concepts and it is useful for several reasons. It is an excellent way to begin examining information in preparation for research or theory construction and results in an operational definition and a list of defining attributes and antecedents. It provides the scientist with an excellent beginning for a new tool, is an excellent way of evaluating an old one and is useful in evaluating existing instruments. The steps of concept analysis are : 1. Select a concept, 2. Determine the aims or purposes of the analysis, 3. Identify all uses of the concept that you can discover, 4. Determine the defining attributes, 5. Construct a model case, 6. Construct borderline, re-lated, contrary, invented, and illegitimate cases, 7. Identify antecedents and consequences, 8. Define empirical referents. In this paper, the concept selected for analysis was Love. The concept of love is of great interest to nursing because loving care is considered vital to the nursing care of patients. The aims of the concept analysis of love were to clarify the meaning of love, to develop an operational definition for it and to contribute to existing nursing theory. Love influences the quality of life which is the goal of nursing according to Parse in her Human Becoming Theory. Lived experiences are the entities for study in Parse's Research Methodology. Human caring, human understanding, and human becoming are the most important issues in lived experiences. In this research, dictionaries and literature from nursing philosophy and other human disciplines were used to identify the concept of love. As many different instances of the concept as could be found were examinned. The model case was a real life example of the use of the concept. Next borderline, related, invented, and contrary cases were constructed for the purpose of providing examples of “not the concept” and for promoting further understanding of the concept being discussed. The defining attributes of the concept of love were concern, responsibility, respect, understanding and dedication. Love was defined as showing concern and understanding. relating with mutual respect and dedicating oneself responsibly to others. Concept analysis is a highly creative activity and may add significant new information to a given area of interest. It is a strategy for developing a concept based on observation or other forms of empirical evidence. The purpose of concept analysis is to generate new ideas. It provides a method of examining data for new insights that contribute to theoretical development. This concept analysis suggests that a nurse’s love for patients is shown in the process of giving oneself in mutual relationships of responsibility and respect and in continuously providing understanding and quality human care for them.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.288-292
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• 2014

A critical assumption of the standard sample size calculation is that the response (outcome) for an individual patient is completely independent to that for any other patient. However, this assumption no longer holds when there is a lack of statistical independence across subjects seen in cluster randomized designs. In this setting, patients within a cluster are more likely to respond in a similar manner; patient outcomes may correlate strongly within clusters. Thus, direct use of standard sample size formulae for cluster design, ignoring the clustering effect, may result in sample size that are too small, resulting in a study that is under-powered for detecting the desired level of difference between groups. This paper revisit worked examples for sample size calculation provided in a previous paper using nomogram to easy to access. Then we present the concept of cluster design illustrated with worked examples, and introduce design effect that is a factor to inflate the standard sample size estimates.

• 복식
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• 제60권9호
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• pp.120-135
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• 2010

Since emotion, creativity, and imagination has become the source of creating added value, the purpose of this study is to grasp the concept of high concept which has appeared as a major key word of modern culture and analyze the types of emotional expression found in modern fashion. Study methods were focused on literature review and case study. The literature review was conducted by news stories at home and abroad. The examples of case study were collected in fashion collection journals and related Internet web sites with their focus on from 2000 S/S to 2009 F/W to analyze emotional expression found in high concept-reflected fashion. The concept of 'high concept' suggested by Pink, Daniel H. lays on stress on ability to creative emotional value or cultural artistic value hidden behind the functional value, to make stories, and to combine ideas which do not seem to be connected with existing things. As a result of study, The forms of emotional expression found in high concept-reflected fashion included: art collaboration and art inspiration which were expressed through cross-category of culture and art; multi-culture design which expresses a mixture between western fashion and oriental costumes; funology design which expresses efficient value by high technology and fun value through humorous elements; and emotional digital design which can be transformed in function, shape and the use of materials representing light which is effectively used for fashion to represent fantasy or illusion connected with digital technology.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.157-172
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• 1999

This treatise, after review recent data on Oriental Medical toxicity, gets a conclusion on toxic concept of Oriental Medicine. 1. In the oriental medicine, the concept of toxic character contains propensity which disposition is inclined, and general meaning covered with the effect of a medicine, a side effect, formation of a medicine Besides, the concept diversely is used in the cause of a disease, names, symptoms, how to treat, medicines, prevention name, etc. 2. Every herbal drugs has toxic character. Levels of toxicity are nonexistence(無毒), existence(有毒), a little(小毒), always(常毒), serious(大毒), fatal toxic(劇毒), whose concepts in the Oriental Medicine are divided relative and absolute at the same time. 3. The examples of the fatal events by poisoning up to now are more than 400 cases(in China). 4. The factors of toxicity are the amount used unsuitably, the combination, directions, and interactions between western and oriental medicine, etc. The reduction of toxicity and how to detoxicate is several methods. The toxic science in Oriental Medicine based on the formation of oriental medicine present principles which use herbal drugs safely and availablely, utilizing th dispositions and efficiencies. It has positive, learning spirits which prevent abuse of oriental medicine, and which exactly diagnose and use the herbal drugs in the treatment with absolute toxic medicine. However, I think that scientific, positive experimental research is necessary to setup dose-response relation, be in relative quantity of toxic character, operate on the reactive mechanism exactly.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2003

본 연구는 제품조형에 대한 언어적 연구로 디자이너들의 연구사례의 유형을 분석하고자 했다. 특히 제품조형의 언어적 개념을 도구와 사고의 관계에서 언어적 관계성을 통해서 창출하고자 했다. 언어적인 영역과 비 언어적인 영역에서 조형언어의 역할이 어떡해 활동하고 있는지를 분석하였다. 특히 디자인 프로세스상에 형성되는 조형언어의 역하로 조형해석과 조형개념 창출 즉 아이디어 창출에 대한 디자인 프로세스의 관계성을 파악하였다. 이러한 조형언어가 디자인 사적인 측면에서의 기원과 최초 연구가(EnzoMari)의 연구사례를 제시하였다. 또한 디자이너와 디자인 관련 학자들의 조형언어에 대한 관심을 언어적 측면에서의 다양한 요소로 나누어 분류하였다. 또한 이러한 분류과정을 통해서 제품과 관련된 추상적 이론과 시스템적인 연구보다 구체적인 실무의 사례와 개별화된 제품조형언어에 대한 연구의 필요성을 가지고 이러한 측면을 강조하여 상호문화적인 측면에서 개별화된 실제 제품의 조형 언어의 차이와 관심의 차이 그리고 상호공존 할 수 있는 제품조형언어의 개념 창출을 향후 연구과제로 제안한다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2005

The phenomenon due to the abundance of material civilization, and the destruct of environment provokes the damage to the order of nature in the earth. To prevent the fact, the necessity of the ecology start to become influential an important issue. In an outlook on the world of the ecological concept, human evolves with an environment as the mutual interdependence eventually. The approaching of the ecological method to reform of the present environment is an essentiality. In a viewpoint, the interior landscape starts to distinguish as an ecological concept in interior environment. To recognize the necessity of an interior landscape, comparison and analysis have been carried out in the worldwide examples of the lobby space in high-rise office buildings. In the results, the interior landscape is an essential fact to create an ecological interior environment. As the perceiving of the importance in the composition of the ecological environment, it needs to recognize the imminence the introduction of the ecological concept in the human life.